Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Faith Marafino, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Faith Marafino
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, MT-BC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Have you ever considered the impact music can have on your emotional landscape? How does the music you listen to affect the way you feel? Do you find yourself craving certain types of musical experiences in correlation with specific emotions? Picture a therapeutic journey where the focus is on your, or your child's, preferences and strengths, utilizing those as a pilot for achieving your non-musical goals. Within the realm of therapeutic possibilities, consider the unique resonance that music holds for navigating life's many challenges.
Have you ever considered the impact music can have on your emotional landscape? How does the music you listen to affect the way you feel? Do you find yourself craving certain types of musical experiences in correlation with specific emotions? Picture a therapeutic journey where the focus is on your, or your child's, preferences and strengths, utilizing those as a pilot for achieving your non-musical goals. Within the realm of therapeutic possibilities, consider the unique resonance that music holds for navigating life's many challenges.
(929) 822-6361 View (929) 822-6361
Photo of Steven John Phillipson, Psychologist in New York, NY
Steven John Phillipson
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Our initial meeting will involve getting to be familiar with one another. Meeting a qualified expert whom you experience comfort and confidence with is essential to the beginning of a successful therapeutic experience. My expertise in psychology involves utilizing the state of the art treatment for a wide array of conditions. I am trained in utilizing behavioral and cognitive techniques. In addition I apply methods of mindfulness and acceptance based approaches.
Our initial meeting will involve getting to be familiar with one another. Meeting a qualified expert whom you experience comfort and confidence with is essential to the beginning of a successful therapeutic experience. My expertise in psychology involves utilizing the state of the art treatment for a wide array of conditions. I am trained in utilizing behavioral and cognitive techniques. In addition I apply methods of mindfulness and acceptance based approaches.
(646) 906-9738 x203 View (646) 906-9738 x203
Photo of Jessica Harmon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jessica Harmon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals who are open-minded, flexible, and motivated. You may be struggling with substance misuse, depression, stress, or anything in between, and my goal is to help you build your confidence so you can work through these challenges and setbacks.
I enjoy working with individuals who are open-minded, flexible, and motivated. You may be struggling with substance misuse, depression, stress, or anything in between, and my goal is to help you build your confidence so you can work through these challenges and setbacks.
(332) 378-5031 View (332) 378-5031
Photo of Tina Hsu in New York, NY
Tina Hsu
MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Hello and welcome to my practice. Many stressors in the modern world may make you feel overwhelmed and struggle to cope. Perhaps you are feeling unfulfilled in one or more areas. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, coping through substance use, or other mental health struggles that are impacting your quality of life. Seeking psychotherapy is not an easy step and requires the courage to choose to be vulnerable in entrusting your honest thoughts and feelings to a stranger. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment to explore issues that are important to you.
Hello and welcome to my practice. Many stressors in the modern world may make you feel overwhelmed and struggle to cope. Perhaps you are feeling unfulfilled in one or more areas. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, coping through substance use, or other mental health struggles that are impacting your quality of life. Seeking psychotherapy is not an easy step and requires the courage to choose to be vulnerable in entrusting your honest thoughts and feelings to a stranger. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment to explore issues that are important to you.
(347) 338-0574 View (347) 338-0574
Photo of Christopher Lorraine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Christopher Lorraine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, sad, anxious or angry? Are you dealing with the pain of past experiences that continue to impact your life and relationships? Therapy untangles difficult emotions and helps to inspire the insight and understanding that can lead to a more meaningful life, a healthier sense of self, and improved relationships. In our sessions, we can create a safe space for you to feel understood and empowered. We will actively collaborate together: to deepen your understanding of yourself, reduce emotional distress, create better ways of coping, and promote enduring healing.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, sad, anxious or angry? Are you dealing with the pain of past experiences that continue to impact your life and relationships? Therapy untangles difficult emotions and helps to inspire the insight and understanding that can lead to a more meaningful life, a healthier sense of self, and improved relationships. In our sessions, we can create a safe space for you to feel understood and empowered. We will actively collaborate together: to deepen your understanding of yourself, reduce emotional distress, create better ways of coping, and promote enduring healing.
(646) 681-2530 View (646) 681-2530
Photo of Alexander Rascovar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Alexander Rascovar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Are you someone in a creative industry struggling with anxiety and self doubt? Maybe you have a strong need to be accepted by others and never quite feel good enough. It is hard to feel “good enough” in a job that requires you to be the best in order to land a role or get ahead in your career. If you feel like you’re struggling with perfectionism, imposter syndrome, creative blocks, and anxiety in your life, do not feel alone. It’s already hard enough to live in this fast paced competitive environment. Why suffer through it?
