Therapists in West Chester, PA

Photo of Hannah Gilmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Hannah Gilmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
(484) 276-3873 View (484) 276-3873
Photo of Camilla Coakley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Camilla Coakley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
You are here because you know something has got to change. Are you self-critical? Do you have that depleting sense of never feeling good enough? Do you hyperfocus on your flaws, fears, or what others may think of you? Have you "let yourself go"? Do you feel overwhelmed or exhausted? Are you wanting to feel calm, light, accomplished, and confident? Has traditional therapy left you feeling like something was missing? My expertise is in mind-body therapy which helps you to work through your old patterns and offers you concrete tools to help you make small, yet profound, changes that support and nourish both the mind and the body.
You are here because you know something has got to change. Are you self-critical? Do you have that depleting sense of never feeling good enough? Do you hyperfocus on your flaws, fears, or what others may think of you? Have you "let yourself go"? Do you feel overwhelmed or exhausted? Are you wanting to feel calm, light, accomplished, and confident? Has traditional therapy left you feeling like something was missing? My expertise is in mind-body therapy which helps you to work through your old patterns and offers you concrete tools to help you make small, yet profound, changes that support and nourish both the mind and the body.
(484) 209-5209 View (484) 209-5209
Photo of Lauren Matturro, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Lauren Matturro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I strive to bring genuineness to my therapeutic work. My humor, creativity, and warmth help me support clients on the path to reaching their goals. Through the use of evidence-based treatments, I have successfully helped clients address difficulties caused by various presentations of OCD (including harm OCD, scrupulosity, “just right,” perfectionism, and pedophilia OCD), generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and adjustment disorders in clients of varying ages, sexual orientations, and gender identities. I also have experience working with clients diagnosed with ADHD, ASD, PTSD, depression, mood disorders, and personality disorders.
I strive to bring genuineness to my therapeutic work. My humor, creativity, and warmth help me support clients on the path to reaching their goals. Through the use of evidence-based treatments, I have successfully helped clients address difficulties caused by various presentations of OCD (including harm OCD, scrupulosity, “just right,” perfectionism, and pedophilia OCD), generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and adjustment disorders in clients of varying ages, sexual orientations, and gender identities. I also have experience working with clients diagnosed with ADHD, ASD, PTSD, depression, mood disorders, and personality disorders.
(484) 989-9784 View (484) 989-9784
Photo of Veronica Lattanzi, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Veronica Lattanzi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be overwhelming and full of challenges. I believe we all have the need for a little help at times; someone who listens without judgment and encourages personal growth. I focus on providing compassionate, strength based, quality counseling and support individuals in developing new tools to better address troubling issues.
Life can be overwhelming and full of challenges. I believe we all have the need for a little help at times; someone who listens without judgment and encourages personal growth. I focus on providing compassionate, strength based, quality counseling and support individuals in developing new tools to better address troubling issues.
(484) 229-6719 View (484) 229-6719
Photo of Heather Tuckman, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Heather Tuckman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
I specialize in helping people cope with challenging life transitions, especially as related to difficult emotional situations, physical health or medical conditions. Some transitions, such as the birth of a child, are joyous, but still trying. Other transitions, like diagnosis of an illness or disability, can be frightening, necessitating reevaluation of life choices and daily routines. It's common to feel overpowered by questions about the future, but you may need skilled help to face the big questions and work out manageable solutions. I can help you reduce anxiety, fear, anger, or depression, and move towards productivity, happiness, and acceptance.
I specialize in helping people cope with challenging life transitions, especially as related to difficult emotional situations, physical health or medical conditions. Some transitions, such as the birth of a child, are joyous, but still trying. Other transitions, like diagnosis of an illness or disability, can be frightening, necessitating reevaluation of life choices and daily routines. It's common to feel overpowered by questions about the future, but you may need skilled help to face the big questions and work out manageable solutions. I can help you reduce anxiety, fear, anger, or depression, and move towards productivity, happiness, and acceptance.
