Therapists in Richardson, TX

Photo of Wynne Shaw, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Wynne Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
Are you worried about your child? Is s/he struggling with behavioral or emotional problems, loss, or trauma? Are you at the end of your rope? Things can get better but you can't do it alone, and that's where I come in. I work with good kids from good families who just need a little help to get through a rough time. I help kids work through underlying issues and develop healthy coping skills. I give parents practical tools and emotional support. Contact me today to set up an appointment or to schedule a free, no obligation consultation.
Are you worried about your child? Is s/he struggling with behavioral or emotional problems, loss, or trauma? Are you at the end of your rope? Things can get better but you can't do it alone, and that's where I come in. I work with good kids from good families who just need a little help to get through a rough time. I help kids work through underlying issues and develop healthy coping skills. I give parents practical tools and emotional support. Contact me today to set up an appointment or to schedule a free, no obligation consultation.
(972) 268-7873 View (972) 268-7873
Photo of Rebecca S. Faggett, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Richardson, TX
Rebecca S. Faggett
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Striving to be excellent at all the things has become a lot to carry on your own and with all the "great things" going on in your life, it has become really difficult to admit how overwhelming it can be in your head. Work is stressful, your family and friends don't really understand and well, you're having some imposter syndrome and your spouse or lack there of is another conversation. It's so much. Almost too much. You just want to make sense of it and turn down some of the noise in your head. Maybe find a way to not feel so heavy all the time.
Striving to be excellent at all the things has become a lot to carry on your own and with all the "great things" going on in your life, it has become really difficult to admit how overwhelming it can be in your head. Work is stressful, your family and friends don't really understand and well, you're having some imposter syndrome and your spouse or lack there of is another conversation. It's so much. Almost too much. You just want to make sense of it and turn down some of the noise in your head. Maybe find a way to not feel so heavy all the time.
(214) 833-8193 View (214) 833-8193
Photo of Caroline Heard Drinkwater, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Caroline Heard Drinkwater
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
I love working with clients who are seeking to identify and change patterns in thought, communication, and relationships. My clients are individuals and couples who are experiencing struggles and roadblocks in how they view and interact with themselves and others. I enjoy helping people grow in awareness of what is causing their issues and learn how to effect change in their lives and relationships. I offer clients a safe place to experience and process their emotions, identify unhelpful patterns and learn healthy coping skills.
I love working with clients who are seeking to identify and change patterns in thought, communication, and relationships. My clients are individuals and couples who are experiencing struggles and roadblocks in how they view and interact with themselves and others. I enjoy helping people grow in awareness of what is causing their issues and learn how to effect change in their lives and relationships. I offer clients a safe place to experience and process their emotions, identify unhelpful patterns and learn healthy coping skills.
(469) 515-7784 View (469) 515-7784
Photo of Mona A Alnaeemi Ph.d., Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Richardson, TX
Mona A Alnaeemi Ph.d.
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LCDC, HSBCP
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
My passion lies in utilizing my education, experience, and skills to empower individuals to build upon their strengths and navigate their weaknesses. Recognizing the inherent difficulties in transitions, I am dedicated to helping clients establish new perspectives and discover healthy coping skills.
My passion lies in utilizing my education, experience, and skills to empower individuals to build upon their strengths and navigate their weaknesses. Recognizing the inherent difficulties in transitions, I am dedicated to helping clients establish new perspectives and discover healthy coping skills.
(469) 256-7842 View (469) 256-7842
Photo of Christian Gray Hering, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richardson, TX
Christian Gray Hering
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75083  (Online Only)
Do you feel trapped by irrational fears and worries? Are you avoiding places or activities because of anxiety? Have obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors started to control your life? Anxiety and panic can make daily life feel like a constant battle. Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors may offer some relief in the moment but end up taking over your life. If you're tired of living on edge, avoiding social situations, or feeling trapped in cycles of obsessive thinking and behavior, I can help.
Do you feel trapped by irrational fears and worries? Are you avoiding places or activities because of anxiety? Have obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors started to control your life? Anxiety and panic can make daily life feel like a constant battle. Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors may offer some relief in the moment but end up taking over your life. If you're tired of living on edge, avoiding social situations, or feeling trapped in cycles of obsessive thinking and behavior, I can help.
(972) 619-9605 View (972) 619-9605
Photo of Tillie Fredrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Tillie Fredrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CBMS
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
Welcome and thank you for considering me as your therapist. I think life brings difficult situations to all of us and many times we are overwhelmed with the emotional discomfort or mental confusion when attempting to address those issues. I have many years of experience working with people who have experienced a variety of emotional difficulties, relationship conflicts, and childhood trauma. In addition, I have assisted clients in preparing to participate in court regarding custody issues as well as addressing recommendations made by the court for parenting skills, anger management, and conflict resolution strategies. I offer a warm, safe, non-judgmental environment where you can share your struggles and explore ways to overcome them. I look forward to hearing from you.
