Therapists in Rochester, NY

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Photo of Sue E Ouellette, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Sue E Ouellette
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
(815) 357-4053 View (815) 357-4053
Photo of Zoie Presutti, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Zoie Presutti
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Now taking Excellus BlueCross and BlueShield plans! Do you feel like you have not found your path in life? Do you struggle to feel comfortable in your own skin and find that you talk to yourself negatively? Do you need someone to share the weight and help you to maneuver through the rough roads of life? I offer a safe place to explore your path in life and the hurdles that get in the way of being the best you. I empower individuals to evaluate their patterns of behavior and create a more fulfilling path in life. Thank you for giving yourself the chance to create happiness and personal growth.
Now taking Excellus BlueCross and BlueShield plans! Do you feel like you have not found your path in life? Do you struggle to feel comfortable in your own skin and find that you talk to yourself negatively? Do you need someone to share the weight and help you to maneuver through the rough roads of life? I offer a safe place to explore your path in life and the hurdles that get in the way of being the best you. I empower individuals to evaluate their patterns of behavior and create a more fulfilling path in life. Thank you for giving yourself the chance to create happiness and personal growth.
(716) 671-4405 View (716) 671-4405
Photo of Jessica L Pruitt, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Jessica L Pruitt
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
On the outside it looks like you have it all together but on the inside it feels like your drowning. You find your mind is constantly racing with worry about how others will see you, fear they won't like you and everything you feel like you have to do. People often call you a perfectionist but that's just your way of controlling what they can see. You constantly feel shame or guilt when your life doesn't look like others. Only now you've done so much to try and keep up the perfect mask that you've forgotten who you really are. You've decided that you deserve to know and live life as your real self.
On the outside it looks like you have it all together but on the inside it feels like your drowning. You find your mind is constantly racing with worry about how others will see you, fear they won't like you and everything you feel like you have to do. People often call you a perfectionist but that's just your way of controlling what they can see. You constantly feel shame or guilt when your life doesn't look like others. Only now you've done so much to try and keep up the perfect mask that you've forgotten who you really are. You've decided that you deserve to know and live life as your real self.
(585) 299-5758 View (585) 299-5758
Photo of Nadine Heitz, Psychologist in Rochester, NY
Nadine Heitz
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14623
Dr. Nadine Heitz brings a wealth of experience in psychology and education to her work as a compassionate and skillful psychologist. She started her career as a high school Biology and Chemistry teacher and soon discovered her love of helping students navigate their paths to becoming well-adjusted young adults. She subsequently pursued her master’s and doctoral degrees in psychology and continued her work as a professor and clinician. Throughout her career, Dr. Heitz has supported, coached and mentored people of all ages through her clinical work in hospitals, K-12 schools, universities, and private practice settings.
Dr. Nadine Heitz brings a wealth of experience in psychology and education to her work as a compassionate and skillful psychologist. She started her career as a high school Biology and Chemistry teacher and soon discovered her love of helping students navigate their paths to becoming well-adjusted young adults. She subsequently pursued her master’s and doctoral degrees in psychology and continued her work as a professor and clinician. Throughout her career, Dr. Heitz has supported, coached and mentored people of all ages through her clinical work in hospitals, K-12 schools, universities, and private practice settings.
(585) 460-4958 x1 View (585) 460-4958 x1
Photo of Leah E Mead, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Leah E Mead
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
Hi, I'm Leah (she/her). If you’re struggling with life stressors, past traumas, difficulty in relationships, or just want to improve yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is very genuine, accepting, and collaborative. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone, and I am here to assist and empower you to become the person you want to be.
Hi, I'm Leah (she/her). If you’re struggling with life stressors, past traumas, difficulty in relationships, or just want to improve yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is very genuine, accepting, and collaborative. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone, and I am here to assist and empower you to become the person you want to be.
(585) 565-6931 View (585) 565-6931
Photo of LaKeisha Poole, Counselor in Rochester, NY
LaKeisha Poole
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14609  (Online Only)
Welcome to my page! Therapy can be challenging but discomfort is where change happens. Have you been a victim of generational trauma and you are ready to break the cycle? Are you struggling with the next step in your life? Are you having trouble connecting with others or managing your relationships? Has setting boundaries been difficult for you? Do you struggle with communication? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, I may be the right fit for you! If you are here, then one of the hardest parts is already done. You will laugh, you will cry, you will swear, but with me, you will grow. You ARE ready! Let's Connect!
