Therapists in Chesapeake, VA

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Photo of Emily Ramirez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chesapeake, VA
Emily Ramirez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Emily is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker experienced working with children, teens, and adults. Her passions include working with individuals experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral concerns, inattention and focus, and coping through life transitions or challenges. Her therapeutic approach is to be creative in each individual session to meet your needs using a strengths based focus combined with evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Focused Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Person Centered Therapy.
Emily is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker experienced working with children, teens, and adults. Her passions include working with individuals experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral concerns, inattention and focus, and coping through life transitions or challenges. Her therapeutic approach is to be creative in each individual session to meet your needs using a strengths based focus combined with evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Focused Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Person Centered Therapy.
(757) 703-3358 View (757) 703-3358
Photo of Jessica Malone, Resident in Counseling in Chesapeake, VA
Jessica Malone
Resident in Counseling, CRC, RC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23321
As a military spouse, I have lived throughout the country and have experience working with people of many ages and backgrounds. I have been in the mental health field since 2018, working as a certified behavior therapist, intensive in home family therapist, and an outpatient counselor. I have experience working with clients struggling with a myriad of concerns including, but not limited to: anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, behavioral challenges, mood disorders, interpersonal challenges, ADHD, autism, parenting challenges, and child/parent relationship challenges. If you're looking for non judgmental support I would love to help!
As a military spouse, I have lived throughout the country and have experience working with people of many ages and backgrounds. I have been in the mental health field since 2018, working as a certified behavior therapist, intensive in home family therapist, and an outpatient counselor. I have experience working with clients struggling with a myriad of concerns including, but not limited to: anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, behavioral challenges, mood disorders, interpersonal challenges, ADHD, autism, parenting challenges, and child/parent relationship challenges. If you're looking for non judgmental support I would love to help!
(757) 909-6817 View (757) 909-6817
Photo of Michela Allen, Resident in Counseling in Chesapeake, VA
Michela Allen
Resident in Counseling, MA, QMHP
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Hello! I am a Resident in Counseling with 15 years of experience working in the mental health and substance use field. I utilize person-centered practices to assist individuals in increasing their coping skills to address various life challenges. My approach to counseling promotes discovering an individual’s passions, talents, and strengths while promoting healthy living.
Hello! I am a Resident in Counseling with 15 years of experience working in the mental health and substance use field. I utilize person-centered practices to assist individuals in increasing their coping skills to address various life challenges. My approach to counseling promotes discovering an individual’s passions, talents, and strengths while promoting healthy living.
(757) 637-1349 View (757) 637-1349
Photo of Dr. Thomas Eugene Chatman Jr., Pre-Licensed Professional in Chesapeake, VA
Dr. Thomas Eugene Chatman Jr.
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MA, EdD
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23325  (Online Only)
Special alert: A free support group starts in June. Please inquire for more information. I have a heart and passion for helping individuals address mental health challenges that prevent them from fully living their lives. Additionally, I have a passion for helping the LGBTQIA+ community and clients from underserved racial and ethnic groups. I believe each of us, regardless of the behavior we exhibit, desires to be the best version of ourselves. I am committed to helping clients be the best version of themselves.
Special alert: A free support group starts in June. Please inquire for more information. I have a heart and passion for helping individuals address mental health challenges that prevent them from fully living their lives. Additionally, I have a passion for helping the LGBTQIA+ community and clients from underserved racial and ethnic groups. I believe each of us, regardless of the behavior we exhibit, desires to be the best version of ourselves. I am committed to helping clients be the best version of themselves.
(757) 568-7926 View (757) 568-7926
Photo of Cynthia (Cathy) Cathalina Clay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Cynthia (Cathy) Cathalina Clay
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
I am especially interested in serving children, adults, and adolescents with depression, anxiety, PTSD, schizophrenia, and Bi-Polar disorder. I have experience with providing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). I take an interpersonal approach to treatment, with a special focus on individualized care that is based on research. I also offer trauma-informed and spiritually-integrated services.
I am especially interested in serving children, adults, and adolescents with depression, anxiety, PTSD, schizophrenia, and Bi-Polar disorder. I have experience with providing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). I take an interpersonal approach to treatment, with a special focus on individualized care that is based on research. I also offer trauma-informed and spiritually-integrated services.
