Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Sarah Mugford, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Diego, CA
Sarah Mugford
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, AMFT, APC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
My experience has given me the privilege to work with adults of all ages and adolescents with co-occurring disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, addictive disorders, and some personality disorders. I have a passion for working with young people and their families to get through difficult times. I often work with folx who are survivors of trauma including PTSD and CPTSD. I am knowledgeable in many subcultures, sexualities and societal challenges that face many individuals.
My experience has given me the privilege to work with adults of all ages and adolescents with co-occurring disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, addictive disorders, and some personality disorders. I have a passion for working with young people and their families to get through difficult times. I often work with folx who are survivors of trauma including PTSD and CPTSD. I am knowledgeable in many subcultures, sexualities and societal challenges that face many individuals.
(858) 682-1460 View (858) 682-1460
Photo of Kristen Lyall, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Kristen Lyall
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, Amft
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
I am dedicated and committed to empowering individuals, couples, and families in their journey towards mental health and relational harmony. With a focus on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), my passion lies in helping individuals navigate life’s complexities, particularly those dealing with emotional dysregulation, relationship conflicts, and identity exploration. I have specialized training and experience in providing support to individuals who experience thoughts and urges for self-harm or suicide. I assist clients in developing effective coping skills, fostering emotional resilience, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
I am dedicated and committed to empowering individuals, couples, and families in their journey towards mental health and relational harmony. With a focus on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), my passion lies in helping individuals navigate life’s complexities, particularly those dealing with emotional dysregulation, relationship conflicts, and identity exploration. I have specialized training and experience in providing support to individuals who experience thoughts and urges for self-harm or suicide. I assist clients in developing effective coping skills, fostering emotional resilience, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
(858) 533-1729 View (858) 533-1729
Photo of Immigration Evaluations And Therapy Paola Peters, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Immigration Evaluations And Therapy Paola Peters
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional in CA & NJ. Bilingual in Spanish/English. I started my clinical practice as a Psychologist in Argentina in 1995. My view of therapy not only comprises discussing difficult aspects of your life, but it is also a journey that involves growth & healing, through sustained self-exploration of life experiences that are impacting your lifestyle now. I believe that therapy is about understanding yourself, others and learning effective ways to solve personal and interpersonal problems to tolerate and reduce stress to live a more rewarding life.
I am a psychotherapist and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional in CA & NJ. Bilingual in Spanish/English. I started my clinical practice as a Psychologist in Argentina in 1995. My view of therapy not only comprises discussing difficult aspects of your life, but it is also a journey that involves growth & healing, through sustained self-exploration of life experiences that are impacting your lifestyle now. I believe that therapy is about understanding yourself, others and learning effective ways to solve personal and interpersonal problems to tolerate and reduce stress to live a more rewarding life.
(858) 422-1518 View (858) 422-1518
Photo of Kimara Houseman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Kimara Houseman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
No life is free of change or pain, but life is also too short to constantly feel stressed, lost, or unfulfilled. Self-exploration and skill building through our work together can empower you to overcome life's challenges and make lasting positive changes.
No life is free of change or pain, but life is also too short to constantly feel stressed, lost, or unfulfilled. Self-exploration and skill building through our work together can empower you to overcome life's challenges and make lasting positive changes.
(619) 831-6594 View (619) 831-6594
Photo of Cristina Antonucci, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Cristina Antonucci
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Not accepting new clients
Life can leave us feeling stuck and disconnected from ourselves and our communities. Often, symptoms are natural reactions to painful circumstances and foreclose access to our innate wisdom and ability to navigate tough situations. I believe in the unique healing journey of each individual and work with you to open space and reconnect with your authentic ways of being. I help folks get curious about their life, get unstuck from difficult patterns, make meaning of life experiences, and ultimately create more choice and freedom.
Life can leave us feeling stuck and disconnected from ourselves and our communities. Often, symptoms are natural reactions to painful circumstances and foreclose access to our innate wisdom and ability to navigate tough situations. I believe in the unique healing journey of each individual and work with you to open space and reconnect with your authentic ways of being. I help folks get curious about their life, get unstuck from difficult patterns, make meaning of life experiences, and ultimately create more choice and freedom.
