Therapists in Johnson City, TN

Photo of Jonathan Dwight Seay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Jonathan Dwight Seay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMT-P
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
I have a passion for working with adults who have survived difficult situations or past experiences. I have experience working as a first responder and spent many years in the military. I use this knowledge and experience to mold the treatments I use to best serve anyone who has faced difficult or insurmountable situations in the past. I work with those who have concerns with traumatic history, anxiety, depression, or just looking to understand themselves better. If you are looking for someone to be a support and guide you to becoming the best version of yourself, please contact me today. I look forward to working with you.
I have a passion for working with adults who have survived difficult situations or past experiences. I have experience working as a first responder and spent many years in the military. I use this knowledge and experience to mold the treatments I use to best serve anyone who has faced difficult or insurmountable situations in the past. I work with those who have concerns with traumatic history, anxiety, depression, or just looking to understand themselves better. If you are looking for someone to be a support and guide you to becoming the best version of yourself, please contact me today. I look forward to working with you.
(423) 528-8928 View (423) 528-8928
Photo of Caitlin Lucas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Caitlin Lucas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
(423) 210-4921 View (423) 210-4921
Photo of Christine Steadman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Christine Steadman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Not accepting new clients
I'm committed to empowering adults struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns, and trauma. Understanding the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I seek to understand clients' needs, concerns, goals, and history. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate techniques and exercises that address issues of the mind as well as trauma the body can hold. While sessions are tailored to the needs of each client, treatment focuses on addressing the individual holistically. I use various therapeutic styles that include Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, existential, and somatic.
I'm committed to empowering adults struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns, and trauma. Understanding the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I seek to understand clients' needs, concerns, goals, and history. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate techniques and exercises that address issues of the mind as well as trauma the body can hold. While sessions are tailored to the needs of each client, treatment focuses on addressing the individual holistically. I use various therapeutic styles that include Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, existential, and somatic.
(423) 205-7260 View (423) 205-7260
Photo of Desarei D Hoss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Desarei D Hoss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
We all experience hardships in life, whether sudden or gradual. My experience of 15 years includes working with clients experiencing various life challenges including chronic health issues, grief, family dynamics and personal trauma to providing specialized care for Veterans facing combat-related stress and the effects of redeployment on personal and family well being. My approach emphasizes collaboration and affirmation, cultivating a safe and trusting therapeutic environment where clients feel empowered to explore their emotions and navigate their journey toward healing and resilience.
We all experience hardships in life, whether sudden or gradual. My experience of 15 years includes working with clients experiencing various life challenges including chronic health issues, grief, family dynamics and personal trauma to providing specialized care for Veterans facing combat-related stress and the effects of redeployment on personal and family well being. My approach emphasizes collaboration and affirmation, cultivating a safe and trusting therapeutic environment where clients feel empowered to explore their emotions and navigate their journey toward healing and resilience.
(423) 516-8148 View (423) 516-8148
Photo of Emmanuel S John, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Emmanuel S John
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
(423) 302-0338 View (423) 302-0338
Photo of Whitewood Counseling & Consultation, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Whitewood Counseling & Consultation
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, MHSP, AS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
Contact me (email preferred) if you are seeking counseling services ... or ... looking for someone to provide supervision for LPC licensure.
Contact me (email preferred) if you are seeking counseling services ... or ... looking for someone to provide supervision for LPC licensure.
(423) 225-8536 View (423) 225-8536
Photo of Carly Hedrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Carly Hedrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Carly Hedrick is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Tennessee. Carly graduated with her Master's degree in Social Work from East Tennessee State University. She also earned a Master's degree in Divinity from Emmanuel Christian Seminary. Carly’s approach to therapy is shaped by past occupational experiences which have taught her to sit with others in painful emotions and stressful circumstances and listen with compassion, curiosity, and acceptance.
Carly Hedrick is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Tennessee. Carly graduated with her Master's degree in Social Work from East Tennessee State University. She also earned a Master's degree in Divinity from Emmanuel Christian Seminary. Carly’s approach to therapy is shaped by past occupational experiences which have taught her to sit with others in painful emotions and stressful circumstances and listen with compassion, curiosity, and acceptance.
(423) 482-9816 View (423) 482-9816
Photo of Jasmine Herndon in Johnson City, TN
Jasmine Herndon
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
In today's world, uncertainty, helplessness, and exhaustion can often cause one to feel confused and isolated. Anxiety, stress, or trauma can significantly impact various aspects of life. You may feel uncertain or stuck about how to best support yourself in your difficulties. You may struggle with prioritizing your well-being and practicing self-care. You deserve to live a life filled with confidence and satisfaction. It takes courage to reach out for support, and I commend you for taking this vital step toward your healing journey.
