Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Kevin L. Wells Licensed Marriage Family Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Memphis, TN
Kevin L. Wells Licensed Marriage Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38135  (Online Only)
The power of your challenges is temporary, and you don't have to face unwanted emotions alone. It's essential to address any hurt, shame, guilt, depression, or anxiety you might be experiencing. Life can be tough, and it's okay to take a step back and take care of yourself. Just like a boxer relies on a corner-man for guidance between rounds, I'm here to support you and help you prepare for the next phase in life, marriage, relationships, career, and finding your happiness. Some rounds may be more demanding than others, but together, we won't back down in the fight for your improved well-being!
The power of your challenges is temporary, and you don't have to face unwanted emotions alone. It's essential to address any hurt, shame, guilt, depression, or anxiety you might be experiencing. Life can be tough, and it's okay to take a step back and take care of yourself. Just like a boxer relies on a corner-man for guidance between rounds, I'm here to support you and help you prepare for the next phase in life, marriage, relationships, career, and finding your happiness. Some rounds may be more demanding than others, but together, we won't back down in the fight for your improved well-being!
(901) 808-8166 View (901) 808-8166
Photo of Olivia Summitt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Olivia Summitt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
I practice counseling with the perspective that humans develop behaviors to serve some sort of purpose. As a counselor, I am here to offer guidance and support for when those behaviors are no longer necessary or are no longer serving the purpose that was intended. I strive to assist clients in developing a balance in how they both experience and express emotions, with the belief that there is no "bad" emotion. My goal is to work with clients in discovering a state of awareness of the uncertainty in life rather than a fear of it.
I practice counseling with the perspective that humans develop behaviors to serve some sort of purpose. As a counselor, I am here to offer guidance and support for when those behaviors are no longer necessary or are no longer serving the purpose that was intended. I strive to assist clients in developing a balance in how they both experience and express emotions, with the belief that there is no "bad" emotion. My goal is to work with clients in discovering a state of awareness of the uncertainty in life rather than a fear of it.
(901) 657-2287 View (901) 657-2287
Photo of Christopher S Vickers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Christopher S Vickers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
My hope is to create a relationship between the therapist and the individual that fosters positive and lasting change. To that end, I work patiently to ensure a sense of trust and safety. In addition, I feel I work well with individuals who go to therapy to be challenged, to be "unstuck." In these cases, I can be supportive while also being firm and direct. My approach is sensitive to the individual's life circumstance, their personality, and their comfort level with the therapeutic process.
My hope is to create a relationship between the therapist and the individual that fosters positive and lasting change. To that end, I work patiently to ensure a sense of trust and safety. In addition, I feel I work well with individuals who go to therapy to be challenged, to be "unstuck." In these cases, I can be supportive while also being firm and direct. My approach is sensitive to the individual's life circumstance, their personality, and their comfort level with the therapeutic process.
(901) 214-5877 View (901) 214-5877
Photo of Lindsey Foxx, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Lindsey Foxx
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
Lindsey Foxx is a Licensed Counselor with years of experience. She specializes in treating frustration tolerance, depression, stress, anxiety, parenting problems, motivation and self-confidence issues. She also has experience working with individuals who have experienced mental or physical trauma.
Lindsey Foxx is a Licensed Counselor with years of experience. She specializes in treating frustration tolerance, depression, stress, anxiety, parenting problems, motivation and self-confidence issues. She also has experience working with individuals who have experienced mental or physical trauma.
(901) 295-4294 View (901) 295-4294
Photo of The Resiliency Center of Memphis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
The Resiliency Center of Memphis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you are hanging on by a thread? Is it becoming increasingly difficult to cope with the curve balls that life is throwing at you? Do you need a safe place to figure out this journey called “life”? At The Resiliency Center of Memphis, we are here to provide you with a safe space to promote your voice and choice and walk beside you as you embark your journey of overcoming obstacles. If your car was broken, you would see a mechanic. If you wanted to travel, you would see an agent. You are making the right move by seeking out a professional to improve your mental health.
Do you feel like you are hanging on by a thread? Is it becoming increasingly difficult to cope with the curve balls that life is throwing at you? Do you need a safe place to figure out this journey called “life”? At The Resiliency Center of Memphis, we are here to provide you with a safe space to promote your voice and choice and walk beside you as you embark your journey of overcoming obstacles. If your car was broken, you would see a mechanic. If you wanted to travel, you would see an agent. You are making the right move by seeking out a professional to improve your mental health.