(757) 530-5156 View (757) 530-5156
Photo of Steven Turner, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chesapeake, VA
Steven Turner
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHP-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
I have a passion for understanding the human experience and empowering individuals to enact positive change in their lives. I believe in the inherent strength of emotions and view them as opportunities for self-exploration and growth. My approach is rooted in compassion, empathy, and meeting individuals where they are on their journey. I strive to create a safe space where clients can explore their feelings, traumas, and challenges without judgment. I employ positive interventions and practices to individuals with a variety of mental and behavioral health diagnosis to support healing and behavioral change.
I have a passion for understanding the human experience and empowering individuals to enact positive change in their lives. I believe in the inherent strength of emotions and view them as opportunities for self-exploration and growth. My approach is rooted in compassion, empathy, and meeting individuals where they are on their journey. I strive to create a safe space where clients can explore their feelings, traumas, and challenges without judgment. I employ positive interventions and practices to individuals with a variety of mental and behavioral health diagnosis to support healing and behavioral change.
(757) 414-9586 View (757) 414-9586
Photo of Elizabeth Robins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chesapeake, VA
Elizabeth Robins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23323
“There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you” Maya Angelou. I believe that each person I encounter has a story to tell and I would love to be that person to listen to yours. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) , and I am also certified in trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy and Gottman level 1 couple's therapy. I have worked with young children, families, and adults for the past 12 years. I have a lot of experience specifically working with children ages birth to 5, parents, and couples.
“There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you” Maya Angelou. I believe that each person I encounter has a story to tell and I would love to be that person to listen to yours. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) , and I am also certified in trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy and Gottman level 1 couple's therapy. I have worked with young children, families, and adults for the past 12 years. I have a lot of experience specifically working with children ages birth to 5, parents, and couples.
(757) 294-8710 View (757) 294-8710
Photo of Matthew Wade, Resident in Counseling in Chesapeake, VA
Matthew Wade
Resident in Counseling, LRIC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23321
Hi. I'm a resident in counseling with a passion for working with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients in a variety of settings, including inpatient hospitals and outpatient college campuses. I use person-centered and CBT approaches to counseling to provide a warm, empathic, accepting environment for clients to voice and work on their concerns and goals. I am currently accepting new clients both in-person and through telehealth and work with ages 6 and up.
Hi. I'm a resident in counseling with a passion for working with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients in a variety of settings, including inpatient hospitals and outpatient college campuses. I use person-centered and CBT approaches to counseling to provide a warm, empathic, accepting environment for clients to voice and work on their concerns and goals. I am currently accepting new clients both in-person and through telehealth and work with ages 6 and up.
(757) 654-1641 View (757) 654-1641
Photo of Dr. Noelle Lowry, Clinical Psychologist in Chesapeake, VA
Dr. Noelle Lowry
Clinical Psychologist, PhD, LCP, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Dr. Noelle Lowry, Ph.D., LCP, LPC, is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and provides psychological services for a variety of different reasons to include clinical clarification, mental health diagnosing, cognitive assessment, and educational testing.
Dr. Noelle Lowry, Ph.D., LCP, LPC, is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and provides psychological services for a variety of different reasons to include clinical clarification, mental health diagnosing, cognitive assessment, and educational testing.
(757) 792-8889 View (757) 792-8889
Photo of Alise Stults, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chesapeake, VA
Alise Stults
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23321
Alise Stults is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has been providing therapy services for more than 4 years. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, and families address challenges, overcome barriers to success and improve their well-being. Alise specializes in identity exploration, depression, anxiety, trauma, relational issues, and emotional regulation.
Alise Stults is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has been providing therapy services for more than 4 years. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, and families address challenges, overcome barriers to success and improve their well-being. Alise specializes in identity exploration, depression, anxiety, trauma, relational issues, and emotional regulation.
(757) 300-1350 View (757) 300-1350
Photo of Karri Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Karri Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, my name is Karri and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I have lived in the Hampton Roads area since 2011. I love what I do, I’m passionate about my work and focusing on my client’s journey toward healing, growth, and transformation. I understand the importance of meeting my clients wherever he/she/they is/are in life. I hold each client’s therapeutic work with great regard.