Welcome to my page! Therapy can be challenging but discomfort is where change happens. Have you been a victim of generational trauma and you are ready to break the cycle? Are you struggling with the next step in your life? Are you having trouble connecting with others or managing your relationships? Has setting boundaries been difficult for you? Do you struggle with communication? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, I may be the right fit for you! If you are here, then one of the hardest parts is already done. You will laugh, you will cry, you will swear, but with me, you will grow. You ARE ready! Let's Connect!
(585) 620-1553 View (585) 620-1553
Photo of Marilyn Sydlo Guadagnino, Creative Arts Therapist in Rochester, NY
Marilyn Sydlo Guadagnino
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT, MT-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
A warm welcome to you. If you struggle with anxiety, depression or overwhelming stress, you will find my holistic approach to counseling, focusing on mind/body/spirit healing very helpful. I offer out-of-the-box tips to feel less stress and I use creative techniques such as music therapy to help you heal. I include eastern spirituality in my work with people as a tool for finding more fulfillment and meaning in life. If you have already tried the traditional methods of therapy for anxiety, trauma and depression and are looking for something deeper, this combination of therapy & spirituality may be exactly what you need. Contact me.
A warm welcome to you. If you struggle with anxiety, depression or overwhelming stress, you will find my holistic approach to counseling, focusing on mind/body/spirit healing very helpful. I offer out-of-the-box tips to feel less stress and I use creative techniques such as music therapy to help you heal. I include eastern spirituality in my work with people as a tool for finding more fulfillment and meaning in life. If you have already tried the traditional methods of therapy for anxiety, trauma and depression and are looking for something deeper, this combination of therapy & spirituality may be exactly what you need. Contact me.
(585) 542-2179 View (585) 542-2179
Photo of Robert Meadows, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Robert Meadows
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT-S
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
You're troubled and don't know the way out. The strategies you may have tried--addictions, ruminating, blaming others or yourself, and secrecy--don't hold the answers and increase your suffering. I would be happy to talk with you about your situation and explore how therapy could help you find the way out. I understand about addiction, trauma, and the difficulty of feeling safe and learning to trust again. I can help you take charge of your life and solve problems so that you can cultivate happiness from within and create a better life for yourself.
You're troubled and don't know the way out. The strategies you may have tried--addictions, ruminating, blaming others or yourself, and secrecy--don't hold the answers and increase your suffering. I would be happy to talk with you about your situation and explore how therapy could help you find the way out. I understand about addiction, trauma, and the difficulty of feeling safe and learning to trust again. I can help you take charge of your life and solve problems so that you can cultivate happiness from within and create a better life for yourself.
(585) 735-0062 x3 View (585) 735-0062 x3
Photo of Laura Allison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Laura Allison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed, frustrated or unhappy? Have you encountered an unexpected bump in the road and now feel lost, confused, angry or sad? Do you want to make a change in your life but feel stuck about where to begin? I believe that everyone has the capacity to face challenges and manage stress, with the right type of support and confidence.
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed, frustrated or unhappy? Have you encountered an unexpected bump in the road and now feel lost, confused, angry or sad? Do you want to make a change in your life but feel stuck about where to begin? I believe that everyone has the capacity to face challenges and manage stress, with the right type of support and confidence.
(585) 449-9597 View (585) 449-9597
Photo of Meghan Crough, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Meghan Crough
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
Life should be Better than it often is. You know that your life isn't quite where you want it to be. I am committed to helping you achieve high quality answers to your deepest questions. I work with individuals, couples and families to get what you truly want. My therapy is engaging, useful and a powerful support for positive change in your life. Some Testimonials: Just a note to say that you were such a breath of fresh air when I needed it most. I have totally enjoyed talking with you, so affirming and perspective adjusting. Thanks, Meghan! -KW
Life should be Better than it often is. You know that your life isn't quite where you want it to be. I am committed to helping you achieve high quality answers to your deepest questions. I work with individuals, couples and families to get what you truly want. My therapy is engaging, useful and a powerful support for positive change in your life. Some Testimonials: Just a note to say that you were such a breath of fresh air when I needed it most. I have totally enjoyed talking with you, so affirming and perspective adjusting. Thanks, Meghan! -KW
(585) 228-0386 View (585) 228-0386
Photo of Jay W Pruiett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Jay W Pruiett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Thank you for visiting my site and for your interest in professional counseling. If you are ready to feel better, please call me for a free telephone consultation and to talk about how therapy can help. If you want to strengthen your marriage, repair a damaged relationship, manage anxiety and depression more effectively, or change bad habits, and if you are motivated to change your life, then you are looking in the right place. After nearly 30 years of practice, I know that psychotherapy works and I encourage you to explore how therapy might work for you.