(901) 446-0628 View (901) 446-0628
Photo of Dr. Christina Light-Griffin in Memphis, TN
Dr. Christina Light-Griffin
PsyD, LCCT, CFE, CFT, CFP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38109  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, First I would like to give glory to God for being an agent of change and hope in this dying world. My name is Dr. Christina Light-Griffin PsyD. I am a Licensed Clinical Christian Therapist, Certified Compassion Fatigue Educator, Certified Compassion Fatigue Practitioner, and Certified Field Traumatologist. I began my counseling career 12 years ago. I am Doctor of Biblical Psychology degree . I enjoys helping others. I am a blessed to be a licensed clinical Christian therapist with the American Association of Christian Therapists (AACT), sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ and providing spiritual guidance.
Hello, First I would like to give glory to God for being an agent of change and hope in this dying world. My name is Dr. Christina Light-Griffin PsyD. I am a Licensed Clinical Christian Therapist, Certified Compassion Fatigue Educator, Certified Compassion Fatigue Practitioner, and Certified Field Traumatologist. I began my counseling career 12 years ago. I am Doctor of Biblical Psychology degree . I enjoys helping others. I am a blessed to be a licensed clinical Christian therapist with the American Association of Christian Therapists (AACT), sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ and providing spiritual guidance.
(901) 446-4069 View (901) 446-4069
Photo of M. Katherine King, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
M. Katherine King
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Life has its share of challenges. These can leave us feeling anxious, depressed, lost, insecure, and in need of change. Reaching out for support is the first step to healing. I understand what has brought you to this page has not been easy, but I'm glad you're here. I am passionate about helping others live a life they want to live. I have experience supporting anxiety, OCD, depression, relationship conflict, trauma, work/academic stressors, self-esteem/identity, grief, life transitions, & existential concerns.
Life has its share of challenges. These can leave us feeling anxious, depressed, lost, insecure, and in need of change. Reaching out for support is the first step to healing. I understand what has brought you to this page has not been easy, but I'm glad you're here. I am passionate about helping others live a life they want to live. I have experience supporting anxiety, OCD, depression, relationship conflict, trauma, work/academic stressors, self-esteem/identity, grief, life transitions, & existential concerns.
(901) 403-8633 View (901) 403-8633
Photo of W Trevor Winfrey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
W Trevor Winfrey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
I enjoy working with clients of all types! However, I specialize in working with individuals who are dealing with significant feelings of anxiety and/or depression, trauma, relationship issues, and life transitions. If you are ready to make the change to live the life you want, I'd be elated to help you begin and walk that journey together. Let's get a consultation scheduled and see if we are a good fit!
I enjoy working with clients of all types! However, I specialize in working with individuals who are dealing with significant feelings of anxiety and/or depression, trauma, relationship issues, and life transitions. If you are ready to make the change to live the life you want, I'd be elated to help you begin and walk that journey together. Let's get a consultation scheduled and see if we are a good fit!
(901) 472-8973 View (901) 472-8973
Photo of Shelby Shaw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Shelby Shaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Welcome! I am attachment-based and skilled with trauma-informed interventions such Internal Family Systems (IFS) and EMDR. Though I am well versed in wide variety of issues, my heart aligns with survivors of sexual trauma, domestic violence, and clients struggling with eating disorders. I have worked at a women's shelter for domestic and sexual violence, and I have 4+ years of experience working with eating disorders at the residential and outpatient levels of care.
Welcome! I am attachment-based and skilled with trauma-informed interventions such Internal Family Systems (IFS) and EMDR. Though I am well versed in wide variety of issues, my heart aligns with survivors of sexual trauma, domestic violence, and clients struggling with eating disorders. I have worked at a women's shelter for domestic and sexual violence, and I have 4+ years of experience working with eating disorders at the residential and outpatient levels of care.
(901) 621-3564 View (901) 621-3564
Photo of RH Counseling & Counsulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
RH Counseling & Counsulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC , NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
RH Counseling & Consulting seeks to provide healing by incorporating therapeutic services that meets the mental, emotional, spiritual needs of its clients. I have worked in the field of mental health as a therapist for approximately twenty one years and have treated clients with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger, and etc., using cognitive behavioral approaches to therapy. I believe in taking a comprehensive approach in bringing about healing to those who are mentally and emotionally stuck or in pain.