Welcome and thank you for considering me as your therapist. I think life brings difficult situations to all of us and many times we are overwhelmed with the emotional discomfort or mental confusion when attempting to address those issues. I have many years of experience working with people who have experienced a variety of emotional difficulties, relationship conflicts, and childhood trauma. In addition, I have assisted clients in preparing to participate in court regarding custody issues as well as addressing recommendations made by the court for parenting skills, anger management, and conflict resolution strategies. I offer a warm, safe, non-judgmental environment where you can share your struggles and explore ways to overcome them. I look forward to hearing from you.
(214) 506-0332 View (214) 506-0332
Photo of Carolyn B Kingsley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Carolyn B Kingsley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
My clients tend to be people who march to the beat of their own drum. They know what it’s like to feel misunderstood, and some might go as far as to consider themselves “black sheep” or even outcasts. My approach to counseling involves embracing your unique identity and letting go of expectations others may have put onto you. Whether you are working through depression, anxiety, relationship troubles, or uncertainty, I want to help you become your most authentic self.
My clients tend to be people who march to the beat of their own drum. They know what it’s like to feel misunderstood, and some might go as far as to consider themselves “black sheep” or even outcasts. My approach to counseling involves embracing your unique identity and letting go of expectations others may have put onto you. Whether you are working through depression, anxiety, relationship troubles, or uncertainty, I want to help you become your most authentic self.
(778) 392-7795 View (778) 392-7795
Maria E Parides
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to my practice. I am a bilingual/multicultural Family Therapist specializing in individual, couples and family psychotherapy maintaining a warm and welcoming private practice in Richardson, Texas. It is my goal to provide the highest quality psychotherapeutic and consultation services tailored to your unique and specific needs. I invite you to contact me today to discuss how to begin your new journey. I have flexible schedule to enhance our commitment to serve you. Whenever possible, same or next day appointments are available.
I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to my practice. I am a bilingual/multicultural Family Therapist specializing in individual, couples and family psychotherapy maintaining a warm and welcoming private practice in Richardson, Texas. It is my goal to provide the highest quality psychotherapeutic and consultation services tailored to your unique and specific needs. I invite you to contact me today to discuss how to begin your new journey. I have flexible schedule to enhance our commitment to serve you. Whenever possible, same or next day appointments are available.
(972) 468-9852 View (972) 468-9852
Photo of Tamera Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richardson, TX
Tamera Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
Societal norms have taught us we should be at a certain place in our life by a certain age, generational traumas don't exist, being one gender or loving one gender is an anomaly and that being "traditional" is the road map to a happy life. The unrealistic expectations for who we are can be suffocating that it leaves us numb with no one to turn to. I am here to be your sacred friend, a pillar in self-discovery and offer a different perspective. I am here to watch you snatch your power back and indulge in having grace with yourself during this time of self-identity through self-awareness, self-care, self-love and self expression.
Societal norms have taught us we should be at a certain place in our life by a certain age, generational traumas don't exist, being one gender or loving one gender is an anomaly and that being "traditional" is the road map to a happy life. The unrealistic expectations for who we are can be suffocating that it leaves us numb with no one to turn to. I am here to be your sacred friend, a pillar in self-discovery and offer a different perspective. I am here to watch you snatch your power back and indulge in having grace with yourself during this time of self-identity through self-awareness, self-care, self-love and self expression.
(214) 623-6617 View (214) 623-6617
Photo of Bret Martin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Richardson, TX
Bret Martin
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
My approach to therapy is based on getting to know people as individuals, and then tailoring treatment to meet their unique needs. I do not believe in a “one-size-fits-all” approach to treatment. I am also an avid believer in respecting the vulnerability and privacy that are key to developing a productive therapeutic alliance. I collaborate with patients to help them identify their treatment goals, then achieve those goals in the manner that is right for them.
My approach to therapy is based on getting to know people as individuals, and then tailoring treatment to meet their unique needs. I do not believe in a “one-size-fits-all” approach to treatment. I am also an avid believer in respecting the vulnerability and privacy that are key to developing a productive therapeutic alliance. I collaborate with patients to help them identify their treatment goals, then achieve those goals in the manner that is right for them.
