Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Sonia Sztejnklaper Bell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sonia Sztejnklaper Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
As a therapist with over 30 years of experience, including as a director of clinical services at a non-profit agency, I've worked with individuals of all ages, couples and families. I offer a wide range of therapy services, specializing in helping my clients deal with emotional and behavioral issues, including anxiety and depression. I also have extensive experience working with those undergoing personal transitions, family, marital and relationship issues, coping with medical challenges including loss and grief.
As a therapist with over 30 years of experience, including as a director of clinical services at a non-profit agency, I've worked with individuals of all ages, couples and families. I offer a wide range of therapy services, specializing in helping my clients deal with emotional and behavioral issues, including anxiety and depression. I also have extensive experience working with those undergoing personal transitions, family, marital and relationship issues, coping with medical challenges including loss and grief.
(415) 578-9229 View (415) 578-9229
Photo of Ryan James Carroll, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Ryan James Carroll
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I believe therapy is not just for dealing with symptoms; it can also lead to dramatic life transformation. I work relationally, meaning that our relationship will be the foundation of our work together. I believe that the psyche is made up of different parts that formed in different of our lives, and one of the keys to making change is getting these parts to work together. I believe that thinking about what’s happened is insufficient; we will work in the present moment to explore not just what we think, but also what we feel emotionally and somatically.
I believe therapy is not just for dealing with symptoms; it can also lead to dramatic life transformation. I work relationally, meaning that our relationship will be the foundation of our work together. I believe that the psyche is made up of different parts that formed in different of our lives, and one of the keys to making change is getting these parts to work together. I believe that thinking about what’s happened is insufficient; we will work in the present moment to explore not just what we think, but also what we feel emotionally and somatically.
(510) 916-2331 View (510) 916-2331
Photo of Tila B Bibliowicz in San Francisco, CA
Tila B Bibliowicz
MA, BCET
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
As a Board Certified Educational Therapist with decades of experience working with children, adolescents, college students, and adults, I am dedicated to helping my clients discover their unique learning styles and find the best tools to maximize their potential. I work with students who are struggling academically, as well as those with ADD/ADHD, executive functioning issues, and OCD clients that affect their academic performance or are in need of remedial learning or effective test-taking strategies. I provide individualized instruction for clients struggling in school or college that addresses each student's difficulties.
As a Board Certified Educational Therapist with decades of experience working with children, adolescents, college students, and adults, I am dedicated to helping my clients discover their unique learning styles and find the best tools to maximize their potential. I work with students who are struggling academically, as well as those with ADD/ADHD, executive functioning issues, and OCD clients that affect their academic performance or are in need of remedial learning or effective test-taking strategies. I provide individualized instruction for clients struggling in school or college that addresses each student's difficulties.
(415) 390-0083 View (415) 390-0083
Photo of Stanly Tran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Stanly Tran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My aim is to help clients understand how their history and programming influences patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior. When insight and self-awareness of these patterns is established, we will develop ways to shift the combination of these things in a direction that is consistent with what is important or helpful.
My aim is to help clients understand how their history and programming influences patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior. When insight and self-awareness of these patterns is established, we will develop ways to shift the combination of these things in a direction that is consistent with what is important or helpful.
(510) 288-6788 View (510) 288-6788
Photo of Camilla Busnovetsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Camilla Busnovetsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
(415) 742-2883 View (415) 742-2883
Photo of Private Practice of Saloomeh Nakh Saz, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Private Practice of Saloomeh Nakh Saz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Welcome to a journey of transformation and empowerment. I am a seasoned therapist committed to guiding professionals and couples through the intricate maze of anxiety, the nuances of relationship dynamics, and the shadows of past traumas. With a profound blend of deep empathy and strategic insight, I create a sanctuary for healing—a space where personal growth and resilience are not just goals but tangible realities. My practice is rooted in cultural sensitivity and grounded in evidence-based methodologies. This approach ensures that every individual who walks through my doors feels deeply understood and immensely valued.
