Therapists in Troutdale, OR

Photo of Patricia Schindeldecker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Patricia Schindeldecker, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Not accepting new clients
Perhaps you are searching for some help with your life challenges and want to find someone who can listen, understand, and help you to sort out confusing thoughts and feelings. As a seasoned and experienced counselor with over 25 years in the counseling field, I will use an eclectic approach to your counseling needs. I draw from a wide range of experiences from my work in schools, out-patient clinics, and private practice. I work with adults only.
Perhaps you are searching for some help with your life challenges and want to find someone who can listen, understand, and help you to sort out confusing thoughts and feelings. As a seasoned and experienced counselor with over 25 years in the counseling field, I will use an eclectic approach to your counseling needs. I draw from a wide range of experiences from my work in schools, out-patient clinics, and private practice. I work with adults only.
(503) 738-1899 View (503) 738-1899
Photo of Rita Soman, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Rita Soman
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, CADCIII
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
The heart of my private practice is to assist people in healing the causes of their issues stemming from physical, emotional or addictive struggles, to live a happy, healthy and vibrant life doing what they love. I use a a blend of processes like Hypnosis, PSYCH-K, NLP, The Emotion Code, The Healing Codes, Ho’oponopono, and Access Consciousness in counseling my clients with lasting results. I have found these processes as very effective​.
The heart of my private practice is to assist people in healing the causes of their issues stemming from physical, emotional or addictive struggles, to live a happy, healthy and vibrant life doing what they love. I use a a blend of processes like Hypnosis, PSYCH-K, NLP, The Emotion Code, The Healing Codes, Ho’oponopono, and Access Consciousness in counseling my clients with lasting results. I have found these processes as very effective​.
(503) 479-4925 View (503) 479-4925
Photo of Amy Detweiler Salazar, Psy.D., Psychologist in Troutdale, OR
Amy Detweiler Salazar, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Not accepting new clients
I view individuals from a psychodynamic perspective (insight oriented approach that looks at past patterns and experiences and how they affect current relationships and behavior). However, I work with you based on where you are functioning and use a variety of therapeutic techniques. An effective working relationship is the most important factor in therapy and that is what we work on at the beginning of treatment and continue to assess throughout our work together. I view the therapeutic process as a collaborative effort and appreciate feedback from you about your goals and progress in treatment.
I view individuals from a psychodynamic perspective (insight oriented approach that looks at past patterns and experiences and how they affect current relationships and behavior). However, I work with you based on where you are functioning and use a variety of therapeutic techniques. An effective working relationship is the most important factor in therapy and that is what we work on at the beginning of treatment and continue to assess throughout our work together. I view the therapeutic process as a collaborative effort and appreciate feedback from you about your goals and progress in treatment.
(503) 966-3287 View (503) 966-3287
Photo of Maureen A O'Donnell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Maureen A O'Donnell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, Jungian, Analyst
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, the aftereffects of trauma, and life-transitions. If you are feeling hopelessness, despair, anger, or lack motivation, you are probably suffering from depression. Excessive worry and fears are signs of anxiety. Symptoms of trauma can include: panic attacks, anxiety, hyper-vigilance, anger, depression, and dissociation.
I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, the aftereffects of trauma, and life-transitions. If you are feeling hopelessness, despair, anger, or lack motivation, you are probably suffering from depression. Excessive worry and fears are signs of anxiety. Symptoms of trauma can include: panic attacks, anxiety, hyper-vigilance, anger, depression, and dissociation.
(503) 880-0966 View (503) 880-0966
Photo of Jamie Young, Psychologist in Troutdale, OR
Jamie Young
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for viewing my profile. At this time, my practice is full and I anticipate that I will not be available to onboard new clients for several months (likely late spring/summer 2023). If you are a former client of this practice or my practice in a university/college counseling center, please do reach out for support and to discuss options for our continued care or referral to a trusted colleague.
Thank you for viewing my profile. At this time, my practice is full and I anticipate that I will not be available to onboard new clients for several months (likely late spring/summer 2023). If you are a former client of this practice or my practice in a university/college counseling center, please do reach out for support and to discuss options for our continued care or referral to a trusted colleague.
(971) 340-2659 View (971) 340-2659
Photo of Wishing Wellness Counseling and Coaching, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Troutdale, OR
Wishing Wellness Counseling and Coaching
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060
Email is best, not calls! I work with any age, any need. I work most often with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, life changes, work-related stress, and chronic pain. I take a very practical approach to helping you find peace and healing with your struggles. This is a safe, non-judgmental place to receive validation, support, feedback, and proactive help. Email is best to reach me, not phone, as phone calls disturb sessions.
