Therapists in Smithtown, NY

Photo of Lanie Chesser Terrana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Lanie Chesser Terrana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Life can be tough. We sometimes find ourselves feeling unfulfilled, anxious, depressed, and stressed. I work with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, older adults, veterans, and families. I have a broad scope of clinical experience, including supporting clients with depression, anxiety, marital conflict, career transition, and trauma. I believe healing is best accomplished by addressing challenges through a holistic lens which includes the mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of ourselves.
Life can be tough. We sometimes find ourselves feeling unfulfilled, anxious, depressed, and stressed. I work with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, older adults, veterans, and families. I have a broad scope of clinical experience, including supporting clients with depression, anxiety, marital conflict, career transition, and trauma. I believe healing is best accomplished by addressing challenges through a holistic lens which includes the mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of ourselves.
(631) 646-2048 View (631) 646-2048
Photo of Eden Health & Faith-Based Mental Wellness in Smithtown, NY
Eden Health & Faith-Based Mental Wellness
RN, LMHC, Hypno-, therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
Visit www.EdenHealthMentalWellness.com for detailed information on how we can work together to help you address and overcome symptoms of trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep or eating disorders, and do so on the levels of body (physically), mind (mentally), and spirit (emotionally). Call 646.859.0190 today if you are ready to schedule an intake, or, for new clients only, to schedule a free 15min phone consult. Currently offering in-person, video and telecounseling services. In-person sessions are facilitated in Smithtown, NY on Long Island.
Visit www.EdenHealthMentalWellness.com for detailed information on how we can work together to help you address and overcome symptoms of trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep or eating disorders, and do so on the levels of body (physically), mind (mentally), and spirit (emotionally). Call 646.859.0190 today if you are ready to schedule an intake, or, for new clients only, to schedule a free 15min phone consult. Currently offering in-person, video and telecounseling services. In-person sessions are facilitated in Smithtown, NY on Long Island.
(646) 859-0190 View (646) 859-0190
Photo of Cara Stamm in Smithtown, NY
Cara Stamm
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
When you can't always control what is happening, you can learn to control the way you respond. Being kind to your mind is to learn to accept and manage emotions. You deserve a safe space to flourish and prioritize your well-being. I can provide that for you!
When you can't always control what is happening, you can learn to control the way you respond. Being kind to your mind is to learn to accept and manage emotions. You deserve a safe space to flourish and prioritize your well-being. I can provide that for you!
(631) 407-0902 View (631) 407-0902
Photo of Jeffrey Kaplan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Jeffrey Kaplan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I am best able to assist those who struggle with competitive relationships, and feelings of being on the losing side in their interactions with those they love. I have seen couples, individuals, and entire families struggling with attempts to force one another to 'win' arguments, only to find that they never seem to go away fully. Many times, other issues such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders,sexual dysfunction or substance abuse becomes the main issue which families show to others the competitive nature which occurs within the family system, and are most concerned when they call for an initial session.
I am best able to assist those who struggle with competitive relationships, and feelings of being on the losing side in their interactions with those they love. I have seen couples, individuals, and entire families struggling with attempts to force one another to 'win' arguments, only to find that they never seem to go away fully. Many times, other issues such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders,sexual dysfunction or substance abuse becomes the main issue which families show to others the competitive nature which occurs within the family system, and are most concerned when they call for an initial session.
(631) 657-4043 View (631) 657-4043
Photo of Island Psychological Services, PC, Psychologist in Smithtown, NY
Island Psychological Services, PC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
Dr. Christine Spence is a Cognitive Behavioral Psychologist. She creates a supportive environment in which clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit them from reaching their full potential. Her insight into client's strengths and weakness allows her the opportunity to model new behaviors, foster their development of healthier more constructive emotions and help them obtain a refreshed outlook on life. She helps provide each individual with the necessary tools and guidance to overcome milestones to increase their self-esteem, potentially more satisfying relationships and a better quality of life.
Dr. Christine Spence is a Cognitive Behavioral Psychologist. She creates a supportive environment in which clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit them from reaching their full potential. Her insight into client's strengths and weakness allows her the opportunity to model new behaviors, foster their development of healthier more constructive emotions and help them obtain a refreshed outlook on life. She helps provide each individual with the necessary tools and guidance to overcome milestones to increase their self-esteem, potentially more satisfying relationships and a better quality of life.