(972) 433-9803 View (972) 433-9803
Photo of Maria LaVorgna-Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Maria LaVorgna-Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD MFT, LPC-S, ATR-BC, ATCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I am a seasoned professional who has the privilege to be in private practice for over 20 years, specializing in family therapy and the creative arts to resolve conflicts and dilemmas. As a credentialed and registered art therapist, I have a passion for my field helping people to open-up to their creativity. I receive tremendous joy working with children, women, couples and families as trained in my doctorate of marriage and family therapy. Key issues include: ADHD, Autism Spectrum, couples therapy, children of divorce, adoption issues, parenting issues, transgender and identity, spirituality, mood disorder, anxiety and depression.
I am a seasoned professional who has the privilege to be in private practice for over 20 years, specializing in family therapy and the creative arts to resolve conflicts and dilemmas. As a credentialed and registered art therapist, I have a passion for my field helping people to open-up to their creativity. I receive tremendous joy working with children, women, couples and families as trained in my doctorate of marriage and family therapy. Key issues include: ADHD, Autism Spectrum, couples therapy, children of divorce, adoption issues, parenting issues, transgender and identity, spirituality, mood disorder, anxiety and depression.
(469) 416-4354 View (469) 416-4354
Photo of Christopher Lemaire, Licensed Master Social Worker in Richardson, TX
Christopher Lemaire
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75081
I have a passion for working with youth who are navigating trauma, anxiety, identity, substance use, and other mental health issues. I'm specifically honored to serve LGBTQiA+ folks as a proud member of the queer community myself. I love helping anyone tap into their autonomy, self-love, find their strengths, and accomplish their goals. I practice harm reduction, which helps people determine how to do what they want to do (whether that be coming out as transgender or non-binary, building community, sexual exploration, drug use, etc.) to their own level of comfort and safety at their own pace.
I have a passion for working with youth who are navigating trauma, anxiety, identity, substance use, and other mental health issues. I'm specifically honored to serve LGBTQiA+ folks as a proud member of the queer community myself. I love helping anyone tap into their autonomy, self-love, find their strengths, and accomplish their goals. I practice harm reduction, which helps people determine how to do what they want to do (whether that be coming out as transgender or non-binary, building community, sexual exploration, drug use, etc.) to their own level of comfort and safety at their own pace.
(469) 947-7294 View (469) 947-7294
Photo of Dr. Amanda Proctor Abbott, Psychologist in Richardson, TX
Dr. Amanda Proctor Abbott
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
Waitlist for new clients
Are you ready to work towards building a more satisfying and meaningful life? You can expect sincerity, compassion, and to be appropriately challenged as we address your unique concerns and personal goals. I offer individual therapy services for adults and adolescents, and couples therapy services. My approach to therapy is based on a foundation of cognitive-behavioral theory with careful attention to interpersonal dynamics and existentialist influence. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that feels safe to explore your hurts and fears. Together we will help you move towards the life you want.
Are you ready to work towards building a more satisfying and meaningful life? You can expect sincerity, compassion, and to be appropriately challenged as we address your unique concerns and personal goals. I offer individual therapy services for adults and adolescents, and couples therapy services. My approach to therapy is based on a foundation of cognitive-behavioral theory with careful attention to interpersonal dynamics and existentialist influence. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that feels safe to explore your hurts and fears. Together we will help you move towards the life you want.
(469) 546-7787 View (469) 546-7787
Photo of Jessica Callahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Jessica Callahan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, RYT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
You deserve respect for your potential to grow and heal. Whether I am partnering with you through counseling, supervision, clinical consultation or therapeutic yoga, my priority is empowering you to recognize, access and live into your inner wisdom. It is human nature to thrive in safe connections, and I admire your bravery in recruiting someone to join you in your process. As we collaborate towards your personal or professional goals, I hope you’ll find yourself seen and heard, your worth honored, and your goals realized.
You deserve respect for your potential to grow and heal. Whether I am partnering with you through counseling, supervision, clinical consultation or therapeutic yoga, my priority is empowering you to recognize, access and live into your inner wisdom. It is human nature to thrive in safe connections, and I admire your bravery in recruiting someone to join you in your process. As we collaborate towards your personal or professional goals, I hope you’ll find yourself seen and heard, your worth honored, and your goals realized.
(214) 216-6663 View (214) 216-6663
Photo of Dan Kirkland MS, LPC-S Telehealth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Dan Kirkland MS, LPC-S Telehealth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Let's work together to move your life to the place you want it to be. Everyone gets stuck. We can get the ball rolling toward a better life! You can schedule your telehealth session easily by clicking the Schedule Now button on my website. Just pick it and click it! Or, you can call my number and leave a message if that is better for you, and I will return your call. As Level Three trained Gottman Relationship Therapist I will teach you the skills the Gottman Institute says will transform your relationship!
