Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

View neighborhoods in Jacksonville
Photo of Tiffany Moore, Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Tiffany Moore
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32246
The purpose of therapy is to take what you have learned and apply it outside. It is not always easy to make changes, and change can be scary, but once you put your words into action, the change can be beautiful. I have worked with people who struggle with substance use issues, depression, anxiety, and families. I have a passion for working with people in the BiPOC community. I want my clients to believe in themselves and what they can accomplish without needing external validation. My goal is for you to feel confident in your decision-making to process your needs/issues without relying on others.
The purpose of therapy is to take what you have learned and apply it outside. It is not always easy to make changes, and change can be scary, but once you put your words into action, the change can be beautiful. I have worked with people who struggle with substance use issues, depression, anxiety, and families. I have a passion for working with people in the BiPOC community. I want my clients to believe in themselves and what they can accomplish without needing external validation. My goal is for you to feel confident in your decision-making to process your needs/issues without relying on others.
(904) 364-1958 View (904) 364-1958
Photo of Nathaniel Johnston, Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Nathaniel Johnston
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207
I am licensed in Florida with 12 years of professional work experience helping clients learn effective skills to manage stress and anxiety, along with identifying the root causes of addictions, & how to cope with trauma and abuse. I also have experience working with feeling depression, adjustment disorders, and relationship dysfunction, as well as with high school, college, and professional athletes for improved performance and well-being. I believe in short-term (3-5 days) and long-term (As long as needed) therapy treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
I am licensed in Florida with 12 years of professional work experience helping clients learn effective skills to manage stress and anxiety, along with identifying the root causes of addictions, & how to cope with trauma and abuse. I also have experience working with feeling depression, adjustment disorders, and relationship dysfunction, as well as with high school, college, and professional athletes for improved performance and well-being. I believe in short-term (3-5 days) and long-term (As long as needed) therapy treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
(904) 454-4766 View (904) 454-4766
Photo of Philemon Ministry Of Counseling Academy, Pastoral Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Philemon Ministry Of Counseling Academy
Pastoral Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32219
I'm a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Counselor and Board Certified as a Temperament Specialist and Clinical Supervisor by the National Christian Counselors Association. In addition, I'm Supreme Court Certified County, Family, and Circuit-Civil Mediator and Court appointed Child Custody Evaluator; Certified Thinking for a Change Facilitator. Also, I facilitate and provides counseling and coping mechanism, and adjustments techniques to the reentry individuals transitioning from jails and prisons as well as helping their family members with the life adjustments and understanding chronic disorders, pharmacological regimens and management.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Counselor and Board Certified as a Temperament Specialist and Clinical Supervisor by the National Christian Counselors Association. In addition, I'm Supreme Court Certified County, Family, and Circuit-Civil Mediator and Court appointed Child Custody Evaluator; Certified Thinking for a Change Facilitator. Also, I facilitate and provides counseling and coping mechanism, and adjustments techniques to the reentry individuals transitioning from jails and prisons as well as helping their family members with the life adjustments and understanding chronic disorders, pharmacological regimens and management.
(904) 344-0689 View (904) 344-0689
Photo of Chad Backer, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Chad Backer
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32205
Does the stress from the hassles of daily living seem like there’s no end in sight? Do you feel like you’re not making any progress despite your efforts? Any combination of work, school, social or home life can be enough to overwhelm you. Instead of progress, you reach for distractions to give momentary relief. However, when you look up the stress has multiplied. Now it seems that much more difficult to address.
Does the stress from the hassles of daily living seem like there’s no end in sight? Do you feel like you’re not making any progress despite your efforts? Any combination of work, school, social or home life can be enough to overwhelm you. Instead of progress, you reach for distractions to give momentary relief. However, when you look up the stress has multiplied. Now it seems that much more difficult to address.