(760) 304-1907 View (760) 304-1907
Photo of Erick Santos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Erick Santos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
(760) 254-8569 View (760) 254-8569
Photo of Pamela Newman, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Pamela Newman
Psychologist, PsyD, MSCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
Do you struggle to maintain balance in your mood and mindset as a result of your high-stress life or profession? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or OCD as a result of that stress? If so, you are not alone. There are ways to help you when these emotions arise, pinpoint the triggers, and improve the way you approach them so they don’t overwhelm you. ERP, CBT, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness Skills are all treatment methods in which I have been trained to assist you in living a much more fulfilled and balanced life. Therapy can help you gain control over the issues that are preventing you from reaching your full potential.
Do you struggle to maintain balance in your mood and mindset as a result of your high-stress life or profession? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or OCD as a result of that stress? If so, you are not alone. There are ways to help you when these emotions arise, pinpoint the triggers, and improve the way you approach them so they don’t overwhelm you. ERP, CBT, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness Skills are all treatment methods in which I have been trained to assist you in living a much more fulfilled and balanced life. Therapy can help you gain control over the issues that are preventing you from reaching your full potential.
(858) 201-7248 View (858) 201-7248
Photo of Kayla Corazao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Kayla Corazao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101  (Online Only)
Change is hard, not having the tools, direction, and support make the process even harder. I can help you identify areas that may be keeping you stuck. I also provide wellness and behavioral health coaching in addition to traditional therapy.
Change is hard, not having the tools, direction, and support make the process even harder. I can help you identify areas that may be keeping you stuck. I also provide wellness and behavioral health coaching in addition to traditional therapy.
(619) 304-9155 View (619) 304-9155
Photo of Mike Steinweg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Mike Steinweg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92120
Mike Steinweg is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 1997. He has a BA in Psychology from Arizona State University, an MSW from San Diego State University, and an MSTOM from Pacific College of Oriental Medicine. Mike has a curious and compassionate perspective geared toward helping clients gain a greater sense of control and satisfaction in their lives, without judgement. He is also a licensed holistic practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Mike has a great deal of experience working with teens and adults as well as couples and families.
Mike Steinweg is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 1997. He has a BA in Psychology from Arizona State University, an MSW from San Diego State University, and an MSTOM from Pacific College of Oriental Medicine. Mike has a curious and compassionate perspective geared toward helping clients gain a greater sense of control and satisfaction in their lives, without judgement. He is also a licensed holistic practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Mike has a great deal of experience working with teens and adults as well as couples and families.
(858) 533-2908 View (858) 533-2908
Photo of Deborah Cosmetis, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Deborah Cosmetis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92110
Throughout life we are all faced with stressors, traumas, and times of transition. During these times, it can be helpful to speak to a professional for guidance as you navigate life’s unavoidable challenges. As a licensed psychologist, I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental, and supportive space for self exploration and personal growth. Together we will explore the places you feel stuck, process past events, deepen self understanding, and cultivate self acceptance so that you may experience longer lasting happiness, more fulfilling connections, and a more meaningful life.
Throughout life we are all faced with stressors, traumas, and times of transition. During these times, it can be helpful to speak to a professional for guidance as you navigate life’s unavoidable challenges. As a licensed psychologist, I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental, and supportive space for self exploration and personal growth. Together we will explore the places you feel stuck, process past events, deepen self understanding, and cultivate self acceptance so that you may experience longer lasting happiness, more fulfilling connections, and a more meaningful life.
(619) 552-3545 View (619) 552-3545
Photo of Jeffrey Mann, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Jeffrey Mann
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101
Welcome! I am a Psychologist offering psychotherapy through secure videochat, or Telehealth in CA, VA, MD, DC. This is a convenient and effective way to get the help you need on your schedule where you're comfortable. For more information, see my web page (https://drjeffreymann.com/telehealth/). Frequently the events of our lives get to the point where we feel like so much of our energy is being wasted simply trying to "keep it together". I'm not a believer in magic cures, but there is A LOT than can be done to address the ways we think and behave in our everyday lives that can have a profound impact on our satisfaction with life.
Welcome! I am a Psychologist offering psychotherapy through secure videochat, or Telehealth in CA, VA, MD, DC. This is a convenient and effective way to get the help you need on your schedule where you're comfortable. For more information, see my web page (https://drjeffreymann.com/telehealth/). Frequently the events of our lives get to the point where we feel like so much of our energy is being wasted simply trying to "keep it together". I'm not a believer in magic cures, but there is A LOT than can be done to address the ways we think and behave in our everyday lives that can have a profound impact on our satisfaction with life.