(610) 430-1430 View (610) 430-1430
Photo of Stacy Brumage, Counselor in West Chester, PA
Stacy Brumage
Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
I focus my work with individuals and couples to improve connection and secure functioning within relationships. I also work individuals dealing with affair recovery and betrayal trauma. Additionally, a large part of my practice focuses on healing from past traumas. During big life events we all need support, compassion, understanding, and sometimes guidance to return to feeling whole, connected, and allow joy back into our lives. Learning to care for yourself and using evidence based tools to improve your life will be our focus. My hope is to help you heal so you manage life's stressors and feel confident to face the world.
I focus my work with individuals and couples to improve connection and secure functioning within relationships. I also work individuals dealing with affair recovery and betrayal trauma. Additionally, a large part of my practice focuses on healing from past traumas. During big life events we all need support, compassion, understanding, and sometimes guidance to return to feeling whole, connected, and allow joy back into our lives. Learning to care for yourself and using evidence based tools to improve your life will be our focus. My hope is to help you heal so you manage life's stressors and feel confident to face the world.
(215) 709-7879 View (215) 709-7879
Photo of Kelly Kowalchuk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Kelly Kowalchuk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380  (Online Only)
Grief can be an intricate and isolating experience for People Pleasers. The constant desire to please others adds a unique layer to the tasks faced during the grieving process, often leading individuals to disregard their own needs and emotions. You do not have to navigate this journey alone. We will embark on a compassionate and nonjudgmental narrative approach to address the tasks of grief. In our sessions, your goals to restore balance to your entire being—mind, body, and spirit—will be our focus, and one step at a time, we will work towards fostering healthy relationships and enhancing self-advocacy. Ask me about Walk & Talk!
Grief can be an intricate and isolating experience for People Pleasers. The constant desire to please others adds a unique layer to the tasks faced during the grieving process, often leading individuals to disregard their own needs and emotions. You do not have to navigate this journey alone. We will embark on a compassionate and nonjudgmental narrative approach to address the tasks of grief. In our sessions, your goals to restore balance to your entire being—mind, body, and spirit—will be our focus, and one step at a time, we will work towards fostering healthy relationships and enhancing self-advocacy. Ask me about Walk & Talk!
(484) 946-3989 View (484) 946-3989
Photo of Tracey Dugan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Tracey Dugan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
My clients are primarily parents who are experiencing perinatal depression, anxiety and trauma or who have experienced a miscarriage, stillbirth or infant loss, and/or pregnancy complications. Their goal is to feel better as soon as possible. They need an experienced, confident and caring therapist who knows how to help them in their distress. My clients are looking for someone that can teach them skills that they can use both now and for the rest of their lives. I am licensed in both PA and NJ.
My clients are primarily parents who are experiencing perinatal depression, anxiety and trauma or who have experienced a miscarriage, stillbirth or infant loss, and/or pregnancy complications. Their goal is to feel better as soon as possible. They need an experienced, confident and caring therapist who knows how to help them in their distress. My clients are looking for someone that can teach them skills that they can use both now and for the rest of their lives. I am licensed in both PA and NJ.
(484) 271-0533 View (484) 271-0533
Photo of Michelle Perna, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Michelle Perna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
(484) 749-0921 View (484) 749-0921
Photo of Theresa Brickhouse-White, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Chester, PA
Theresa Brickhouse-White
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Brickhouse Complete Health is Accepting New Clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed or looking for a change in your life? Perhaps you are navigating life transitions or on a road of self-discovery. You deserve peace amid the stresses and challenges in this world. I strive to help individuals discover the tools to make the choices that will allow them to live a healthy and abundant life. As a certified personal trainer, I can also offer sessions that combine the beneficial effects of physical activity on an individual's mood and quality of life. Are you grieving? Ask me about GriefShare grief support group.
Brickhouse Complete Health is Accepting New Clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed or looking for a change in your life? Perhaps you are navigating life transitions or on a road of self-discovery. You deserve peace amid the stresses and challenges in this world. I strive to help individuals discover the tools to make the choices that will allow them to live a healthy and abundant life. As a certified personal trainer, I can also offer sessions that combine the beneficial effects of physical activity on an individual's mood and quality of life. Are you grieving? Ask me about GriefShare grief support group.