(904) 637-7985 View (904) 637-7985
Photo of Nancy St Claire Rice, Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Nancy St Claire Rice
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207  (Online Only)
I offer a safe, empathetic space to help you on your path. As a licensed counselor and cultural anthropologist with 25 years of experience, I bring a unique perspective to my work. Whether you’re dealing with general life stressors or more complex mental health concerns, I offer personalized guidance and support to navigate challenges. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, cultural sensitivity, and a deep commitment to helping individuals achieve their goals. ※Telehealth in FL, TX, AZ ※To learn more, visit my website at: www.stclairecounseling.com
I offer a safe, empathetic space to help you on your path. As a licensed counselor and cultural anthropologist with 25 years of experience, I bring a unique perspective to my work. Whether you’re dealing with general life stressors or more complex mental health concerns, I offer personalized guidance and support to navigate challenges. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, cultural sensitivity, and a deep commitment to helping individuals achieve their goals. ※Telehealth in FL, TX, AZ ※To learn more, visit my website at: www.stclairecounseling.com
(904) 822-7538 View (904) 822-7538
Photo of Elan Santiago (Not Currently Accepting Clients), Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Elan Santiago (Not Currently Accepting Clients)
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32225
Not accepting new clients
It takes courage to be vulnerable and open oneself to a stranger. Even more so to recognize the need for a safe space and a listening ear. The memories of the past, priorities of the present, and obligations of the future can seem like impossible mountains to climb. As a counselor, I will walk with you on your journey over the boulders of life, whether you’re seeking to reach the summit or come down from the mountain. In my life, I’ve had a variety of positive and negative experiences as a student, veteran, facilitator, and parent. My roles in corporate, school, non-profit, and inpatient settings have aided me as a counselor.
It takes courage to be vulnerable and open oneself to a stranger. Even more so to recognize the need for a safe space and a listening ear. The memories of the past, priorities of the present, and obligations of the future can seem like impossible mountains to climb. As a counselor, I will walk with you on your journey over the boulders of life, whether you’re seeking to reach the summit or come down from the mountain. In my life, I’ve had a variety of positive and negative experiences as a student, veteran, facilitator, and parent. My roles in corporate, school, non-profit, and inpatient settings have aided me as a counselor.
Photo of Tim Albro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Tim Albro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32204
Not accepting new clients
I believe relationships to be essential to how we develop into ourselves and extend ourselves to have a positive impact in our work, families, and communities. I think that many people seek therapy to unlock the love, hope, and dignity we all have available to us, and which sometimes become inaccessible or obscured by our fears and past hurts. I am interested in understanding and exploring your concerns, and finding ways to address them together in a safe and secure healing relationship.
I believe relationships to be essential to how we develop into ourselves and extend ourselves to have a positive impact in our work, families, and communities. I think that many people seek therapy to unlock the love, hope, and dignity we all have available to us, and which sometimes become inaccessible or obscured by our fears and past hurts. I am interested in understanding and exploring your concerns, and finding ways to address them together in a safe and secure healing relationship.
(904) 474-3901 View (904) 474-3901
Photo of Chelita Holland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Chelita Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32210  (Online Only)
Humanistic approach designed to support each individual optimize their strengths, find balance within their daily lives, as well as identify and pursue their personal goals.
Humanistic approach designed to support each individual optimize their strengths, find balance within their daily lives, as well as identify and pursue their personal goals.
(904) 944-6545 View (904) 944-6545
Photo of Detoshia A Stephens, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Jacksonville, FL
Detoshia A Stephens
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32257
"Accepting New Clients"......Anchor Life Clinic . Is a professional and licensed (Private Practice). Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or any other issue, you should know that there is hope for a better tomorrow. You might be initially hesitant to seek out help and support for personal matters, but when you do, you will feel confident that you are taking a courageous first step towards getting to a better place and being a better you.Let me help with "Snatching Your Life BACK"
"Accepting New Clients"......Anchor Life Clinic . Is a professional and licensed (Private Practice). Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or any other issue, you should know that there is hope for a better tomorrow. You might be initially hesitant to seek out help and support for personal matters, but when you do, you will feel confident that you are taking a courageous first step towards getting to a better place and being a better you.Let me help with "Snatching Your Life BACK"
(904) 977-5508 View (904) 977-5508
Photo of Michael James, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Michael James
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32227  (Online Only)
One afternoon I told my wife that after another tour, I would be leaving the U.S. Coast Guard for a very different career. Serving my country and the men and women of the U.S. Coast Guard is one of the greatest honors and privileges of my life. After serving for nine years I knew that directly assisting and serving people is the life-giving work of my heart. I became a Social Worker and therapist because it is my greatest joy and pleasure to support you as you unify all your strengths and gifts to release your Faith, Hope, and Love into society.
One afternoon I told my wife that after another tour, I would be leaving the U.S. Coast Guard for a very different career. Serving my country and the men and women of the U.S. Coast Guard is one of the greatest honors and privileges of my life. After serving for nine years I knew that directly assisting and serving people is the life-giving work of my heart. I became a Social Worker and therapist because it is my greatest joy and pleasure to support you as you unify all your strengths and gifts to release your Faith, Hope, and Love into society.