In today's world, uncertainty, helplessness, and exhaustion can often cause one to feel confused and isolated. Anxiety, stress, or trauma can significantly impact various aspects of life. You may feel uncertain or stuck about how to best support yourself in your difficulties. You may struggle with prioritizing your well-being and practicing self-care. You deserve to live a life filled with confidence and satisfaction. It takes courage to reach out for support, and I commend you for taking this vital step toward your healing journey.
(423) 396-1302 View (423) 396-1302
Photo of Matthew Wineman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Matthew Wineman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Let's be honest: the world is weird, and sometimes it's tough out there. Maybe you've had some big changes in your life lately, and you're feeling confused or even lost trying to navigate your rapidly evolving social environment. You want clarity, direction, and some solid tools to cut through the fog and build a path to the future you want.
Let's be honest: the world is weird, and sometimes it's tough out there. Maybe you've had some big changes in your life lately, and you're feeling confused or even lost trying to navigate your rapidly evolving social environment. You want clarity, direction, and some solid tools to cut through the fog and build a path to the future you want.
(423) 205-0994 View (423) 205-0994
Photo of Katherine Barteck, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
Katherine Barteck
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
I provide individual therapy, to adolescents and adults, as well as couples and family therapy. I believe that the focus of therapy is the achievement of insight and both intra- and inter-personal growth. This means different things to different people and families, so I actively involve you in the direction of your therapy and will check in often to make sure that your needs are being met. I trained as a generalist and pull from a variety of therapeutic approaches, including interpersonal process, insight-oriented, and cognitive-behavioral.
I provide individual therapy, to adolescents and adults, as well as couples and family therapy. I believe that the focus of therapy is the achievement of insight and both intra- and inter-personal growth. This means different things to different people and families, so I actively involve you in the direction of your therapy and will check in often to make sure that your needs are being met. I trained as a generalist and pull from a variety of therapeutic approaches, including interpersonal process, insight-oriented, and cognitive-behavioral.
(423) 930-9338 View (423) 930-9338
Photo of Kaleb Pratt, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
Kaleb Pratt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Dr. Kaleb Pratt is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, born and raised in East Tennessee. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, and completed his Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida. Kaleb has experience with a wide range of client ages, diagnoses, and treatment methods. His research interests include assessment, personality theory, clinician self-care, and psychotherapy integration. In his free time, Kaleb enjoys playing video and board games, reading, and learning new things in all forms.
Dr. Kaleb Pratt is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, born and raised in East Tennessee. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, and completed his Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida. Kaleb has experience with a wide range of client ages, diagnoses, and treatment methods. His research interests include assessment, personality theory, clinician self-care, and psychotherapy integration. In his free time, Kaleb enjoys playing video and board games, reading, and learning new things in all forms.
(423) 556-3738 View (423) 556-3738
Photo of North Star Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
North Star Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37615
I provide therapy to people from all walks of life and tailor counseling to each individual. I meet people right where they are to help them take steps towards the life they want. I believe that people who struggle with their thoughts and feelings are often just looking for a way to be the person they want to be and sometimes get lost along the way. They want to hold true to their personal values when making choices but have trouble finding a way forward. I believe that, through therapy, people can learn new and creative ways to respond to those thoughts and feelings so they can get back to living a life guided by their values.
I provide therapy to people from all walks of life and tailor counseling to each individual. I meet people right where they are to help them take steps towards the life they want. I believe that people who struggle with their thoughts and feelings are often just looking for a way to be the person they want to be and sometimes get lost along the way. They want to hold true to their personal values when making choices but have trouble finding a way forward. I believe that, through therapy, people can learn new and creative ways to respond to those thoughts and feelings so they can get back to living a life guided by their values.
(423) 556-3833 View (423) 556-3833
Photo of Christina Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Christina Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Christina V Smith is a Nationally Certified Counselor and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. Christina has worked in the community health field and in foster care, after an extensive career as a licensed financial planner and an educator. Christina uses a blended approach to walk with you on a journey toward exploring self-knowledge and understanding. Her approach leans on incorporating mindfulness, attachment repair and trauma processing modalities, as well as dialectical behavioral therapy principles. Christina was born in rural South Africa but the United States has been home for more than 20 years.