(610) 601-3787 View (610) 601-3787
Photo of Callie Fraser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Callie Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
I enjoy working with young adults into their 30s and beyond who are struggling with any level of anxiety or depression. As our world attempts to simplify through technology and continues to change, it brings with it a changing culture and way of life that is not always helpful for our mental health. Many of us tend to put the world on our shoulders, but forget to care for ourselves. The pressure to "be successful" and fit society's expectations and timelines is a lot to carry. Rather than just managing this anxiety, we can figure out what goals and values are truly your own.
I enjoy working with young adults into their 30s and beyond who are struggling with any level of anxiety or depression. As our world attempts to simplify through technology and continues to change, it brings with it a changing culture and way of life that is not always helpful for our mental health. Many of us tend to put the world on our shoulders, but forget to care for ourselves. The pressure to "be successful" and fit society's expectations and timelines is a lot to carry. Rather than just managing this anxiety, we can figure out what goals and values are truly your own.
(610) 601-5849 View (610) 601-5849
Photo of Elaine McKinney, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Elaine McKinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CEDS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Do you feel stuck, powerless, and unable to develop sustainable strategies for long-term health? Are you hoping to challenge your inner critic? Is it hard to cultivate self-compassion? I help individuals find a peaceful relationship with their mind, body, and soul. I will work with you to help identify what is keeping you stuck and what you need to do to return to a place of balance.
Do you feel stuck, powerless, and unable to develop sustainable strategies for long-term health? Are you hoping to challenge your inner critic? Is it hard to cultivate self-compassion? I help individuals find a peaceful relationship with their mind, body, and soul. I will work with you to help identify what is keeping you stuck and what you need to do to return to a place of balance.
(484) 878-5825 View (484) 878-5825
Photo of Carolyn Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Carolyn Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
Feeling stuck? Let me help. I believe therapy should empower individuals towards developing a healthier relationship with self and others. My general goal when working with clients is to increase authenticity, competence, and open mindedness.
Feeling stuck? Let me help. I believe therapy should empower individuals towards developing a healthier relationship with self and others. My general goal when working with clients is to increase authenticity, competence, and open mindedness.
(610) 897-0641 View (610) 897-0641
Photo of Melissa Avery, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Melissa Avery
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
I believe the most important element of effective psychotherapy is the genuine connection between the patient and therapist. My approach to therapy is interactive, supportive, and empathetic. I see psychotherapy as a creative process and my patients as co-partners in this process of exploration and discovery. It is my goal to provide a safe and comfortable environment for you to present your challenges, needs, and goals, and for these topics to be met with empathy and without judgement. You have all the strength you need inside you; it is my goal to assist you in accessing that strength and utilizing it on your journey.
I believe the most important element of effective psychotherapy is the genuine connection between the patient and therapist. My approach to therapy is interactive, supportive, and empathetic. I see psychotherapy as a creative process and my patients as co-partners in this process of exploration and discovery. It is my goal to provide a safe and comfortable environment for you to present your challenges, needs, and goals, and for these topics to be met with empathy and without judgement. You have all the strength you need inside you; it is my goal to assist you in accessing that strength and utilizing it on your journey.
(267) 263-7590 View (267) 263-7590
Photo of Toni Marie Giordano, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Toni Marie Giordano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Not accepting new clients
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
(484) 786-0464 View (484) 786-0464
Photo of Candice Kroemelbein, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Candice Kroemelbein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
My ideal client would be someone motivated to do the work on themselves, open to feedback, and doesn't mind being open with me. I do not have a preference; as far as diagnosis, I have a preference for clients who know what they want and are willing to let me help them to get there.
My ideal client would be someone motivated to do the work on themselves, open to feedback, and doesn't mind being open with me. I do not have a preference; as far as diagnosis, I have a preference for clients who know what they want and are willing to let me help them to get there.