Hi, my name is Karri and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I have lived in the Hampton Roads area since 2011. I love what I do, I’m passionate about my work and focusing on my client’s journey toward healing, growth, and transformation. I understand the importance of meeting my clients wherever he/she/they is/are in life. I hold each client’s therapeutic work with great regard.
(757) 231-3456 View (757) 231-3456
Photo of Lindsey Moscak, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Lindsey Moscak
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
I'm originally from Roanoke, VA, but have been a resident of Norfolk for the last decade. During my time here, I have completed a BS in Psychology at ODU and went on to get my MSEd in Mental Health Counseling at ODU. I have experience working with a wide array of clients, including teens, families, couples, and adults with a variety of presenting struggles. I have experience working with clients in acute inpatient care, residential inpatient care, and in the outpatient setting.
I'm originally from Roanoke, VA, but have been a resident of Norfolk for the last decade. During my time here, I have completed a BS in Psychology at ODU and went on to get my MSEd in Mental Health Counseling at ODU. I have experience working with a wide array of clients, including teens, families, couples, and adults with a variety of presenting struggles. I have experience working with clients in acute inpatient care, residential inpatient care, and in the outpatient setting.
(757) 993-4810 View (757) 993-4810
Photo of Meagan E Graham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Meagan E Graham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Virginia Board of Counseling approved supervisor located in Hampton Roads, Virginia. I am passionate about valuing mental health. I hold my role as therapist with very intentional regard and hold each client’s therapeutic journey with the deepest respect. I believe that my role is to safely and ethically support each client’s personal journey with exploring their world and providing sound therapeutic support to assist with their healing journey.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Virginia Board of Counseling approved supervisor located in Hampton Roads, Virginia. I am passionate about valuing mental health. I hold my role as therapist with very intentional regard and hold each client’s therapeutic journey with the deepest respect. I believe that my role is to safely and ethically support each client’s personal journey with exploring their world and providing sound therapeutic support to assist with their healing journey.
(757) 690-2794 View (757) 690-2794
Photo of Amber Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Amber Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Learning to give yourself grace, accept the perfect imperfections that make us human, and balance relationships and responsibilities has it's challenges. Every experience in the lifespan has influenced who we have become, how we react to situations, and how we connect with others. The motivation to grow and learn, to feel and communicate is what I am looking for when we work together. Through counseling, we will identify and model healthy communication, reflect and process important events, and empower you to grow and heal from whatever may be holding you back from authenticity and connection in your life and relationships.
Learning to give yourself grace, accept the perfect imperfections that make us human, and balance relationships and responsibilities has it's challenges. Every experience in the lifespan has influenced who we have become, how we react to situations, and how we connect with others. The motivation to grow and learn, to feel and communicate is what I am looking for when we work together. Through counseling, we will identify and model healthy communication, reflect and process important events, and empower you to grow and heal from whatever may be holding you back from authenticity and connection in your life and relationships.
(757) 792-8498 View (757) 792-8498
Photo of Erin Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chesapeake, VA
Erin Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Are experiencing relationship distress with your spouse, partner or family member? Do you want to improve this relationship, but are unsure of how to get started? Here's where I may be able to help. I believe every person influences their relationships, just as each bond shapes us into who we are. Through marriage and/or family therapy, I work to utilize each individual's unique qualities to help strengthen the unit as a whole.
Are experiencing relationship distress with your spouse, partner or family member? Do you want to improve this relationship, but are unsure of how to get started? Here's where I may be able to help. I believe every person influences their relationships, just as each bond shapes us into who we are. Through marriage and/or family therapy, I work to utilize each individual's unique qualities to help strengthen the unit as a whole.
(757) 703-4851 View (757) 703-4851
Photo of Justin Steele, Psychologist in Chesapeake, VA
Justin Steele
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Dr. Steele earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Religion, Psychology, and Sociology from The University of Findlay in 2007. He then went on to pursue some of his personal interests and earned a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Cinema/TV Directing from Regent University in 2010. Finally, Dr. Steele earned a Master of Arts (MA) and Doctorate (Psy. D. ) in Clinical Psychology from Regent University in 2013 and 2017, respectively. During his career. Dr. Steele has served on active duty in the United States Army and completed rotations in a sleep clinic, a primary care center, and in cognitive evaluation.