(631) 380-4188 View (631) 380-4188
Photo of JML Mental Health Counselor PC, Counselor in Smithtown, NY
JML Mental Health Counselor PC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." I am a compassionate and experienced therapist attending to the needs of children, adolescents, adults, families, and victims of relationship abuse. The goal for treatment is to keep it short term, work collaboratively as we identify the issues, set goals and monitor progress to ensure good treatment outcomes.
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." I am a compassionate and experienced therapist attending to the needs of children, adolescents, adults, families, and victims of relationship abuse. The goal for treatment is to keep it short term, work collaboratively as we identify the issues, set goals and monitor progress to ensure good treatment outcomes.
(631) 973-6036 View (631) 973-6036
Photo of Sarah Cupka in Smithtown, NY
Sarah Cupka
MHC-LP, CAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I see you. I hear you. I understand the pain you're going through. You've been through emotional, physical or sexual abuse at the hands of someone who was supposed to love and protect you. It's not your fault, and I am here to help you overcome the pain and regain control of your life.  Mood swings, intense anxiety, feeling inadequate as a parent, codependency and struggling with your identity are all completely understandable responses. My goal is to help you learn to trust your judgment, embrace your flaws, and rediscover your worth.  You deserve love, happiness, and a bright future. I am here to help you achieve those goals.
I see you. I hear you. I understand the pain you're going through. You've been through emotional, physical or sexual abuse at the hands of someone who was supposed to love and protect you. It's not your fault, and I am here to help you overcome the pain and regain control of your life.  Mood swings, intense anxiety, feeling inadequate as a parent, codependency and struggling with your identity are all completely understandable responses. My goal is to help you learn to trust your judgment, embrace your flaws, and rediscover your worth.  You deserve love, happiness, and a bright future. I am here to help you achieve those goals.
(934) 203-8456 View (934) 203-8456
Photo of Karina Schneidman in Smithtown, NY
Karina Schneidman
MS, MBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
I am a melting pot of different cultures, which I incorporate into my work of helping people heal. I have lived on different continents - Europe, the Middle East, and America, as well as different parts of the US - West Coast, the South, finally settling on the East Coast. I am an immigrant, my children are first generation Americans, while my spouse's family has been here for generations. This extensive travel has allowed me to learn about many different cultures, which help me connect and relate to people of all walks of life.
I am a melting pot of different cultures, which I incorporate into my work of helping people heal. I have lived on different continents - Europe, the Middle East, and America, as well as different parts of the US - West Coast, the South, finally settling on the East Coast. I am an immigrant, my children are first generation Americans, while my spouse's family has been here for generations. This extensive travel has allowed me to learn about many different cultures, which help me connect and relate to people of all walks of life.
(631) 407-2776 View (631) 407-2776
Photo of Samantha Quinn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Samantha Quinn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
You’ve come to the right place. Asking for help is such a big step and can be so challenging for so many. If you or a loved one is struggling with anxiety, depression, or behavioral issues, I can help. I provide a safe and nurturing environment for clients to identify, understand and heal. Depending on the individual, we’d use evidenced based treatments to bridge you to a place where you’re feeling better and able to experience joy in your life.
You’ve come to the right place. Asking for help is such a big step and can be so challenging for so many. If you or a loved one is struggling with anxiety, depression, or behavioral issues, I can help. I provide a safe and nurturing environment for clients to identify, understand and heal. Depending on the individual, we’d use evidenced based treatments to bridge you to a place where you’re feeling better and able to experience joy in your life.
(631) 651-1613 View (631) 651-1613
Photo of Lynn C Moses, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Lynn C Moses
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Not accepting new clients
With over 20 years of experience in treating trauma, grief, depression and anxiety with adults, I create a custom tailored treatment approach for each individual. I believe in providing a safe, comfortable and warm environment in order for my clients to reach the goals that will help them create a happy and healthy life.
With over 20 years of experience in treating trauma, grief, depression and anxiety with adults, I create a custom tailored treatment approach for each individual. I believe in providing a safe, comfortable and warm environment in order for my clients to reach the goals that will help them create a happy and healthy life.
(631) 925-2058 View (631) 925-2058
Photo of Rosemary Marcaccio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Rosemary Marcaccio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
As an energetic, positive and compassionate healer, I will work with you to understand the origins of your coping strategies and to rid yourself of behaviors that no longer serve you. I am dedicated to teaching self love and compassion, which positively impacts every area of life. Allow me to guide you on your journey of healing with a strengths based approach to improve your health and vitality as well as reach your highest potential!