(904) 601-0187 View (904) 601-0187
Photo of Kinga Evert, LMHC, Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Kinga Evert, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207
The primary focus of my practice is working with individuals who have experienced traumatic events in their life. Through the use of EMDR and other traditional cognitive behavioral therapies, my clients and I work together to achieve day-to-day functional successes as well as overall personal growth and development of positive relationships.
The primary focus of my practice is working with individuals who have experienced traumatic events in their life. Through the use of EMDR and other traditional cognitive behavioral therapies, my clients and I work together to achieve day-to-day functional successes as well as overall personal growth and development of positive relationships.
(904) 432-3745 View (904) 432-3745
Photo of Glendys G. Mendez in Jacksonville, FL
Glendys G. Mendez
FNP-BC, ARNP
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32226  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I help someone who values their health as much as they do their family. I'm proactive about providing care and I'm eager to understand my client's well-being. Their issues might range from managing chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension to seeking guidance on preventive measures for themselves and their loved ones. I am a healthcare provider who not only addresses their physical ailments but also takes the time to understand their emotional and mental health needs. My goals are holistic – I want them to lead a fulfilling life with optimal health so they can enjoy every moment with their family and pursue their passion.
I help someone who values their health as much as they do their family. I'm proactive about providing care and I'm eager to understand my client's well-being. Their issues might range from managing chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension to seeking guidance on preventive measures for themselves and their loved ones. I am a healthcare provider who not only addresses their physical ailments but also takes the time to understand their emotional and mental health needs. My goals are holistic – I want them to lead a fulfilling life with optimal health so they can enjoy every moment with their family and pursue their passion.
Photo of Deborah Wood Hanna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Deborah Wood Hanna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207  (Online Only)
Many of us today are finding life’s challenges overwhelming, and may be feeling unsettled and anxious, or down and depressed. We may feel that our relationships are suffering, or that our deeper traumas have been triggered, making it difficult to cope.
Many of us today are finding life’s challenges overwhelming, and may be feeling unsettled and anxious, or down and depressed. We may feel that our relationships are suffering, or that our deeper traumas have been triggered, making it difficult to cope.
(904) 694-5363 View (904) 694-5363
Photo of Katie Kowal, Pre-Licensed Professional in Jacksonville, FL
Katie Kowal
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32225  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is willing to take that first step toward wellness, eager to explore areas of their life where they may be struggling. I encourage my clients to be themselves and offer a safe space for the healing journey to begin. I want my clients to feel heard and to provide feedback as to what they are or are not getting out of their therapy. This is your time, and I want you to make the most of it!
My ideal client is willing to take that first step toward wellness, eager to explore areas of their life where they may be struggling. I encourage my clients to be themselves and offer a safe space for the healing journey to begin. I want my clients to feel heard and to provide feedback as to what they are or are not getting out of their therapy. This is your time, and I want you to make the most of it!
(904) 747-6844 View (904) 747-6844
Photo of Teresa Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Teresa Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Are you struggling with life's daily challenges? Do you feel inadequate and can't measure up, no matter how hard you try? Are you having difficulty coping with a recent loss? Have you poured all of yourself into others & now find yourself empty? Do you feel all alone & that no one understands you? I'm here to help you gain the tools needed to manage daily life more effectively so you can live a happier, more satisfying & fulfilling life. I specialize in working with adult individuals who are looking to find relief from the symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, negative relationships, grief, & trauma.
Are you struggling with life's daily challenges? Do you feel inadequate and can't measure up, no matter how hard you try? Are you having difficulty coping with a recent loss? Have you poured all of yourself into others & now find yourself empty? Do you feel all alone & that no one understands you? I'm here to help you gain the tools needed to manage daily life more effectively so you can live a happier, more satisfying & fulfilling life. I specialize in working with adult individuals who are looking to find relief from the symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, negative relationships, grief, & trauma.
(904) 606-9358 View (904) 606-9358
Photo of Tracy Packiam Alloway, Psychologist in Jacksonville, FL
Tracy Packiam Alloway
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32224
I am passionate about supporting those with learning needs, including ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, and anxiety. I recently published a series of children's books that celebrates their positive traits (on Amazon). I have led multiple large-scale government-funded grants and worked with thousands of families along the way. I have expertise in using DBT (Dialectical behavior therapy ) to support individuals with mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. I also host a weekly TV segment on Mental Wellness (WJXT).