Email is best, not calls! I work with any age, any need. I work most often with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, life changes, work-related stress, and chronic pain. I take a very practical approach to helping you find peace and healing with your struggles. This is a safe, non-judgmental place to receive validation, support, feedback, and proactive help. Email is best to reach me, not phone, as phone calls disturb sessions.
(503) 966-3306 View (503) 966-3306
Photo of Authentic Life Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Troutdale, OR
Authentic Life Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT, CDWF
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060  (Online Only)
Life can get overwhelming at times. Often, stressful events, deep feelings of woundedness, feeling cut off from joy, and simply not feeling good about yourself or your relationship(s) get to the point where you know it is time to face these difficulties. As challenging as these things are, they can be the catalyst for change. I am available to help you with anxiety, sadness, grief, loss, and relationship issues and to experience life's challenges in ways that promote healing and wholeness and connect with what you truly want, need, and already have in your heart.
Life can get overwhelming at times. Often, stressful events, deep feelings of woundedness, feeling cut off from joy, and simply not feeling good about yourself or your relationship(s) get to the point where you know it is time to face these difficulties. As challenging as these things are, they can be the catalyst for change. I am available to help you with anxiety, sadness, grief, loss, and relationship issues and to experience life's challenges in ways that promote healing and wholeness and connect with what you truly want, need, and already have in your heart.
(503) 336-9729 View (503) 336-9729
Photo of Mindy Laframboise, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Mindy Laframboise
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Life can be comfortable, enjoyable and satisfying. My goal is to help you create a life without constant struggle and stress. Counseling can provide the time and focus to help you understand your experiences, thoughts and feelings. Having a trusted and competent helper to support you through the process is a key to using counseling successfully. Together we can work to better understand what isn't working and create solutions that will lead to success, the way you define it. I can help you reduce stress and suffering and improve overall life enjoyment and functioning.
NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Life can be comfortable, enjoyable and satisfying. My goal is to help you create a life without constant struggle and stress. Counseling can provide the time and focus to help you understand your experiences, thoughts and feelings. Having a trusted and competent helper to support you through the process is a key to using counseling successfully. Together we can work to better understand what isn't working and create solutions that will lead to success, the way you define it. I can help you reduce stress and suffering and improve overall life enjoyment and functioning.
(971) 803-3109 View (971) 803-3109
Photo of Kristi Cash White Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Kristi Cash White Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
I help people navigate anxiety and changing life stages as they reimagine their personal stories and goals for the future. I help teens, adults, and the elderly who are dealing with relationship struggles, identity development, anxiety, trauma, and self-harm. I endeavor to help you find your footing, so that you can face your future with greater confidence and peace of mind.
I help people navigate anxiety and changing life stages as they reimagine their personal stories and goals for the future. I help teens, adults, and the elderly who are dealing with relationship struggles, identity development, anxiety, trauma, and self-harm. I endeavor to help you find your footing, so that you can face your future with greater confidence and peace of mind.
(503) 868-2435 View (503) 868-2435
Photo of Secret Room Therapy Center LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Troutdale, OR
Secret Room Therapy Center LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
The Secret Room is the ancient word for chrysalis.Its within the walls of the chrysalis "the safe and protected space" that total transformation takes place. It is the secrets that are within our family systems the secrets that we keep from ourselves and the secrets that others keep that we need to be freed from. Within the safety of The Secret Room you will be able to transform to your highest potential and unveil the secrets that hold you back from the life you truly want and deserve!
The Secret Room is the ancient word for chrysalis.Its within the walls of the chrysalis "the safe and protected space" that total transformation takes place. It is the secrets that are within our family systems the secrets that we keep from ourselves and the secrets that others keep that we need to be freed from. Within the safety of The Secret Room you will be able to transform to your highest potential and unveil the secrets that hold you back from the life you truly want and deserve!
(503) 212-9518 View (503) 212-9518
Photo of Annie 'jiahui' Chen, Professional Counselor Associate in Troutdale, OR
Annie 'jiahui' Chen
Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Are you seeking a POC clinician, someone with lived experience as a first-generational immigrant, or as an international student? Do you need support with family issues or a partner, cultural support, or support for mental health in a culture where stigma exists? I can help you with depression, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, trauma, issues related to cultural adaptation, relationship issues, boundary setting, procrastination, life transitions and self worth. I also speak fluent Cantonese and Mandarin. Its never easy to walk alone in distress, feeling lost and helpless. Together, lets create a safe space for you to heal.
Are you seeking a POC clinician, someone with lived experience as a first-generational immigrant, or as an international student? Do you need support with family issues or a partner, cultural support, or support for mental health in a culture where stigma exists? I can help you with depression, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, trauma, issues related to cultural adaptation, relationship issues, boundary setting, procrastination, life transitions and self worth. I also speak fluent Cantonese and Mandarin. Its never easy to walk alone in distress, feeling lost and helpless. Together, lets create a safe space for you to heal.