Let's work together to move your life to the place you want it to be. Everyone gets stuck. We can get the ball rolling toward a better life! You can schedule your telehealth session easily by clicking the Schedule Now button on my website. Just pick it and click it! Or, you can call my number and leave a message if that is better for you, and I will return your call. As Level Three trained Gottman Relationship Therapist I will teach you the skills the Gottman Institute says will transform your relationship!
(972) 349-0246 View (972) 349-0246
Photo of Dr. Molly Martinez, Psychologist in Richardson, TX
Dr. Molly Martinez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I specialize in treating adults, children & adolescents with OCD, anxiety & other mental and behavioral health issues using evidence-based, cognitive behavioral (CBT) strategies including exposure & response prevention (ERP). My work is guided by research on the most effective theory, approach, and strategies for OCD & anxiety. I am available for traditional outpatient therapy as well as more intensive "in vivo" treatment in your home, school, car, or wherever your symptoms are most problematic. I offer these non-traditional services because OCD & anxiety are most effectively treated wherever they "live" in your daily life.
I specialize in treating adults, children & adolescents with OCD, anxiety & other mental and behavioral health issues using evidence-based, cognitive behavioral (CBT) strategies including exposure & response prevention (ERP). My work is guided by research on the most effective theory, approach, and strategies for OCD & anxiety. I am available for traditional outpatient therapy as well as more intensive "in vivo" treatment in your home, school, car, or wherever your symptoms are most problematic. I offer these non-traditional services because OCD & anxiety are most effectively treated wherever they "live" in your daily life.
(214) 273-1852 View (214) 273-1852
Photo of Ruth Long, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Ruth Long
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SRT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I enjoy working with clients who have reached a place in their lives where they're looking for a better quality of life and need to address those issues that may be interfering with that goal. My goal is to walk along side you on this journey. We will work together through the ups and downs until we reach that place you've wanted to be.
I enjoy working with clients who have reached a place in their lives where they're looking for a better quality of life and need to address those issues that may be interfering with that goal. My goal is to walk along side you on this journey. We will work together through the ups and downs until we reach that place you've wanted to be.
(817) 380-1403 View (817) 380-1403
Photo of Stacey W. Farmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Stacey W. Farmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, DMin, LPC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Whether you need brief supportive therapy or have wounds from the past that are impacting you today, it is my goal to be a safe place for you. I work collaboratively with clients for a treatment plan that considers their spiritual, psychological, biological and social dimensions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Christ-follower and have extensive experience helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, obsessions, grief, loss, anger, sense of self, relationships and spiritual issues. Additionally, I am passionate about coming alongside adults who have wounds that are affecting present day living.
Whether you need brief supportive therapy or have wounds from the past that are impacting you today, it is my goal to be a safe place for you. I work collaboratively with clients for a treatment plan that considers their spiritual, psychological, biological and social dimensions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Christ-follower and have extensive experience helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, obsessions, grief, loss, anger, sense of self, relationships and spiritual issues. Additionally, I am passionate about coming alongside adults who have wounds that are affecting present day living.
(972) 992-1586 View (972) 992-1586
Photo of Jackie C Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Jackie C Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
I feel creativity, gratitude, humor, awareness and personal responsibility are important components in the therapy process. I encourage clients to be curious about their life and open to the changes that can occur. . I am committed to understanding the diverse backgrounds of my clients and consistently work to meet people where they are.
I feel creativity, gratitude, humor, awareness and personal responsibility are important components in the therapy process. I encourage clients to be curious about their life and open to the changes that can occur. . I am committed to understanding the diverse backgrounds of my clients and consistently work to meet people where they are.
(866) 739-7315 View (866) 739-7315
Photo of Audrey H Atkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richardson, TX
Audrey H Atkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
As a top honors graduate from Texas Wesleyan University, I have been trained by some of the best licensed professionals in the mental health field today. Having done my graduate practicum at Sante Center for Healing, I learned that treating clients from a holistic perspective gives them the skills they need in all areas to address their greatest concerns. As a client of mine, you will be asked to be an active participant in your therapy. The vast majority of my clients report more happiness and positive changes in their lives after only a short time as my client.
As a top honors graduate from Texas Wesleyan University, I have been trained by some of the best licensed professionals in the mental health field today. Having done my graduate practicum at Sante Center for Healing, I learned that treating clients from a holistic perspective gives them the skills they need in all areas to address their greatest concerns. As a client of mine, you will be asked to be an active participant in your therapy. The vast majority of my clients report more happiness and positive changes in their lives after only a short time as my client.
(940) 294-8001 View (940) 294-8001

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richardson, TX

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Richardson, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
71% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Richardson, TX see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richardson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.