(619) 618-1908 View (619) 618-1908
Photo of The Heart of the Matter Relationship Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
The Heart of the Matter Relationship Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92110
We believe people possess the inner strength, imagination, and determination to meet life’s challenges, but sometimes we get stuck and forget that we have these abilities. Individual therapy presents an opportunity to understand your feelings, thoughts and behaviors in new ways. There are times when the challenges in life may lead to anxiety, depression, helplessness and despair. You may be feeling frightened, insecure, alone and lacking direction. We take the time to listen to your problems and understand your situation to help you live a fuller, more joyful and positive life.
We believe people possess the inner strength, imagination, and determination to meet life’s challenges, but sometimes we get stuck and forget that we have these abilities. Individual therapy presents an opportunity to understand your feelings, thoughts and behaviors in new ways. There are times when the challenges in life may lead to anxiety, depression, helplessness and despair. You may be feeling frightened, insecure, alone and lacking direction. We take the time to listen to your problems and understand your situation to help you live a fuller, more joyful and positive life.
(619) 768-2395 View (619) 768-2395
Photo of Alexandria Ayres, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Alexandria Ayres
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Alex Ayres and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in California for 1 year and have 8 years of working experience in the mental health field. I have worked with clients facing a wide range of mental health diagnosis and challenges during that time including stress and anxiety, sleeping disorders, bipolar disorder, & depression. My overall style is to use gentle encouragement mixed with psycho education and person centered tailoring to meet your unique and specific needs.
My name is Alex Ayres and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in California for 1 year and have 8 years of working experience in the mental health field. I have worked with clients facing a wide range of mental health diagnosis and challenges during that time including stress and anxiety, sleeping disorders, bipolar disorder, & depression. My overall style is to use gentle encouragement mixed with psycho education and person centered tailoring to meet your unique and specific needs.
(619) 648-4153 View (619) 648-4153
Photo of Naz Nikoukary @ Grow Through Life Counseling , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Naz Nikoukary @ Grow Through Life Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92131
Hello! I have worked with a wide variety of client struggling with anxiety, depression and life transitions. I am passionate about using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and solution-focused therapy to help. I was born and raised in Iran and then moved to the U.S. at age 17. I understand and relate to clients who have migrated to the United States. I love supporting them in experiencing changes in attitudes, family values, generational status, and social affiliations. I also have experience working with clients with severe and acute mental illness and with patient care in other medical settings as well.
Hello! I have worked with a wide variety of client struggling with anxiety, depression and life transitions. I am passionate about using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and solution-focused therapy to help. I was born and raised in Iran and then moved to the U.S. at age 17. I understand and relate to clients who have migrated to the United States. I love supporting them in experiencing changes in attitudes, family values, generational status, and social affiliations. I also have experience working with clients with severe and acute mental illness and with patient care in other medical settings as well.
(858) 247-3073 View (858) 247-3073
Photo of Alexander Gilburd, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Alexander Gilburd
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131  (Online Only)
I believe in people’s innate ability to persevere and evolve through their struggles. Everyone has an innate potential to achieve their goals if given the proper nourishment and environment. As a therapist, I strive to provide that environment. I help patients find their path towards their own peace of mind. I foster a trusting and caring relationship with my patients, focusing on the unique and fascinating experiences that every individual brings to the table.
I believe in people’s innate ability to persevere and evolve through their struggles. Everyone has an innate potential to achieve their goals if given the proper nourishment and environment. As a therapist, I strive to provide that environment. I help patients find their path towards their own peace of mind. I foster a trusting and caring relationship with my patients, focusing on the unique and fascinating experiences that every individual brings to the table.
(858) 935-4859 View (858) 935-4859
Photo of Debra Berl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Debra Berl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92123
Debra Berl is a Licensed Clinical Social worker who completed her graduate degree in 1991 and was licensed in 1995. She has been working in the field of Social Work and Counseling since 1991. Debra treats clients from all backgrounds with a focus on adults and adolescents. Debra's area of experience and training include: grief and loss, coping with chronic pain and illness, depression, women's issues, LGBTQ concerns, supporting parents of children with special needs and treating anxiety disorders.