Welcome to a journey of transformation and empowerment. I am a seasoned therapist committed to guiding professionals and couples through the intricate maze of anxiety, the nuances of relationship dynamics, and the shadows of past traumas. With a profound blend of deep empathy and strategic insight, I create a sanctuary for healing—a space where personal growth and resilience are not just goals but tangible realities. My practice is rooted in cultural sensitivity and grounded in evidence-based methodologies. This approach ensures that every individual who walks through my doors feels deeply understood and immensely valued.
(415) 802-0286 View (415) 802-0286
Photo of Smadar Salzman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Smadar Salzman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
27 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
Do you keep getting hurt in relationships? Keep repeating the same patterns that leave you anxious & depressed? You feel alone, numb, or spiral into intense overwhelming feelings out of nowhere. Early relationships are your blueprint for adult intimate relationships. They shape your perceptions & beliefs, often subconsciously. If you grew up with family conflict, abandonment, abuse, or trauma, adult relationships can be hard. You're tired of feeling stuck in the same painful patterns. You know something needs to change, you just aren't sure what, or how. You're ready to stop feeling broken & start navigating relationships with ease.
Do you keep getting hurt in relationships? Keep repeating the same patterns that leave you anxious & depressed? You feel alone, numb, or spiral into intense overwhelming feelings out of nowhere. Early relationships are your blueprint for adult intimate relationships. They shape your perceptions & beliefs, often subconsciously. If you grew up with family conflict, abandonment, abuse, or trauma, adult relationships can be hard. You're tired of feeling stuck in the same painful patterns. You know something needs to change, you just aren't sure what, or how. You're ready to stop feeling broken & start navigating relationships with ease.
(415) 702-0360 View (415) 702-0360
Photo of Tony Konstantinidis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tony Konstantinidis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who has worked extensively with adolescents and adults who have struggled with depression, anxiety, trauma, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), self-esteem issues, and life transitions, to name a few. Additionally, the clients that I have helped have come from various diverse backgrounds, from being in the foster system, former juvenile hall clients, various SES backgrounds, different cultural/ethnic backgrounds, K-12 aged clients, adult clients, and court mandated clients. I have 12 years of experience in the mental health field.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who has worked extensively with adolescents and adults who have struggled with depression, anxiety, trauma, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), self-esteem issues, and life transitions, to name a few. Additionally, the clients that I have helped have come from various diverse backgrounds, from being in the foster system, former juvenile hall clients, various SES backgrounds, different cultural/ethnic backgrounds, K-12 aged clients, adult clients, and court mandated clients. I have 12 years of experience in the mental health field.
(415) 949-7643 x1 View (415) 949-7643 x1
Photo of Jennifer Guittard, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Guittard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
(415) 943-0550 View (415) 943-0550
Photo of Adam Jelloian, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Adam Jelloian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
In the room with me, you can expect my full attention, understanding, and collaboration as we work together to empower and encourage you to be the person you want to be. Together we will customize a plan that will meet your needs and most importantly your wants and desires for your life. I believe you have the inner strength to overcome what is holding you back, therefore I will be your guide to better understand yourself. Having mutual trust and understanding is crucial, and knowing that you decided to invest in yourself with me is very brave.
In the room with me, you can expect my full attention, understanding, and collaboration as we work together to empower and encourage you to be the person you want to be. Together we will customize a plan that will meet your needs and most importantly your wants and desires for your life. I believe you have the inner strength to overcome what is holding you back, therefore I will be your guide to better understand yourself. Having mutual trust and understanding is crucial, and knowing that you decided to invest in yourself with me is very brave.
(415) 873-4930 View (415) 873-4930
Photo of Robbie Richler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Robbie Richler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT, RCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
If you've come here, you're probably struggling with something you're unable to shake. It could be a depressed mood, anxious thoughts, feelings of isolation, or just a sense that something is off. Perhaps you've tried to push away or fix some of these unpleasant feelings but have had little success. If you're looking for a way to resolve these issues, one that gets at the core of what's going on, I can help.
If you've come here, you're probably struggling with something you're unable to shake. It could be a depressed mood, anxious thoughts, feelings of isolation, or just a sense that something is off. Perhaps you've tried to push away or fix some of these unpleasant feelings but have had little success. If you're looking for a way to resolve these issues, one that gets at the core of what's going on, I can help.