Thank you for visiting my site and for your interest in professional counseling. If you are ready to feel better, please call me for a free telephone consultation and to talk about how therapy can help. If you want to strengthen your marriage, repair a damaged relationship, manage anxiety and depression more effectively, or change bad habits, and if you are motivated to change your life, then you are looking in the right place. After nearly 30 years of practice, I know that psychotherapy works and I encourage you to explore how therapy might work for you.
(585) 563-1020 View (585) 563-1020
Photo of Nicole Berardo in Rochester, NY
Nicole Berardo
MHC-P
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Hello & Welcome! I am honored that you are considering me as a therapist for yourself or a loved one. I have experience working with individuals, couples, & families helping them navigate various life transitions associated with grief & loss, the college experience, & emerging adulthood. I have experience working with schools through my role as a School Counselor. Being a certified Mindfulness Coach, I strive to offer you the opportunity to enjoy life more fully by learning how to live in the moment! I enjoy helping clients gain a sense of empowerment, to use their inner strength and voice.
Hello & Welcome! I am honored that you are considering me as a therapist for yourself or a loved one. I have experience working with individuals, couples, & families helping them navigate various life transitions associated with grief & loss, the college experience, & emerging adulthood. I have experience working with schools through my role as a School Counselor. Being a certified Mindfulness Coach, I strive to offer you the opportunity to enjoy life more fully by learning how to live in the moment! I enjoy helping clients gain a sense of empowerment, to use their inner strength and voice.
(585) 595-0783 View (585) 595-0783
Photo of L. Robert Veeder in Rochester, NY
L. Robert Veeder
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
Struggling with substance use disorders can often be lonely, isolating and confusing. There is a lot of help offered out there, but so often what's being offered can be confusing and conflicting. Is addiction a behavior? A spiritual malady? A disease? Or is it something more? My own path of recovery took me many attempts and eventually led me to school to seek the science behind substance use disorders, to recovery rooms, to many therapists for personal recovery, and to lots of different religious avenues in search of meaning and understanding. What I found has illuminated my own path and practice. I love to pass these insights on.
Struggling with substance use disorders can often be lonely, isolating and confusing. There is a lot of help offered out there, but so often what's being offered can be confusing and conflicting. Is addiction a behavior? A spiritual malady? A disease? Or is it something more? My own path of recovery took me many attempts and eventually led me to school to seek the science behind substance use disorders, to recovery rooms, to many therapists for personal recovery, and to lots of different religious avenues in search of meaning and understanding. What I found has illuminated my own path and practice. I love to pass these insights on.
(585) 229-8933 View (585) 229-8933
Photo of Andrea Witter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Andrea Witter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14624
I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. The patients I see often come to me with issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self harm and childhood trauma.
I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. The patients I see often come to me with issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self harm and childhood trauma.
(585) 326-9028 View (585) 326-9028
Photo of Julia Massay-Donato, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Julia Massay-Donato
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and have been practicing for over 9 years with individuals, couples, parents and children. I specialize in issues around anxiety, life transitions, relationships, self-esteem, trauma, women and families. I have most experience working with young adults and couples and always work to initially create trust and comfort, so clients can gain strength in their vulnerability. I feel strongly that all individuals deserve to feel and experience their best selves, no matter what has happened in their lives. We have one life, and I want everyone to feel like they can enjoy theirs.
Hi there! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and have been practicing for over 9 years with individuals, couples, parents and children. I specialize in issues around anxiety, life transitions, relationships, self-esteem, trauma, women and families. I have most experience working with young adults and couples and always work to initially create trust and comfort, so clients can gain strength in their vulnerability. I feel strongly that all individuals deserve to feel and experience their best selves, no matter what has happened in their lives. We have one life, and I want everyone to feel like they can enjoy theirs.