Debra Berl is a Licensed Clinical Social worker who completed her graduate degree in 1991 and was licensed in 1995. She has been working in the field of Social Work and Counseling since 1991. Debra treats clients from all backgrounds with a focus on adults and adolescents. Debra's area of experience and training include: grief and loss, coping with chronic pain and illness, depression, women's issues, LGBTQ concerns, supporting parents of children with special needs and treating anxiety disorders.
(858) 758-3514 View (858) 758-3514
Photo of Molly Fassler, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Molly Fassler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
I provide individual and couple therapy in a caring and accepting environment. Therapy is an opportunity for personal growth and the exploration of obstacles in your life. Learn how to address your concerns and create a more fulfilling existence. My services are designed to address anxiety, depression, stress management, body image concerns, increase overall functioning and foster personal growth.
I provide individual and couple therapy in a caring and accepting environment. Therapy is an opportunity for personal growth and the exploration of obstacles in your life. Learn how to address your concerns and create a more fulfilling existence. My services are designed to address anxiety, depression, stress management, body image concerns, increase overall functioning and foster personal growth.
(619) 377-8181 View (619) 377-8181
Photo of Rada West, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Rada West
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Are you concerned your child is demonstrating delays in milestones, such as speech and motor skills? Is your child demonstrating symptoms of poor attention/concentration, difficulties establishing peer relationships, difficulty learning or is not progressing in school as expected? Does your child have a history of a head injury or any other medical concerns that caused a decline/loss of skills? If any of the above are a concern, then perhaps, a neuropsychological evaluation would assist in understanding your child's current functioning and specific strengths and weaknesses. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation .
Are you concerned your child is demonstrating delays in milestones, such as speech and motor skills? Is your child demonstrating symptoms of poor attention/concentration, difficulties establishing peer relationships, difficulty learning or is not progressing in school as expected? Does your child have a history of a head injury or any other medical concerns that caused a decline/loss of skills? If any of the above are a concern, then perhaps, a neuropsychological evaluation would assist in understanding your child's current functioning and specific strengths and weaknesses. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation .
(858) 242-4583 View (858) 242-4583
Photo of Carole Doherty, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Carole Doherty
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MSOL
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Life is an extraordinary journey filled with constant changes and challenges. Therapy is a powerful tool that helps us navigate our way through some of the more chaotic and confusing times. The best answers are found by looking inward; examining personal strengths, values and beliefs, to gain insight and promote personal growth. I provide individual, couples and family therapy with a focus on building healthy relationships with self, family, friends and community. Most of our significant relationships fall somewhere on the continuum between dependency and interdependency.
Life is an extraordinary journey filled with constant changes and challenges. Therapy is a powerful tool that helps us navigate our way through some of the more chaotic and confusing times. The best answers are found by looking inward; examining personal strengths, values and beliefs, to gain insight and promote personal growth. I provide individual, couples and family therapy with a focus on building healthy relationships with self, family, friends and community. Most of our significant relationships fall somewhere on the continuum between dependency and interdependency.
(619) 493-4061 View (619) 493-4061
Photo of Dr. Lara Zappaterra, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Dr. Lara Zappaterra
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117
Hello and Welcome. I have over a decade of practice in individual, adolescent, and couples therapy. I specialize in treating mood or anxiety difficulties, trauma, childhood trauma, relational difficulties, life stressors, or life and identity transitions. My passion is to help you live authentically- experiencing relief, resilience, self-compassion, and increased emotional freedom. We often learn strategies through life to keep us safe, but those strategies may hold us back in our present. It is in our relationships that we learned these strategies; it is through a therapeutic relationship that we re-learn, re-parent, and heal.
Hello and Welcome. I have over a decade of practice in individual, adolescent, and couples therapy. I specialize in treating mood or anxiety difficulties, trauma, childhood trauma, relational difficulties, life stressors, or life and identity transitions. My passion is to help you live authentically- experiencing relief, resilience, self-compassion, and increased emotional freedom. We often learn strategies through life to keep us safe, but those strategies may hold us back in our present. It is in our relationships that we learned these strategies; it is through a therapeutic relationship that we re-learn, re-parent, and heal.
(858) 956-7579 View (858) 956-7579

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.