Are you someone in a creative industry struggling with anxiety and self doubt? Maybe you have a strong need to be accepted by others and never quite feel good enough. It is hard to feel “good enough” in a job that requires you to be the best in order to land a role or get ahead in your career. If you feel like you’re struggling with perfectionism, imposter syndrome, creative blocks, and anxiety in your life, do not feel alone. It’s already hard enough to live in this fast paced competitive environment. Why suffer through it?
(917) 970-2264 View (917) 970-2264
Photo of Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist, Counselor in New York, NY
Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist
Counselor
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Did your sex life hit a bump in the road and you're not sure how to get it back on track? I work with relationship partners to figure out where the sexy spark went and how to get it back. So whether you just got a bit too comfortable with each other or there's some underlying emotional issues to resolve, we will work together to get to the bottom of it and get you back to feeling the sexy spark. I love working with sexual diversity including sex workers, LGBTQIA+ clients, kinksters & non-monogamous folks.
Did your sex life hit a bump in the road and you're not sure how to get it back on track? I work with relationship partners to figure out where the sexy spark went and how to get it back. So whether you just got a bit too comfortable with each other or there's some underlying emotional issues to resolve, we will work together to get to the bottom of it and get you back to feeling the sexy spark. I love working with sexual diversity including sex workers, LGBTQIA+ clients, kinksters & non-monogamous folks.
(929) 538-3660 View (929) 538-3660
Photo of Kaylene Graffitti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kaylene Graffitti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I have a passion for helping adults, teens, and children heal from trauma. Whether you're struggling with a complex trauma history or navigating through a stressful life event, I work alongside my clients to help them navigate challenging experiences, overwhelming emotions, and confusing relationship dynamics (in families or with partners). My clinical focus and passion is working with clients navigating intimate partner violence, family violence, sexual assault, abuse as a child, and other complex traumas. In recent years, I've also developed a specialty in working with parents of children with special needs.
I have a passion for helping adults, teens, and children heal from trauma. Whether you're struggling with a complex trauma history or navigating through a stressful life event, I work alongside my clients to help them navigate challenging experiences, overwhelming emotions, and confusing relationship dynamics (in families or with partners). My clinical focus and passion is working with clients navigating intimate partner violence, family violence, sexual assault, abuse as a child, and other complex traumas. In recent years, I've also developed a specialty in working with parents of children with special needs.
(585) 488-4932 View (585) 488-4932
Photo of Giselle Noboa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Giselle Noboa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
I am a licensed mental health provider in the state of New York. I work with clients with many concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also help many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
I am a licensed mental health provider in the state of New York. I work with clients with many concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also help many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
(646) 461-4086 View (646) 461-4086
Photo of Lauren Zavier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Lauren Zavier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Lauren Zavier, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
If you’re looking for quality Individual Therapy sessions with a certified Therapist that cares, then you’ve come to the right place. I guide my patients every step of the way and implement various methods to help them develop new attitudes towards all of life’s most complex matters. Schedule an appointment today and see what I can do for you.
If you’re looking for quality Individual Therapy sessions with a certified Therapist that cares, then you’ve come to the right place. I guide my patients every step of the way and implement various methods to help them develop new attitudes towards all of life’s most complex matters. Schedule an appointment today and see what I can do for you.
(646) 813-5136 View (646) 813-5136
Photo of Nina Hellman, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Nina Hellman
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Each of us has a unique personal history defining who we are, and how we function in the world in positive and problematic ways. By understanding formative influences we can free ourselves from patterns of thinking and behavior holding us back. I work with individuals and couples to help identify past experiences, and feelings, emotions, and patterns of behavior in present life and relationships that stand in the way of a deepening sense of identity. I bring an eclectic background to my work with patients, informed by a long history of engagement in the arts, and a thirty year career in the mental health field.
Each of us has a unique personal history defining who we are, and how we function in the world in positive and problematic ways. By understanding formative influences we can free ourselves from patterns of thinking and behavior holding us back. I work with individuals and couples to help identify past experiences, and feelings, emotions, and patterns of behavior in present life and relationships that stand in the way of a deepening sense of identity. I bring an eclectic background to my work with patients, informed by a long history of engagement in the arts, and a thirty year career in the mental health field.