(415) 594-4238 View (415) 594-4238
Photo of Michael G. Quirke, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Michael G. Quirke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Don't Let Your Feelings Get The Best Of You. Is a persistent, overwhelming sense of grief and sadness preventing you from living the life you want? Are you dealing with intense emotions of shame, guilt, or hopelessness for seemingly no reason at all? Perhaps you have experienced a traumatic event or childhood neglect that is manifesting as fear, anxiety, or helplessness. Or it could be that you recognize the signs of depression but feel like you have nowhere to turn. If any of this sounds familiar, you are not alone. And I want to assure you that there is much we can do to help you find inner peace and greater contentment.
Don't Let Your Feelings Get The Best Of You. Is a persistent, overwhelming sense of grief and sadness preventing you from living the life you want? Are you dealing with intense emotions of shame, guilt, or hopelessness for seemingly no reason at all? Perhaps you have experienced a traumatic event or childhood neglect that is manifesting as fear, anxiety, or helplessness. Or it could be that you recognize the signs of depression but feel like you have nowhere to turn. If any of this sounds familiar, you are not alone. And I want to assure you that there is much we can do to help you find inner peace and greater contentment.
(415) 448-6952 View (415) 448-6952
Photo of Lisa Twilling, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Twilling
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a Psychologist with over 25yrs. experience working with individuals in psychotherapy. I help people who seek relief from dealing with life's challenges (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, stress management, relationship difficulties, etc.) and life transitions. I also specialize in Medical Psychology and work with people who are coping with health issues (e.g., adjusting to a medical diagnosis, managing an illness or chronic pain, coping with a loved one who suffers with an illness). Please contact me for a free phone consultation to discuss your specific situation and goals.
I am a Psychologist with over 25yrs. experience working with individuals in psychotherapy. I help people who seek relief from dealing with life's challenges (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, stress management, relationship difficulties, etc.) and life transitions. I also specialize in Medical Psychology and work with people who are coping with health issues (e.g., adjusting to a medical diagnosis, managing an illness or chronic pain, coping with a loved one who suffers with an illness). Please contact me for a free phone consultation to discuss your specific situation and goals.
(415) 659-9212 View (415) 659-9212
Photo of Lauren LaPointe - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lauren LaPointe - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Have you tried talk therapy before and eventually came to a place of feeling stuck or like it wasn't helping anymore? Are you struggling with feelings of depression, anxiety and chronic pain? Are you a part of the LGBTQ+ community and looking for a therapist who is knowledgeable about the struggles faced in this community? Do you need help navigating life transitions? Do you want to explore and better understand the dynamics of your family and friends? Do you need help processing challenging experiences or trauma? Are you curious about psychedelic assisted therapy? Or maybe you just want to deepen your understanding of yourself.
Have you tried talk therapy before and eventually came to a place of feeling stuck or like it wasn't helping anymore? Are you struggling with feelings of depression, anxiety and chronic pain? Are you a part of the LGBTQ+ community and looking for a therapist who is knowledgeable about the struggles faced in this community? Do you need help navigating life transitions? Do you want to explore and better understand the dynamics of your family and friends? Do you need help processing challenging experiences or trauma? Are you curious about psychedelic assisted therapy? Or maybe you just want to deepen your understanding of yourself.
(510) 345-1832 View (510) 345-1832
Photo of Shevi Loewinger, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Shevi Loewinger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
We all experience some level of depression, anxiety and low self esteem at some point in our lives. It can feel lonely and isolating. It affects our desires and aliveness, our ability to feel joy, fulfillment, and connection. We are craving to be understood and seen and have more clarity about our place in the world. We crave to find peace, self love and love from others. Healing starts with our relationship, client and therapist. Together we build a safe and brave space to meet the fears, to rediscover your intuition and creativity and to understand your unique experience, needs and wants.
We all experience some level of depression, anxiety and low self esteem at some point in our lives. It can feel lonely and isolating. It affects our desires and aliveness, our ability to feel joy, fulfillment, and connection. We are craving to be understood and seen and have more clarity about our place in the world. We crave to find peace, self love and love from others. Healing starts with our relationship, client and therapist. Together we build a safe and brave space to meet the fears, to rediscover your intuition and creativity and to understand your unique experience, needs and wants.