RH Counseling & Consulting seeks to provide healing by incorporating therapeutic services that meets the mental, emotional, spiritual needs of its clients. I have worked in the field of mental health as a therapist for approximately twenty one years and have treated clients with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger, and etc., using cognitive behavioral approaches to therapy. I believe in taking a comprehensive approach in bringing about healing to those who are mentally and emotionally stuck or in pain.
(901) 472-1563 View (901) 472-1563
Photo of Timothy Terry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Timothy Terry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
The ideal client that would be helped by my services is the person that recognizes that they will no longer accept the reality of defeat, emptiness, hopelessness, pessimism, distrust, depression, or guilt. I use an eclectic approach to therapy intentionally designed to provide the most optimal outcome in those areas of difficulty. I have seen tremendous growth in clients struggling in the areas of grief, depression, anxiety, and borderline disorders. Allow me the opportunity to walk you through the process of revelation and triumph.
The ideal client that would be helped by my services is the person that recognizes that they will no longer accept the reality of defeat, emptiness, hopelessness, pessimism, distrust, depression, or guilt. I use an eclectic approach to therapy intentionally designed to provide the most optimal outcome in those areas of difficulty. I have seen tremendous growth in clients struggling in the areas of grief, depression, anxiety, and borderline disorders. Allow me the opportunity to walk you through the process of revelation and triumph.
(901) 509-9850 View (901) 509-9850
Photo of Ashley Neal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Ashley Neal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
Ashley is a published licensed professional counselor skilled in counseling children, adolescents, and adults. She provides empathetic and non-judgmental care using person-centered, behavioral, and trauma focused techniques. She has worked in numerous settings: hospital, outpatient, residential, in-home, virtual, and school. Ashley is passionate about meeting her clients where they are and encouraging authentic engagement in the therapeutic process to help meet their goals.
Ashley is a published licensed professional counselor skilled in counseling children, adolescents, and adults. She provides empathetic and non-judgmental care using person-centered, behavioral, and trauma focused techniques. She has worked in numerous settings: hospital, outpatient, residential, in-home, virtual, and school. Ashley is passionate about meeting her clients where they are and encouraging authentic engagement in the therapeutic process to help meet their goals.
(901) 519-2994 View (901) 519-2994
Photo of Liz Turnbull, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Liz Turnbull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Life is can be difficult at times. I believe that the way we think, feel, and act impacts our ability to view any situation clearly. The way we talk about ourselves, to ourselves, and to others also plays a role in navigating life's many challenges. I hope to come alongside you to support, encourage, and advocate for you by standing in the gap and be a constant in your storm.
Life is can be difficult at times. I believe that the way we think, feel, and act impacts our ability to view any situation clearly. The way we talk about ourselves, to ourselves, and to others also plays a role in navigating life's many challenges. I hope to come alongside you to support, encourage, and advocate for you by standing in the gap and be a constant in your storm.
(901) 554-4032 View (901) 554-4032
Photo of Rachel Veteto, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Rachel Veteto
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. I believe that we all need support in our lives to navigate the inevitable difficulties that arise. I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for you as you go through life’s challenges. I have experience working with children and adults who have experienced sexual abuse, partner abuse, grief and loss, and other forms of trauma. My goal as your therapist is to help you to gain confidence as you work through difficult situations. No issue is too big or too small.
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. I believe that we all need support in our lives to navigate the inevitable difficulties that arise. I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for you as you go through life’s challenges. I have experience working with children and adults who have experienced sexual abuse, partner abuse, grief and loss, and other forms of trauma. My goal as your therapist is to help you to gain confidence as you work through difficult situations. No issue is too big or too small.
(901) 673-3531 x402 View (901) 673-3531 x402
Photo of Savannah Burton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Savannah Burton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, S, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Waitlist for new clients
Are you tired of repeating the same old patterns? Do you feel disconnected from your life? Are you wondering if what you're feeling is "normal?" My therapeutic mission is to provide clients with clear guidance, compassionate encouragement, and sound accountability in a safe and non-judgmental environment. My style is relational, direct, and genuine.
Are you tired of repeating the same old patterns? Do you feel disconnected from your life? Are you wondering if what you're feeling is "normal?" My therapeutic mission is to provide clients with clear guidance, compassionate encouragement, and sound accountability in a safe and non-judgmental environment. My style is relational, direct, and genuine.