As an energetic, positive and compassionate healer, I will work with you to understand the origins of your coping strategies and to rid yourself of behaviors that no longer serve you. I am dedicated to teaching self love and compassion, which positively impacts every area of life. Allow me to guide you on your journey of healing with a strengths based approach to improve your health and vitality as well as reach your highest potential!
(516) 246-2901 View (516) 246-2901
Photo of Andrew Parisi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Andrew Parisi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years experience in the field of mental health and addiction. I have extensive experience working with individuals diagnosed with mood disorders and personality disorders but also treat behavioral issues, anger management, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. My philosophy on addiction recovery is rooted in the 12 steps. I prefer an eclectic approach when it comes to treatment in order to foster growth and promote self-awareness. I am reality based and have a genuine desire to help individuals grow emotionally and spiritually in order to get results with their difficulties while offering unconditional acceptance versus enabling.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years experience in the field of mental health and addiction. I have extensive experience working with individuals diagnosed with mood disorders and personality disorders but also treat behavioral issues, anger management, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. My philosophy on addiction recovery is rooted in the 12 steps. I prefer an eclectic approach when it comes to treatment in order to foster growth and promote self-awareness. I am reality based and have a genuine desire to help individuals grow emotionally and spiritually in order to get results with their difficulties while offering unconditional acceptance versus enabling.
(631) 830-0059 View (631) 830-0059
Photo of Erica Whitehurst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Erica Whitehurst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first step towards a more positive life as it takes a great deal of courage to begin your therapeutic journey. When taking that step, I strive to offer individuals a safe and empowering space in which we can work together to establish a therapeutic relationship where you can feel safe in disclosing your inner self which can lead towards healing and change.
Congratulations on taking the first step towards a more positive life as it takes a great deal of courage to begin your therapeutic journey. When taking that step, I strive to offer individuals a safe and empowering space in which we can work together to establish a therapeutic relationship where you can feel safe in disclosing your inner self which can lead towards healing and change.
(631) 791-6855 View (631) 791-6855
Photo of Dana M. Valdemira, Counselor in Smithtown, NY
Dana M. Valdemira
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
The key to living a happy, healthy and whole life is having the ability to identify, process and replace the negative thoughts and behaviors that hinder one from achieving their ideal self. As a psychotherapist, my goal is to help each patient become more self aware so that their emotional/mental self and physical self are aligned. Together we will discuss a treatment plan that will help to address the presenting issues at hand and assist one in attaining their personal therapeutic goals. I pride myself on the ability to create a comfortable atmosphere which allows for open, honest communication.
The key to living a happy, healthy and whole life is having the ability to identify, process and replace the negative thoughts and behaviors that hinder one from achieving their ideal self. As a psychotherapist, my goal is to help each patient become more self aware so that their emotional/mental self and physical self are aligned. Together we will discuss a treatment plan that will help to address the presenting issues at hand and assist one in attaining their personal therapeutic goals. I pride myself on the ability to create a comfortable atmosphere which allows for open, honest communication.
(516) 362-2325 View (516) 362-2325
Photo of Contemplative Counseling & Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Contemplative Counseling & Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, marriag, couples, family, therapi
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Within a safe, empathetic and non-judgemental environment I will collaboratively work with you to identify your needs and goals. With compassion, empathy and care for all who find themselves in need, I strive to provide the best help possible based on current research. I will journey with you as you forge new paths in your life, within your relationships. Whether you are experiencing feelings of despair, loneliness, a sense of disconnect or you have a history of significant loss, trauma, unsatisfying relationships; Intimacy issues, life long feelings of sadness, of not fitting in, belonging, unable to experience true joy,I'm here.
Within a safe, empathetic and non-judgemental environment I will collaboratively work with you to identify your needs and goals. With compassion, empathy and care for all who find themselves in need, I strive to provide the best help possible based on current research. I will journey with you as you forge new paths in your life, within your relationships. Whether you are experiencing feelings of despair, loneliness, a sense of disconnect or you have a history of significant loss, trauma, unsatisfying relationships; Intimacy issues, life long feelings of sadness, of not fitting in, belonging, unable to experience true joy,I'm here.
(631) 257-7668 View (631) 257-7668
Photo of Linda Sleszynski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Linda Sleszynski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Learn to treat yourself with the same kindness you so easily extend to others! You may have previously examined your childhood issues in therapy yet still struggle with your self-esteem. You may judge yourself harshly, placing your needs last. You may experience difficulties in relationships or dealing with painful transitions, or feel you have lost your sense of self. My nearly 20 years as a Clinician coupled with advanced training allows me to work with you on a meaningful and compassionate level you have not experienced previously. Learn to appreciate your sensitivities and vulnerabilities as strengths, not weaknesses.