(315) 825-6257 View (315) 825-6257
Photo of Clarissa L. Wood, Psychologist in Rochester, NY
Clarissa L. Wood
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
Please be aware that I am only seeing clients through telehealth at this time. I am a licensed psychologist with a passion for helping young adults navigate the challenges and transitions that come with this stage of life. I believe in creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Please be aware that I am only seeing clients through telehealth at this time. I am a licensed psychologist with a passion for helping young adults navigate the challenges and transitions that come with this stage of life. I believe in creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
(585) 632-1671 View (585) 632-1671
Photo of Gail Ferraioli in Rochester, NY
Gail Ferraioli
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
Are you hoping to renew or deepen passion and joy in your relationship? Wondering how to reconnect and feel alive together? Desiring more harmony in your home or family? Searching for greater clarity, purpose or to calm inner conflict? Thinking about divorce and wondering if you have "tried everything"? When you need a relationship specialist, I offer guidance, support and mediation that builds upon trust, respect and dignity. I welcome couples who wish to strengthen their relationships, families experiencing conflict, and people seeking to resolve conflict within themselves, in congregations, and within extended families.
Are you hoping to renew or deepen passion and joy in your relationship? Wondering how to reconnect and feel alive together? Desiring more harmony in your home or family? Searching for greater clarity, purpose or to calm inner conflict? Thinking about divorce and wondering if you have "tried everything"? When you need a relationship specialist, I offer guidance, support and mediation that builds upon trust, respect and dignity. I welcome couples who wish to strengthen their relationships, families experiencing conflict, and people seeking to resolve conflict within themselves, in congregations, and within extended families.
(585) 447-5029 View (585) 447-5029
Photo of Christie Fogal in Rochester, NY
Christie Fogal
LMSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14626
Life can be difficult; you've come to the right place to navigate these challenges. I offer a warm, empathetic, judgment-free, and safe space where we can work together to find the root cause of concerns you, your family, or child have. I am here to help explore issues related to irritability, anger, low mood, lack of motivation, self-harm, and/or aggression. I have experience working intensively with families, couples, adolescents, and children struggling with OCD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, mood, substance use, family conflict, school behaviors, aggression and/or behavioral issues.
Life can be difficult; you've come to the right place to navigate these challenges. I offer a warm, empathetic, judgment-free, and safe space where we can work together to find the root cause of concerns you, your family, or child have. I am here to help explore issues related to irritability, anger, low mood, lack of motivation, self-harm, and/or aggression. I have experience working intensively with families, couples, adolescents, and children struggling with OCD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, mood, substance use, family conflict, school behaviors, aggression and/or behavioral issues.
(585) 513-2904 View (585) 513-2904
Photo of Lisa Marie McClary in Rochester, NY
Lisa Marie McClary
Lisa, McClary, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14614
A Licensed Social Worker with 13 years of experience in mental health counseling, crisis management and mental health assessments. I hold a Master’s Degree in Social Work with a concentration in Mental Health and School Social Work. I use a generalist practice approach, while incorporating solution focused therapy, client-centered therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and spiritual therapy. I believe, at least for most people, a deep-seated sense of meaning and purpose in life, together with a sense of belonging, is of foundational importance to psychological well-being and wholeness.
A Licensed Social Worker with 13 years of experience in mental health counseling, crisis management and mental health assessments. I hold a Master’s Degree in Social Work with a concentration in Mental Health and School Social Work. I use a generalist practice approach, while incorporating solution focused therapy, client-centered therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and spiritual therapy. I believe, at least for most people, a deep-seated sense of meaning and purpose in life, together with a sense of belonging, is of foundational importance to psychological well-being and wholeness.
(585) 326-9872 View (585) 326-9872
Photo of Natalie Neil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Natalie Neil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607  (Online Only)
I love what I do...helping people to manage more effectively and live the lives they want to! I know how anxiety and depression can impact a persons life, but I also know that people can learn skills to manage better. Maybe you have been in therapy before, and are really looking for skills to do things different? I am very solution focused. If you want to master any aspects of your life, and are invested in moving forward, then I would love to work with you!
I love what I do...helping people to manage more effectively and live the lives they want to! I know how anxiety and depression can impact a persons life, but I also know that people can learn skills to manage better. Maybe you have been in therapy before, and are really looking for skills to do things different? I am very solution focused. If you want to master any aspects of your life, and are invested in moving forward, then I would love to work with you!
(585) 326-8589 View (585) 326-8589

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rochester, NY

800+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Rochester, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Rochester, NY see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rochester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.