(901) 910-1229 View (901) 910-1229
Photo of Lunar Counseling and Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Lunar Counseling and Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP, LADACII
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
To the ones who struggle to love themselves because the voice in their head keeps telling them not to. To the adults who carry the scars of a rough childhood and the shame that comes with it. To the ones who seem like they have it all together, but are hiding their struggles with anxiety and depression behind a joke and smile. To the ones who were never taught how to deal with grief, anger, sadness, or fear and are coping the best way they know how. To the ones who were disowned or rejected by families or friends for who you love, who you are, or what you believe. I see your strength, I see your pain, and I see your courage.
To the ones who struggle to love themselves because the voice in their head keeps telling them not to. To the adults who carry the scars of a rough childhood and the shame that comes with it. To the ones who seem like they have it all together, but are hiding their struggles with anxiety and depression behind a joke and smile. To the ones who were never taught how to deal with grief, anger, sadness, or fear and are coping the best way they know how. To the ones who were disowned or rejected by families or friends for who you love, who you are, or what you believe. I see your strength, I see your pain, and I see your courage.
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Photo of Lauren Hudson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Lauren Hudson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38125
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS! Tired of life catching you off guard? Need help unlocking the tools to be the greatest version of yourself? Let me help and guide you to a fulfilling and engaging life. I am with Anchored in Healing Counseling & Coaching. The past 7 years, I have worked with a variety of clients that struggle with depression, conflict management and anxiety. I have worked closely with families and assisted with behavior modification and problem solving. I want to help those suffering in silence find their voice. I can assist with identifying key areas of struggle and ways to manage those issues.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS! Tired of life catching you off guard? Need help unlocking the tools to be the greatest version of yourself? Let me help and guide you to a fulfilling and engaging life. I am with Anchored in Healing Counseling & Coaching. The past 7 years, I have worked with a variety of clients that struggle with depression, conflict management and anxiety. I have worked closely with families and assisted with behavior modification and problem solving. I want to help those suffering in silence find their voice. I can assist with identifying key areas of struggle and ways to manage those issues.
(901) 617-7289 View (901) 617-7289
Photo of Wendi Stec, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Wendi Stec
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LSSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I firmly believe that every child has the potential to thrive, but sometimes they need guidance and support to unlock their abilities. In my therapy sessions, I create a safe and nurturing environment where your child can explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop the skills they need to navigate life's challenges. I am dedicated to being a compassionate and encouraging presence in your child's journey towards growth and self-discovery. Together, we can empower your child to create a brighter and more fulfilling future.
I firmly believe that every child has the potential to thrive, but sometimes they need guidance and support to unlock their abilities. In my therapy sessions, I create a safe and nurturing environment where your child can explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop the skills they need to navigate life's challenges. I am dedicated to being a compassionate and encouraging presence in your child's journey towards growth and self-discovery. Together, we can empower your child to create a brighter and more fulfilling future.
(901) 673-9791 View (901) 673-9791
Photo of Mackaria Estes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Mackaria Estes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38120
Oftentimes, it is helpful to be reminded that emotional peace and happiness are possible. I strive to create a safe and accepting environment where individuals can fully explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a meaningful way. The purpose of therapy is to embark on a path that will help you find balance within yourself and with the interpersonal relationships that you value.
Oftentimes, it is helpful to be reminded that emotional peace and happiness are possible. I strive to create a safe and accepting environment where individuals can fully explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a meaningful way. The purpose of therapy is to embark on a path that will help you find balance within yourself and with the interpersonal relationships that you value.
(901) 676-7861 View (901) 676-7861
Photo of Paige Marcantel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Paige Marcantel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38120
I am a a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience as a therapist and leader. I have extensive experience in helping clients with historical trauma, parenting and the postpartum period, stress, depression, anxiety, relationships, grief, and loss. My counseling approach emphasizes non-judgment and building rapport as critical to success in working with my clients. I absolutely believe that you are the expert on your own story and I can walk with you to assist you in making the changes you want to make.
I am a a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience as a therapist and leader. I have extensive experience in helping clients with historical trauma, parenting and the postpartum period, stress, depression, anxiety, relationships, grief, and loss. My counseling approach emphasizes non-judgment and building rapport as critical to success in working with my clients. I absolutely believe that you are the expert on your own story and I can walk with you to assist you in making the changes you want to make.
(901) 668-5253 View (901) 668-5253

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.