(503) 994-1469 View (503) 994-1469
Photo of Taunya M Gesner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Taunya M Gesner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060  (Online Only)
Sometimes when the world feels overwhelming, we don't connect how past abuse has led us to emotions that feel out of control. It's like when stress builds up over lots of little things and you finally snap at someone you care about in a way you didn't mean. Or feeling overly tired of trying to live in this world because every choice you make seems hard and a large amount of effort. These are things I can help with. Additionally - if you are struggling with your significant other, like feeling not heard, or having problems in the bedroom, or feeling like you are carrying more than your share; we can work on this together.
Sometimes when the world feels overwhelming, we don't connect how past abuse has led us to emotions that feel out of control. It's like when stress builds up over lots of little things and you finally snap at someone you care about in a way you didn't mean. Or feeling overly tired of trying to live in this world because every choice you make seems hard and a large amount of effort. These are things I can help with. Additionally - if you are struggling with your significant other, like feeling not heard, or having problems in the bedroom, or feeling like you are carrying more than your share; we can work on this together.
(971) 274-5497 View (971) 274-5497
Photo of Sanctuary Christian Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional in Troutdale, OR
Sanctuary Christian Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-RA, NCC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life becomes too much to handle. Anxiety builds and depression sets in. Often friends or family don't understand why you feel the way you do. Your Pastor may not have the time to really listen and help you figure things out.
Sometimes life becomes too much to handle. Anxiety builds and depression sets in. Often friends or family don't understand why you feel the way you do. Your Pastor may not have the time to really listen and help you figure things out.
(503) 610-4417 View (503) 610-4417
Photo of Carie Arps, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Carie Arps
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060
Either working with an individual, couple or family, I come from the perspective that every person is wired for connection and seeks growth to embody their wisdom and wholeness. Individuals can heal from past experiences, move through difficult transitions, and learn to tolerate the stresses of modern life. When we are disconnected from our natural capacity, we can experience life as intolerable and forget our inherent worth. I believe in a collaborative approach to not only find relief from problems, but also to restore health and a sense of internal wholeness.
Either working with an individual, couple or family, I come from the perspective that every person is wired for connection and seeks growth to embody their wisdom and wholeness. Individuals can heal from past experiences, move through difficult transitions, and learn to tolerate the stresses of modern life. When we are disconnected from our natural capacity, we can experience life as intolerable and forget our inherent worth. I believe in a collaborative approach to not only find relief from problems, but also to restore health and a sense of internal wholeness.
(971) 256-8032 View (971) 256-8032
Photo of Bethaney Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Bethaney Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060
Limited openings available - Do you find yourself struggling with self-acceptance, self-worth and value in this world? Have feelings of stress, anxiety and worry been taking over your life? Are you in search of growth, healing and restoration? If so, you are in a good place. Life comes with the burden of pain, suffering, loss and difficulty. These are the seasons in which seeking help can be a brave first step. I would love to assist you in identifying your strengths, finding your voice, and building confidence as you move forward knowing yourself deeper, improving your relationships, and managing the challenges of life before you.
Limited openings available - Do you find yourself struggling with self-acceptance, self-worth and value in this world? Have feelings of stress, anxiety and worry been taking over your life? Are you in search of growth, healing and restoration? If so, you are in a good place. Life comes with the burden of pain, suffering, loss and difficulty. These are the seasons in which seeking help can be a brave first step. I would love to assist you in identifying your strengths, finding your voice, and building confidence as you move forward knowing yourself deeper, improving your relationships, and managing the challenges of life before you.
(503) 512-6992 View (503) 512-6992
Photo of Ritual Therapy, Professional Counselor Associate in Troutdale, OR
Ritual Therapy
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Do you find yourself simultaneously feeling too much and not enough? Do you feel broken? Stuck? Have you ever asked yourself, “Why can’t I just be normal,” or “What is wrong with me?” Maybe you act in ways that don’t feel true to yourself for fear of rejection or abandonment, and perhaps you even end up in unhealthy or one-sided relationships. I believe that just by coming to this page there is something fundamentally “right,” not “wrong" with you. Being a human is complicated, messy, and can be painful, but I feel honored to have the opportunity to support you through these challenges in a way that fosters healing and growth.
Do you find yourself simultaneously feeling too much and not enough? Do you feel broken? Stuck? Have you ever asked yourself, “Why can’t I just be normal,” or “What is wrong with me?” Maybe you act in ways that don’t feel true to yourself for fear of rejection or abandonment, and perhaps you even end up in unhealthy or one-sided relationships. I believe that just by coming to this page there is something fundamentally “right,” not “wrong" with you. Being a human is complicated, messy, and can be painful, but I feel honored to have the opportunity to support you through these challenges in a way that fosters healing and growth.