I am passionate about supporting those with learning needs, including ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, and anxiety. I recently published a series of children's books that celebrates their positive traits (on Amazon). I have led multiple large-scale government-funded grants and worked with thousands of families along the way. I have expertise in using DBT (Dialectical behavior therapy ) to support individuals with mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. I also host a weekly TV segment on Mental Wellness (WJXT).
(904) 747-8558 View (904) 747-8558
Photo of Cultivating the Mind, Body, & Soul, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern in Jacksonville, FL
Cultivating the Mind, Body, & Soul
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW, RCSWI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32205  (Online Only)
Your present circumstances don’t determine where you go; they merely determine where you start (Nido Qubein). My name is Sade’ Kirkpatrick with Cultivating the Mind, Body, and Soul. I want to extend a warm welcome to you as you begin your journey towards improved mental health and well-being. It takes courage to seek help, and I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Your present circumstances don’t determine where you go; they merely determine where you start (Nido Qubein). My name is Sade’ Kirkpatrick with Cultivating the Mind, Body, and Soul. I want to extend a warm welcome to you as you begin your journey towards improved mental health and well-being. It takes courage to seek help, and I'm here to support you every step of the way.
(904) 664-7392 View (904) 664-7392
Photo of Suzanne Sinnwell, Mental Health Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Suzanne Sinnwell
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32223
Not accepting new clients
Thank you very much for considering me to be a part of your personal growth. I understand that seeking support and choosing a therapist is a difficult decision. It is my hope that you and I can work together to achieve your goals. I specialize in reducing distressing symptoms and negative beliefs about yourself as related to traumatic memories. I primarily work with individuals and other therapists who experience symptoms related to traumatic memories, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Together we will work on changing the narrative that keeps you stuck or hurting.
Thank you very much for considering me to be a part of your personal growth. I understand that seeking support and choosing a therapist is a difficult decision. It is my hope that you and I can work together to achieve your goals. I specialize in reducing distressing symptoms and negative beliefs about yourself as related to traumatic memories. I primarily work with individuals and other therapists who experience symptoms related to traumatic memories, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Together we will work on changing the narrative that keeps you stuck or hurting.
(904) 875-5549 View (904) 875-5549
Photo of Michelle Barker Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Jacksonville, FL
Michelle Barker Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MCAP, ICRCADC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32217  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you new to therapy? Not sure if it works or if you even want to try it out? These are some of the questions that may have brought you to Psychology Today. A therapist should be someone you can speak open and honestly to about concerns. As a child who experienced parents within the prison system, single parenting, divorce, and living in a low socio-economic status, I have much personal experience with dealing with obstacles life has thrown at me. With both life experiences and years of substance abuse counseling, relating to my clients with empathy and sympathy comes naturally.
Are you new to therapy? Not sure if it works or if you even want to try it out? These are some of the questions that may have brought you to Psychology Today. A therapist should be someone you can speak open and honestly to about concerns. As a child who experienced parents within the prison system, single parenting, divorce, and living in a low socio-economic status, I have much personal experience with dealing with obstacles life has thrown at me. With both life experiences and years of substance abuse counseling, relating to my clients with empathy and sympathy comes naturally.
(904) 310-1594 View (904) 310-1594
Photo of Connie E Clark, Counselor in Jacksonville, FL
Connie E Clark
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CST, CSAT, CPTT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32211
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming and very difficult. Relationships can be the source of much joy, but also much pain. Combine that with depression, loss, or grief and you have one toxic mix which contributes to issues of one's health and wellness.Talking about your problems with a non-judgmental, understanding, and caring professional can help with life's questions, pain, and problems. One's identity is the most important thing to carry through life; and when it is buried underneath mounds of culture, gender, sexuality, family, job, religion, expectations, and responsibilities; you don't know where your identity begins
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming and very difficult. Relationships can be the source of much joy, but also much pain. Combine that with depression, loss, or grief and you have one toxic mix which contributes to issues of one's health and wellness.Talking about your problems with a non-judgmental, understanding, and caring professional can help with life's questions, pain, and problems. One's identity is the most important thing to carry through life; and when it is buried underneath mounds of culture, gender, sexuality, family, job, religion, expectations, and responsibilities; you don't know where your identity begins
(904) 513-2452 View (904) 513-2452

See more therapy options for Jacksonville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Jacksonville, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Coping Skills
75% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
79% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Jacksonville, FL see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jacksonville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.