Christina V Smith is a Nationally Certified Counselor and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. Christina has worked in the community health field and in foster care, after an extensive career as a licensed financial planner and an educator. Christina uses a blended approach to walk with you on a journey toward exploring self-knowledge and understanding. Her approach leans on incorporating mindfulness, attachment repair and trauma processing modalities, as well as dialectical behavioral therapy principles. Christina was born in rural South Africa but the United States has been home for more than 20 years.
(423) 456-9173 View (423) 456-9173
Photo of Kelsey Maloney-Steiner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Kelsey Maloney-Steiner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
Kelsey works with individuals, adolescents, and adults. She believes that we live in stories. It is through relationships, conversations, and stories that we create meaning in life. By examining the stories we tell ourselves, re-authoring them, and externalizing problems, then we can construct new and liberating stories. In counseling, Kelsey uses narrative therapy to engage with clients in the stories of their lives. She focuses on building an atmosphere of curiosity, respect, and transparency. She believes individuals matter, bearing witness to stories matters, and that individuals have strengths and the power to change.
Kelsey works with individuals, adolescents, and adults. She believes that we live in stories. It is through relationships, conversations, and stories that we create meaning in life. By examining the stories we tell ourselves, re-authoring them, and externalizing problems, then we can construct new and liberating stories. In counseling, Kelsey uses narrative therapy to engage with clients in the stories of their lives. She focuses on building an atmosphere of curiosity, respect, and transparency. She believes individuals matter, bearing witness to stories matters, and that individuals have strengths and the power to change.
(423) 345-8572 View (423) 345-8572
Photo of Robin Hebert, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Robin Hebert
Pre-Licensed Professional, t-LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
I am passionate about working with first responders and veterans. I understand the importance of having a counselor that is culturally competent in these professions. As a former first responder of 18 years (firefighter, EMT and peace officer), I have a sincere and genuine motivation to continue helping others. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, relationships, performance related challenges with athletes, and sexual health. I work with many individuals from all walks of life, not just first responders.
I am passionate about working with first responders and veterans. I understand the importance of having a counselor that is culturally competent in these professions. As a former first responder of 18 years (firefighter, EMT and peace officer), I have a sincere and genuine motivation to continue helping others. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, relationships, performance related challenges with athletes, and sexual health. I work with many individuals from all walks of life, not just first responders.
(423) 401-9854 View (423) 401-9854
Photo of Pam Kuykendall, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Pam Kuykendall
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Thank you for taking time to view my profile. Being a mental health care provider is a calling and a passion. Healing from the effects of trauma, perinatal and postpartum mental health concerns, anxiety, and depression is possible. The healing journey is different for each person and I will patiently walk alongside my clients each step of the way. I also provide premarital counseling, family therapy, and have experience with parenting assistance and spiritual health.
Thank you for taking time to view my profile. Being a mental health care provider is a calling and a passion. Healing from the effects of trauma, perinatal and postpartum mental health concerns, anxiety, and depression is possible. The healing journey is different for each person and I will patiently walk alongside my clients each step of the way. I also provide premarital counseling, family therapy, and have experience with parenting assistance and spiritual health.
(423) 436-0401 View (423) 436-0401
Photo of Ginger Ketron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Ginger Ketron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
(423) 295-7486 View (423) 295-7486
Photo of Ginger Ketron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Ginger Ketron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
I have worked with patients from a variety of walks of life: 4 years of age to 75 years of age. I walk alongside those that deal with anxiety, ADHD, marital challenges, behavior issues, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, substance use, and trauma for those who desire to make their goals a reality. I provide counseling for children ages 6 and up for those struggling with behaviors in school, at home and in the community. I provide a safe place where children can be themselves, adapt their life skills or "tools" and learn more to add to their toolbox in order to increase positive, healthy behaviors that assist them as they maneuver life.
I have worked with patients from a variety of walks of life: 4 years of age to 75 years of age. I walk alongside those that deal with anxiety, ADHD, marital challenges, behavior issues, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, substance use, and trauma for those who desire to make their goals a reality. I provide counseling for children ages 6 and up for those struggling with behaviors in school, at home and in the community. I provide a safe place where children can be themselves, adapt their life skills or "tools" and learn more to add to their toolbox in order to increase positive, healthy behaviors that assist them as they maneuver life.
(423) 556-7961 View (423) 556-7961
Photo of Stacey Shine, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Stacey Shine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37615  (Online Only)
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
(423) 205-7099 View (423) 205-7099
Photo of Erica Petree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
(423) 380-7588 View (423) 380-7588

See more therapy options for Johnson City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnson City, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Johnson City, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Cigna and Evernorth
75% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Johnson City, TN see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnson City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.