(503) 461-2628 View (503) 461-2628
Photo of Heather Baucum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Troutdale, OR
Heather Baucum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troutdale, OR 97060
Waitlist for new clients
The therapy I offer focuses on making gentle contact with powerful thoughts, emotions, or memories that consciously or unconsciously knock us on our ass.  Even the way we talk to ourselves can perpetuate struggle and hurt. Lets work to offer care and compassion to the self who has been harmed, strengthen a kinder relationship with this self, and develop insight into why we do the things we do. Lets explore new ways of staying connected and engaged in the here and now. All of my work is infused with Compassion (karuna) and Loving Kindness (metta).
The therapy I offer focuses on making gentle contact with powerful thoughts, emotions, or memories that consciously or unconsciously knock us on our ass.  Even the way we talk to ourselves can perpetuate struggle and hurt. Lets work to offer care and compassion to the self who has been harmed, strengthen a kinder relationship with this self, and develop insight into why we do the things we do. Lets explore new ways of staying connected and engaged in the here and now. All of my work is infused with Compassion (karuna) and Loving Kindness (metta).
(503) 461-7321 View (503) 461-7321
Photo of Kristan Chow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Troutdale, OR
Kristan Chow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060
Limited Availability at this time - NO after school openings. I believe every client has a story to be told and deserves to be heard. I seek to create a place of refuge for clients and their stories where they feel safe and judgement-free. I believe that everyone has immense resilience within themselves that can be used to help themselves overcome life obstacles and transitions. Issues may include mood disorders, grief, trauma, relationship issues, chronic stress and anxiety, and/or general life transitions.
Limited Availability at this time - NO after school openings. I believe every client has a story to be told and deserves to be heard. I seek to create a place of refuge for clients and their stories where they feel safe and judgement-free. I believe that everyone has immense resilience within themselves that can be used to help themselves overcome life obstacles and transitions. Issues may include mood disorders, grief, trauma, relationship issues, chronic stress and anxiety, and/or general life transitions.
(971) 248-9791 View (971) 248-9791
Photo of Dawn Forrester, Professional Counselor Associate in Troutdale, OR
Dawn Forrester
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060  (Online Only)
Are you at a turning point in your life? Do you believe there is something more ‘out there’ for you? Are you experiencing a major life transition? Times of change can be disorienting, scary, and challenging. During these times, you may question whether or not you can successfully navigate the changes you are facing. Depending on your situation, you may feel helpless, hopeless, sad, and/or angry. But there is hope, you are resilient, you can do this! I whole-heartedly believe that we all have the power within us to create positive change and transformation.
Are you at a turning point in your life? Do you believe there is something more ‘out there’ for you? Are you experiencing a major life transition? Times of change can be disorienting, scary, and challenging. During these times, you may question whether or not you can successfully navigate the changes you are facing. Depending on your situation, you may feel helpless, hopeless, sad, and/or angry. But there is hope, you are resilient, you can do this! I whole-heartedly believe that we all have the power within us to create positive change and transformation.
(971) 265-6375 View (971) 265-6375
Photo of Andrea R Shepherd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Troutdale, OR
Andrea R Shepherd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Troutdale, OR 97060  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I’m Andrea and I'm glad you're here. I work with adolescents and adults to treat a variety of mental and behavioral health conditions including (but not limited to) depression, anxiety, poor self-esteem, family conflict, challenging behaviors, ADHD, cognitive distortions, and pre and postpartum mental health. I have nearly a decade of experience as a therapist in high levels of psychiatric care for children, adolescents and their families. In my most recent employment experience I have found great joy working with parents in various stages providing support and coaching with current evidenced based research interventions.
Hello! I’m Andrea and I'm glad you're here. I work with adolescents and adults to treat a variety of mental and behavioral health conditions including (but not limited to) depression, anxiety, poor self-esteem, family conflict, challenging behaviors, ADHD, cognitive distortions, and pre and postpartum mental health. I have nearly a decade of experience as a therapist in high levels of psychiatric care for children, adolescents and their families. In my most recent employment experience I have found great joy working with parents in various stages providing support and coaching with current evidenced based research interventions.
(503) 966-3645 View (503) 966-3645

See more therapy options for Troutdale

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Troutdale, OR

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Troutdale, OR who prioritize treating:

95% Relationship Issues
95% Anxiety
95% Self Esteem
85% Stress
80% Depression
70% Spirituality
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% Aetna
54% PacificSource
46% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Troutdale, OR see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
5% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Troutdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.