(917) 983-0615 View (917) 983-0615
Photo of Dezarie Moskal, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dezarie Moskal
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10029
My name is Dezarie (Dez) Moskal. I am a licensed clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) who values helping my clients live their best lives. Sometimes life deals us a tough hand, and although you have the skills to have made it this far, we can work together to help you not just "live" but excel in the life you want to live. I have worked with a diverse range of adult clients, including those experiencing depression, anxiety, chronic pain, life transitions, PTSD, ADHD, and alcohol and substance use. I have 10 years of experience working with Veterans. I have also worked with college students and people who identify as BIPOC and LGBTQ+.
My name is Dezarie (Dez) Moskal. I am a licensed clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) who values helping my clients live their best lives. Sometimes life deals us a tough hand, and although you have the skills to have made it this far, we can work together to help you not just "live" but excel in the life you want to live. I have worked with a diverse range of adult clients, including those experiencing depression, anxiety, chronic pain, life transitions, PTSD, ADHD, and alcohol and substance use. I have 10 years of experience working with Veterans. I have also worked with college students and people who identify as BIPOC and LGBTQ+.
(914) 902-5933 View (914) 902-5933
Photo of Jorge Piña, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Jorge Piña
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LMHC, LPsyA
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10034
Listening is an art and a science. Speaking with trust to a professional in a private and confidential space. It's still the best medicine we have. We call it "the talking cure" because is a transformative experience. For this I provide a healthy and creative environment where all my patients can grow, relax, auto-reflex, think deeply and make the best decision of their life for themselves, their love's ones, for partners in a difficult relationship, their children, family as a whole and impact positively life itself and the world permanently.
Listening is an art and a science. Speaking with trust to a professional in a private and confidential space. It's still the best medicine we have. We call it "the talking cure" because is a transformative experience. For this I provide a healthy and creative environment where all my patients can grow, relax, auto-reflex, think deeply and make the best decision of their life for themselves, their love's ones, for partners in a difficult relationship, their children, family as a whole and impact positively life itself and the world permanently.
(347) 462-0792 View (347) 462-0792
Photo of Tiffany Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tiffany Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
Hello! I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 8 years of counseling experience. My expertise lies in helping people achieve their goals of stress reduction, improved coping skills, communication, and self-esteem. My eclectic approach includes extensive knowledge in cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and trauma-informed therapy modalities. As an Afro-Latina myself, I know that having a culturally-sensitive therapist is very important to ensure that clients feel heard and supported in sessions. I believe in creating a space of acceptance and unconditional positive regard in order to foster self-acceptance and healing.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 8 years of counseling experience. My expertise lies in helping people achieve their goals of stress reduction, improved coping skills, communication, and self-esteem. My eclectic approach includes extensive knowledge in cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and trauma-informed therapy modalities. As an Afro-Latina myself, I know that having a culturally-sensitive therapist is very important to ensure that clients feel heard and supported in sessions. I believe in creating a space of acceptance and unconditional positive regard in order to foster self-acceptance and healing.
(716) 321-0817 View (716) 321-0817
Photo of Mira Zaharopoulos, Psychologist in New York, NY
Mira Zaharopoulos
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Psychotherapy addresses the pain of feeling misunderstood and alone. My approach is to strive to help you feel heard and understood. I listen carefully, as the narratives you share may communicate both obvious and deeper meanings. I look for patterns in your life and offer insights I encourage you to refine, so that together we can make sense of your experiences. I attend to dynamics in your relationships to help you stop recreating problems from your past in the present. You need to feel safe enough to take risks in treatment, so I work to create a consistent and trustworthy environment.
Psychotherapy addresses the pain of feeling misunderstood and alone. My approach is to strive to help you feel heard and understood. I listen carefully, as the narratives you share may communicate both obvious and deeper meanings. I look for patterns in your life and offer insights I encourage you to refine, so that together we can make sense of your experiences. I attend to dynamics in your relationships to help you stop recreating problems from your past in the present. You need to feel safe enough to take risks in treatment, so I work to create a consistent and trustworthy environment.
(917) 746-8575 View (917) 746-8575
Photo of Daniel Frazer, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Daniel Frazer
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Daniel's clinical work focuses on clients who may be neurodiverse (Autism/ADHD), men's issues, and those facing chronic illnesses and pain. He has extensive experience working within higher education settings with college students and with those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. He uses a psychodynamic perspective with focus on the everyday symbols and narratives which construct individuals lives. Daniel has received post-graduate training in cognitive behavioral therapy and trauma interventions.