Learn to treat yourself with the same kindness you so easily extend to others! You may have previously examined your childhood issues in therapy yet still struggle with your self-esteem. You may judge yourself harshly, placing your needs last. You may experience difficulties in relationships or dealing with painful transitions, or feel you have lost your sense of self. My nearly 20 years as a Clinician coupled with advanced training allows me to work with you on a meaningful and compassionate level you have not experienced previously. Learn to appreciate your sensitivities and vulnerabilities as strengths, not weaknesses.
(631) 830-0128 View (631) 830-0128
Photo of Regina Ongioni Fletcher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Regina Ongioni Fletcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life has many stages and painful times that we live through that include relationship difficulties, family problems, aging, illnesses and bereavement. I provide non judgmental guidance without an agenda focusing on the patient's needs. I help them work toward what they want to achieve or change and together create concrete short and long term goals, integrating them into daily living. There is no pressure, only understanding and support for them to achieve what their focus is for the present and future.
Life has many stages and painful times that we live through that include relationship difficulties, family problems, aging, illnesses and bereavement. I provide non judgmental guidance without an agenda focusing on the patient's needs. I help them work toward what they want to achieve or change and together create concrete short and long term goals, integrating them into daily living. There is no pressure, only understanding and support for them to achieve what their focus is for the present and future.
(631) 857-4643 View (631) 857-4643
Photo of Kristina Cross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Kristina Cross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
My name is Kristina Cross. I am a Licensed Master Social Worker and psychotherapist. I specialize in helping adolescents and young adults (12-25) develop the skills to manage their anxiety and related concerns. I believe in working collaboratively with young adults, teens, and their families to provide tailored, effective care that supports teens in taking their lives back from anxiety.
My name is Kristina Cross. I am a Licensed Master Social Worker and psychotherapist. I specialize in helping adolescents and young adults (12-25) develop the skills to manage their anxiety and related concerns. I believe in working collaboratively with young adults, teens, and their families to provide tailored, effective care that supports teens in taking their lives back from anxiety.
(914) 292-3878 View (914) 292-3878
Photo of Rachel Cunningham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Rachel Cunningham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
TODAY is the day to start improving your emotional wellness. I believe therapy is a vehicle to become emotionally secure, balanced, fulfilled and happy. My promise to you is to create a safe space to unfold, unravel and rebuild. We will explore the sources of negativity in your life and practice coping skills to heal by finding your happiness! Please note, I am a proud member of a practice, Cunningham Counseling Services, and we offer multiple services listed below. Not all ‘specialties’ listed are unique to me but it is my mission to connect you to the best therapist for your healing & happiness!
TODAY is the day to start improving your emotional wellness. I believe therapy is a vehicle to become emotionally secure, balanced, fulfilled and happy. My promise to you is to create a safe space to unfold, unravel and rebuild. We will explore the sources of negativity in your life and practice coping skills to heal by finding your happiness! Please note, I am a proud member of a practice, Cunningham Counseling Services, and we offer multiple services listed below. Not all ‘specialties’ listed are unique to me but it is my mission to connect you to the best therapist for your healing & happiness!
(631) 309-2126 View (631) 309-2126
Photo of Molly Ryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Molly Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I utilize a holistic trauma informed lens to work collaboratively with those seeking help to live fuller, more satisfying lives. In our work together I can help you recognize the impact of stress and trauma on the mind, body, and spirit using evidence-based approaches grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as yoga, mindfulness, and creative expression. Together we will explore emotions in a non-judgmental space, reframe unhelpful thoughts or beliefs that no longer serve your highest good, and come up with practical solutions that help you feel more grounded, calm, and in control of your own life.
I utilize a holistic trauma informed lens to work collaboratively with those seeking help to live fuller, more satisfying lives. In our work together I can help you recognize the impact of stress and trauma on the mind, body, and spirit using evidence-based approaches grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as yoga, mindfulness, and creative expression. Together we will explore emotions in a non-judgmental space, reframe unhelpful thoughts or beliefs that no longer serve your highest good, and come up with practical solutions that help you feel more grounded, calm, and in control of your own life.
(631) 868-5367 View (631) 868-5367

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Smithtown, NY

300+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Smithtown, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
78% Coping Skills
71% Stress
66% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Smithtown, NY see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Smithtown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.