(415) 319-8665 View (415) 319-8665
Photo of Olga Rocklin Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Olga Rocklin Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Choosing to see a therapist is a courageous act; I applaud you for taking this step. Therapy works best when we collaborate. I believe that in working together in an authentic and curious way, we can figure out effective ways to meet your current challenges in a supportive environment. Learning to use wholesome coping skills is a central part of the work we'll do together.
Choosing to see a therapist is a courageous act; I applaud you for taking this step. Therapy works best when we collaborate. I believe that in working together in an authentic and curious way, we can figure out effective ways to meet your current challenges in a supportive environment. Learning to use wholesome coping skills is a central part of the work we'll do together.
(628) 265-4935 View (628) 265-4935
Photo of Amy Naber in San Francisco, CA
Amy Naber
MA, CHT, RCYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
Do you struggle with being enough? Anxious, stressed, sleepless nights because the mind won't stop ruminating about the past, present or future? Stuck in spiraling worry or negativity? Begin self care practices and then find yourself over eating or some other nightly behavior that doesn't feel good the next day? At Breathe w/ Amy Naber we will work together to end negativity, worry, hopelessness and any "STUCK" behaviors that keep you from living your best and balanced life. A recent client of Amy's, "For over two years 4 hrs of sleep was normal with Amy's help now consistent with 8, grateful".
Do you struggle with being enough? Anxious, stressed, sleepless nights because the mind won't stop ruminating about the past, present or future? Stuck in spiraling worry or negativity? Begin self care practices and then find yourself over eating or some other nightly behavior that doesn't feel good the next day? At Breathe w/ Amy Naber we will work together to end negativity, worry, hopelessness and any "STUCK" behaviors that keep you from living your best and balanced life. A recent client of Amy's, "For over two years 4 hrs of sleep was normal with Amy's help now consistent with 8, grateful".
(415) 493-9286 View (415) 493-9286
Photo of Dr. Alisha Saxena, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Alisha Saxena
Psychologist, PsyD, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
We all have moments of feeling isolated and “stuck.” This can stem from the difference between what your life looks like now and how you would like it to be. The stress of this disconnection can seep into all aspects of your world: socially withdrawing or getting into more arguments can lead to depression and relationship conflict. You might feel like what you do is never “good enough,” increasing anxiety. You might hide your stress by focusing on what you can control, particularly after traumatic events. Therapy can help bring back joy and spontaneity into your life, helping you feel more fulfilled and energized.
We all have moments of feeling isolated and “stuck.” This can stem from the difference between what your life looks like now and how you would like it to be. The stress of this disconnection can seep into all aspects of your world: socially withdrawing or getting into more arguments can lead to depression and relationship conflict. You might feel like what you do is never “good enough,” increasing anxiety. You might hide your stress by focusing on what you can control, particularly after traumatic events. Therapy can help bring back joy and spontaneity into your life, helping you feel more fulfilled and energized.
(415) 449-9588 View (415) 449-9588
Photo of Taylor Langley, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Taylor Langley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
I am here to help you find some peace and calm in this storm of life. Although that sounds a bit cliche, life seems to be getting more complicated by the day- I want to support you in whatever way you or your family need. My experience is with a range of issues, ages, and cultural diversities, including working through family conflict, helping with behavior modification for your young child or learning how to connect with your teen. I also work with adults dealing with job stress, relationship issues, or those struggling to find passion and drive.
I am here to help you find some peace and calm in this storm of life. Although that sounds a bit cliche, life seems to be getting more complicated by the day- I want to support you in whatever way you or your family need. My experience is with a range of issues, ages, and cultural diversities, including working through family conflict, helping with behavior modification for your young child or learning how to connect with your teen. I also work with adults dealing with job stress, relationship issues, or those struggling to find passion and drive.
(628) 209-5303 View (628) 209-5303
Photo of Dario Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dario Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Thank you for visiting my profile. I feel honored whenever people allow me into their lives—especially when they don’t know me. As a therapist, my primary areas of focus are trauma, addictions, anxiety and relationships.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I feel honored whenever people allow me into their lives—especially when they don’t know me. As a therapist, my primary areas of focus are trauma, addictions, anxiety and relationships.
(415) 481-3580 View (415) 481-3580

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.