Daniel's clinical work focuses on clients who may be neurodiverse (Autism/ADHD), men's issues, and those facing chronic illnesses and pain. He has extensive experience working within higher education settings with college students and with those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. He uses a psychodynamic perspective with focus on the everyday symbols and narratives which construct individuals lives. Daniel has received post-graduate training in cognitive behavioral therapy and trauma interventions.
(332) 263-3949 View (332) 263-3949
Photo of Ashley R Dorr, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Ashley R Dorr
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
I am a NY State Licensed Creative Arts Therapist with over 20 years of experience. I am trained in Trauma-informed, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered Psychotherapy, EMDR (Level 1), and Mindfulness/Meditation as well. I believe therapy helps people to access coping skills, enhance their happiness, strengthen relationships, and find/make meaning in their lives. I help my clients to find their own unique strengths and resilience and to navigate the natural ups and downs of life. I offer a compassionate and authentic approach and evidenced-based interventions. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process between therapist and client.
I am a NY State Licensed Creative Arts Therapist with over 20 years of experience. I am trained in Trauma-informed, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered Psychotherapy, EMDR (Level 1), and Mindfulness/Meditation as well. I believe therapy helps people to access coping skills, enhance their happiness, strengthen relationships, and find/make meaning in their lives. I help my clients to find their own unique strengths and resilience and to navigate the natural ups and downs of life. I offer a compassionate and authentic approach and evidenced-based interventions. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process between therapist and client.
(855) 849-8842 View (855) 849-8842
Photo of Danielle Naghi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Danielle Naghi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10004  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY currently providing video psychotherapy sessions. I see teens, adults, and couples who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, academic stressors, and identity development. I approach psychotherapy holistically, integrating models such as Internal Family Systems Theory, The Ackerman Relational Approach, and Trauma Theory. Working in an environment focused on social justice, it is important to me to be able to help clients navigate issues related to experiences of racism, homophobia, transphobia, xenophobia, and sexism.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY currently providing video psychotherapy sessions. I see teens, adults, and couples who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, academic stressors, and identity development. I approach psychotherapy holistically, integrating models such as Internal Family Systems Theory, The Ackerman Relational Approach, and Trauma Theory. Working in an environment focused on social justice, it is important to me to be able to help clients navigate issues related to experiences of racism, homophobia, transphobia, xenophobia, and sexism.
(646) 837-7007 View (646) 837-7007
Photo of Maggie Carroll Vaughan, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Maggie Carroll Vaughan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019
I most frequently work with individuals and couples experiencing anxiety, depression and relationship concerns. Common goals of therapy include boosting self-worth and assertiveness skills; improving communication, connection, & intimacy in relationships; developing strong coping mechanisms for managing worrry, angst, sadness and self-doubt; clarifying and surmounting personal and life goals (i.e., forming meaningful relationships, career acceleration, improved health) and mastering life transitions (i.e., new parenthood, job change, relationship break-up, retirement). Therapy with me is highly engaging and collaborative.
I most frequently work with individuals and couples experiencing anxiety, depression and relationship concerns. Common goals of therapy include boosting self-worth and assertiveness skills; improving communication, connection, & intimacy in relationships; developing strong coping mechanisms for managing worrry, angst, sadness and self-doubt; clarifying and surmounting personal and life goals (i.e., forming meaningful relationships, career acceleration, improved health) and mastering life transitions (i.e., new parenthood, job change, relationship break-up, retirement). Therapy with me is highly engaging and collaborative.
(917) 746-5325 View (917) 746-5325
Photo of Anthony Pavlo, Psychologist in New York, NY
Anthony Pavlo
Psychologist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
Anthony Pavlo is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience working in mental health. He works with a wide range of issues, such as trauma, life transitions, grief, relationship issues, depression, and anxiety. He uses a warm and collaborative approach to help clients identify areas for opportunity and growth. Tailoring therapy to your unique needs and situation is a central to his approach. Outside of his private practice, Anthony is a researcher and educator at Yale University and his research aims to make mental health care respectful, collaborative, and equitable.
Anthony Pavlo is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience working in mental health. He works with a wide range of issues, such as trauma, life transitions, grief, relationship issues, depression, and anxiety. He uses a warm and collaborative approach to help clients identify areas for opportunity and growth. Tailoring therapy to your unique needs and situation is a central to his approach. Outside of his private practice, Anthony is a researcher and educator at Yale University and his research aims to make mental health care respectful, collaborative, and equitable.
(347) 871-1104 View (347) 871-1104

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.