Therapists in Northampton, MA

Photo of Catherine Balletto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Catherine Balletto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I am an institute trained psychotherapist, working integratively, within a contemporary, relational, psychodynamic orientation. After more than two decades of practicing in New York City, I am now located in Western Massachusetts, though I maintain NY licensure. For me, at the heart of a relational, psychodynamic, approach is my effort to strive to meet people where they are and make the work understandable and accessible based on who you are. I respect and build upon the ways in which I am invited to join and help expand psychic space, so that areas which are troubling can be demystified, transformed and feel less daunting.
I am an institute trained psychotherapist, working integratively, within a contemporary, relational, psychodynamic orientation. After more than two decades of practicing in New York City, I am now located in Western Massachusetts, though I maintain NY licensure. For me, at the heart of a relational, psychodynamic, approach is my effort to strive to meet people where they are and make the work understandable and accessible based on who you are. I respect and build upon the ways in which I am invited to join and help expand psychic space, so that areas which are troubling can be demystified, transformed and feel less daunting.
(917) 838-9799 View (917) 838-9799
Photo of Emily Jacobson, Pastoral Counselor in Northampton, MA
Emily Jacobson
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
I blend alternative therapeutic models with the latest research in epigenetics, insights from ancient spiritual traditions, wisdom from earth-based living, and embodied rituals to create processes that shift your relationship to suffering, sorrow, or emotional challenges and open you into deeper connection with your true self and harmony with life. I am affirming of LGBTQ+, poly/ENM, and kink identities. I use anti-oppression, anti-racist, ecopsychology & trauma-informed frameworks to support individual and collective liberation.
I blend alternative therapeutic models with the latest research in epigenetics, insights from ancient spiritual traditions, wisdom from earth-based living, and embodied rituals to create processes that shift your relationship to suffering, sorrow, or emotional challenges and open you into deeper connection with your true self and harmony with life. I am affirming of LGBTQ+, poly/ENM, and kink identities. I use anti-oppression, anti-racist, ecopsychology & trauma-informed frameworks to support individual and collective liberation.
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Photo of Wellness Within, Pre-Licensed Professional in Northampton, MA
Wellness Within
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Whether you're facing big life decisions, healing from complex trauma, navigating difficult relationships, or looking for healthier ways to cope with life’s daily stressors, you do not have to continue this journey alone. Are you looking for support with balancing the many roles that are so important to you? With navigating work, motherhood, family responsibilities and relationships? The day to day is overwhelming enough, when something unexpected comes up it's even harder. Everyone has to deal with stressors and unpleasant happenings, and no one should have to just push through it and figure it out alone.
Whether you're facing big life decisions, healing from complex trauma, navigating difficult relationships, or looking for healthier ways to cope with life’s daily stressors, you do not have to continue this journey alone. Are you looking for support with balancing the many roles that are so important to you? With navigating work, motherhood, family responsibilities and relationships? The day to day is overwhelming enough, when something unexpected comes up it's even harder. Everyone has to deal with stressors and unpleasant happenings, and no one should have to just push through it and figure it out alone.
(413) 225-5160 View (413) 225-5160
Photo of Jessica Ray-Mendoza, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Jessica Ray-Mendoza
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I live and come to psychology with a consciousness of interpersonal, structural and institutional oppression that many of us experience throughout our lives. You will find compassion and understanding at the cross-sections of your suffering and your identities. Whether it is anxiety, depression, social/community difficulties, I can help explore these elements so that you can harness hope, presence, and restoration.
I live and come to psychology with a consciousness of interpersonal, structural and institutional oppression that many of us experience throughout our lives. You will find compassion and understanding at the cross-sections of your suffering and your identities. Whether it is anxiety, depression, social/community difficulties, I can help explore these elements so that you can harness hope, presence, and restoration.
(857) 203-8263 View (857) 203-8263
Photo of Postpartum Support Rachel Magin, Psychologist in Northampton, MA
Postpartum Support Rachel Magin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
We each have a unique story and how we share and live out our story impacts how we feel and interact with the world around us. Within the warm and welcoming space of therapy, I collaborate with you to transform your narratives. We will focus on how your adversity has shaped you and also how it can lead to personal growth. Within this safe therapeutic space, you are empowered to reflect on how your stories are impacting your health and identity. I incorporate mindfulness, CBT, and ACT into my work, and I take a holistic approach to therapy with an awareness of the mind-body connection.
We each have a unique story and how we share and live out our story impacts how we feel and interact with the world around us. Within the warm and welcoming space of therapy, I collaborate with you to transform your narratives. We will focus on how your adversity has shaped you and also how it can lead to personal growth. Within this safe therapeutic space, you are empowered to reflect on how your stories are impacting your health and identity. I incorporate mindfulness, CBT, and ACT into my work, and I take a holistic approach to therapy with an awareness of the mind-body connection.
(413) 240-3554 View (413) 240-3554
Photo of Amy Gray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Amy Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
I work with individual adults and teens. My areas of specialization include anxiety, complex trauma, depression, LGBTQIA+, chronic and life-threatening illness, grief/loss and neurodiversity. Therapy can help us to understand the experiences that have shaped us and empower us to make changes and move forward in our lives with much more clarity and purpose. I work intentionally to provide a safe, non-judgemental space to support clients on their journey of self-discovery, growth and healing.