(484) 897-7968 View (484) 897-7968
Photo of Erin Hipple, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Erin Hipple
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
I am a white, queer, disabled, non-binary femme. I have worked as a therapist in a variety of settings, including inpatient mental health facilities, outpatient community mental health services, women's shelters, and university settings. These experiences have led me to pursue a liberation-based, anti-carceral, and non-pathologizing approach to mental health support. I have worked with individuals experiencing a variety of expressions of distress including: depression, anxiety, stress, struggles with intimacy and boundaries, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, complicated and disenfranchised grief, and trauma-related stress.
I am a white, queer, disabled, non-binary femme. I have worked as a therapist in a variety of settings, including inpatient mental health facilities, outpatient community mental health services, women's shelters, and university settings. These experiences have led me to pursue a liberation-based, anti-carceral, and non-pathologizing approach to mental health support. I have worked with individuals experiencing a variety of expressions of distress including: depression, anxiety, stress, struggles with intimacy and boundaries, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, complicated and disenfranchised grief, and trauma-related stress.
(484) 648-2767 View (484) 648-2767
Photo of Thomas Murray, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Chester, PA
Thomas Murray
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
As a therapist who has worked in the field of mental health counseling for over 14 years, I bring a wide range of experience to help those on their life journey discover the power of change and healing. Whether you are a teen or adult experiencing problems with addiction, anxiety and depression, trauma or OCD- or simply need additional support during a difficult period in life, I will be committed to helping you discover and recover the true potential for change that lies within. I am a firm believer in the power of freeing the inner voice, of learning to bring forth and nurturing the true self that deserves peace and validation.
As a therapist who has worked in the field of mental health counseling for over 14 years, I bring a wide range of experience to help those on their life journey discover the power of change and healing. Whether you are a teen or adult experiencing problems with addiction, anxiety and depression, trauma or OCD- or simply need additional support during a difficult period in life, I will be committed to helping you discover and recover the true potential for change that lies within. I am a firm believer in the power of freeing the inner voice, of learning to bring forth and nurturing the true self that deserves peace and validation.
(484) 939-8513 View (484) 939-8513
Photo of Kirsten Burks, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Kirsten Burks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , NCC , MSEd
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
I support those who are experiencing anxiety & depression and are looking for coping skills to help them. I can assist someone to uncover and understand the relationship that factors in their lives can have on their mental health symptoms. Additionally, I can help uncover negative patterns that maintain a lack of progress. An ideal client would be someone who comes to treatment open-minded, asks questions, and is open to sharing their thoughts, concerns, and questions. This way, the ideal collaboration between therapist and client can occur to achieve the most genuine success through treatment.
I support those who are experiencing anxiety & depression and are looking for coping skills to help them. I can assist someone to uncover and understand the relationship that factors in their lives can have on their mental health symptoms. Additionally, I can help uncover negative patterns that maintain a lack of progress. An ideal client would be someone who comes to treatment open-minded, asks questions, and is open to sharing their thoughts, concerns, and questions. This way, the ideal collaboration between therapist and client can occur to achieve the most genuine success through treatment.
(484) 372-4093 View (484) 372-4093
Photo of reNEW You Counseling and Wellness, LLC , Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
reNEW You Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
There is help for you, your child, teen, young adult, and family! We passionately serve all of our clients with the goal to help them reach their highest potential. We believe in early intervention and supporting people through their feelings, thoughts, transitions, and adversities as early as possible in order to reduce the onset of more serious psychopathology in later years. We also believe in compassionately supporting the family system and educating parents on childhood development, parenting strategies, healthier ways to manage their own emotions, breaking generational trauma, and learn healthier communication and connection.
There is help for you, your child, teen, young adult, and family! We passionately serve all of our clients with the goal to help them reach their highest potential. We believe in early intervention and supporting people through their feelings, thoughts, transitions, and adversities as early as possible in order to reduce the onset of more serious psychopathology in later years. We also believe in compassionately supporting the family system and educating parents on childhood development, parenting strategies, healthier ways to manage their own emotions, breaking generational trauma, and learn healthier communication and connection.
(504) 372-0954 View (504) 372-0954

See more therapy options for West Chester

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Chester, PA

600+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in West Chester, PA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
76% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD
63% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Chester, PA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Chester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.