Dr. Steele earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Religion, Psychology, and Sociology from The University of Findlay in 2007. He then went on to pursue some of his personal interests and earned a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Cinema/TV Directing from Regent University in 2010. Finally, Dr. Steele earned a Master of Arts (MA) and Doctorate (Psy. D. ) in Clinical Psychology from Regent University in 2013 and 2017, respectively. During his career. Dr. Steele has served on active duty in the United States Army and completed rotations in a sleep clinic, a primary care center, and in cognitive evaluation.
(757) 239-3576 View (757) 239-3576
Photo of Jenna Pipolo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Jenna Pipolo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life. " "“ Shannon L. Adler Life can be unpredictable, for better or for worse, and sometimes all we need is a little extra support to get by. During these challenging times, I offer compassion and empathy to help you navigate and process life's difficulties. Together, we'll work towards creating and achieving your own personal goals.
Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life. " "“ Shannon L. Adler Life can be unpredictable, for better or for worse, and sometimes all we need is a little extra support to get by. During these challenging times, I offer compassion and empathy to help you navigate and process life's difficulties. Together, we'll work towards creating and achieving your own personal goals.
(757) 703-4704 View (757) 703-4704
Photo of Anam Therapy Counseling Inc. Group Practice- Heather Whitney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chesapeake, VA
Anam Therapy Counseling Inc. Group Practice- Heather Whitney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23321  (Online Only)
Anam Therapy Counseling, Inc is newly formed group practice. I have expanded my business in response to the growing need in our field. Please note, we are a TeleMH practice (online). I have spent the past 26+ years helping clients to lead happier, healthier, and more fulfilling lives. My goal is to provide a stress free, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel supported, comfortable, and free to express yourself.
Anam Therapy Counseling, Inc is newly formed group practice. I have expanded my business in response to the growing need in our field. Please note, we are a TeleMH practice (online). I have spent the past 26+ years helping clients to lead happier, healthier, and more fulfilling lives. My goal is to provide a stress free, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel supported, comfortable, and free to express yourself.
(434) 226-5893 View (434) 226-5893
Photo of Erin Lutumba, Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy in Chesapeake, VA
Erin Lutumba
Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, Residen
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Erin Lutumba is currently a Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy working towards licensure. She graduated with her Masters degree in Marriage, Couple and Family Therapy from Regent University. She also has a Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of West Georgia. Outside of formal education, she is certified in SYMBIS premarital counseling and level II trained in Gottman Couples Therapy. She loves working with relationships, because they shape every individual. The beautiful thing is that a person's attributes impact their relationships, too.
Erin Lutumba is currently a Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy working towards licensure. She graduated with her Masters degree in Marriage, Couple and Family Therapy from Regent University. She also has a Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of West Georgia. Outside of formal education, she is certified in SYMBIS premarital counseling and level II trained in Gottman Couples Therapy. She loves working with relationships, because they shape every individual. The beautiful thing is that a person's attributes impact their relationships, too.
(757) 280-3864 View (757) 280-3864
Photo of Marie Mendy, Resident in Counseling in Chesapeake, VA
Marie Mendy
Resident in Counseling, LRC
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Marie Mendy, Licensed Resident in Counseling, Marie Mendy is a Licensed Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA from NYU- Steinhardt (Counseling For Mental Health & Wellness). As a therapist (Resident Counselor), Marie believes in creating a supportive and empathetic environment that helps her clients feel comfortable as they engage in a trusting therapeutic process. Marie's treatment philosophy is mainly influenced by CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) and Person-Centered Therapy.
Marie Mendy, Licensed Resident in Counseling, Marie Mendy is a Licensed Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA from NYU- Steinhardt (Counseling For Mental Health & Wellness). As a therapist (Resident Counselor), Marie believes in creating a supportive and empathetic environment that helps her clients feel comfortable as they engage in a trusting therapeutic process. Marie's treatment philosophy is mainly influenced by CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) and Person-Centered Therapy.
(757) 586-4995 View (757) 586-4995

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chesapeake, VA

500+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Chesapeake, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Stress
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Anthem | Elevance
75% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Chesapeake, VA see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chesapeake?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.