I work with individual adults and teens. My areas of specialization include anxiety, complex trauma, depression, LGBTQIA+, chronic and life-threatening illness, grief/loss and neurodiversity. Therapy can help us to understand the experiences that have shaped us and empower us to make changes and move forward in our lives with much more clarity and purpose. I work intentionally to provide a safe, non-judgemental space to support clients on their journey of self-discovery, growth and healing.
(413) 372-8559 View (413) 372-8559
Photo of Amy Horowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Amy Horowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Not accepting new clients
Talking with someone who listens respectfully and skillfully helps people make positive changes in their lives. I am experienced in helping people change habits to improve their health; build stronger, more satisfying relationships; overcome fears that hold them back; come to terms with loss and grow more emotionally resilient.
Talking with someone who listens respectfully and skillfully helps people make positive changes in their lives. I am experienced in helping people change habits to improve their health; build stronger, more satisfying relationships; overcome fears that hold them back; come to terms with loss and grow more emotionally resilient.
(413) 337-1518 View (413) 337-1518
Photo of Davis Chandler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Davis Chandler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
I offer individual, relationship and family therapy. My areas of interest include: nonbinary and trans identities, alternative family structures, issues concerning sexuality or sexual practices, queer family planning, fertility issues, trauma, grief and loss. I was clinically trained at Smith and have recently worked at a nonprofit primarily with adults with extreme mind states and major life disruptions. Additionally, I am the co-director of Translate Gender Inc, we offer trainings and education around gender identity and expression as well as run psychotherapy groups for trans and nonbinary individuals, relationships and families.
I offer individual, relationship and family therapy. My areas of interest include: nonbinary and trans identities, alternative family structures, issues concerning sexuality or sexual practices, queer family planning, fertility issues, trauma, grief and loss. I was clinically trained at Smith and have recently worked at a nonprofit primarily with adults with extreme mind states and major life disruptions. Additionally, I am the co-director of Translate Gender Inc, we offer trainings and education around gender identity and expression as well as run psychotherapy groups for trans and nonbinary individuals, relationships and families.
(404) 620-3480 View (404) 620-3480
Photo of Alison Mackinnon, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Alison Mackinnon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
In a safe and supportive environment, I provide treatment for individuals in a private practice that fosters trust, understanding, personal growth, and spiritual growth. I have 30+ years of experience as a therapist utilizing a mind/body/spirit, dialectical therapeutic approach, in addressing issues of grief/loss, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, life transitions, and spiritual connection. I offer EMDR, shamanic counseling and grief counseling in my work with clients . I work to build upon each person's unique strengths, internal wisdom, knowledge, and personal goals.
In a safe and supportive environment, I provide treatment for individuals in a private practice that fosters trust, understanding, personal growth, and spiritual growth. I have 30+ years of experience as a therapist utilizing a mind/body/spirit, dialectical therapeutic approach, in addressing issues of grief/loss, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, life transitions, and spiritual connection. I offer EMDR, shamanic counseling and grief counseling in my work with clients . I work to build upon each person's unique strengths, internal wisdom, knowledge, and personal goals.
(413) 269-5581 View (413) 269-5581
Photo of Fanny Chalfin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Fanny Chalfin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
Social and political distress are causing fear and alienation, along with feelings of disempowerment and personal inadequacy with less community for us to count on. My way of working with this is to help clients become more aware of their own internal wisdom and connection to all things. I work with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relational difficulties or just feeling overwhelmed. Listening to your story and using Somatic Experiencing, a mind/body approach, I work to help you find your sense of balance, curiosity, resilience, engagement, and vitality.
Social and political distress are causing fear and alienation, along with feelings of disempowerment and personal inadequacy with less community for us to count on. My way of working with this is to help clients become more aware of their own internal wisdom and connection to all things. I work with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relational difficulties or just feeling overwhelmed. Listening to your story and using Somatic Experiencing, a mind/body approach, I work to help you find your sense of balance, curiosity, resilience, engagement, and vitality.
(413) 206-2120 View (413) 206-2120
Photo of Elena Volpe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Northampton, MA
Elena Volpe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my page. If you are here, you are interested, curious, wanting or needing to be in therapy. Whether you wish to explore the intricacies of identity, treat mental illness, tackle difficult relationship dynamics, and/or on a quest for ways to unstick the stuck places; fed up with repetitive patterns and relationships that exhaust rather than replenish your life, lets both discover and examine your fears, beliefs and judgments so that you may claim your bravery, honesty, vulnerability and happiness.
Welcome to my page. If you are here, you are interested, curious, wanting or needing to be in therapy. Whether you wish to explore the intricacies of identity, treat mental illness, tackle difficult relationship dynamics, and/or on a quest for ways to unstick the stuck places; fed up with repetitive patterns and relationships that exhaust rather than replenish your life, lets both discover and examine your fears, beliefs and judgments so that you may claim your bravery, honesty, vulnerability and happiness.
(413) 923-6366 View (413) 923-6366
Photo of Lindsay Weremay, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Lindsay Weremay
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I offer pychotherapy to individuals who have experienced loss, trauma, relationship difficulties, as well as those who would like the opportunity to learn more about themselves within a therapeutic relationship. I have diverse experience working with many clients, including adults diagnosed with labels such as: PTSD, anxiety, bipolar, depression, dual diagnosis, OCD, eating and personality disorders. I aim to provide a creative space where I can help you cultivate a felt sense of inner vitality, increase your connections to self and other, and discover your full potential.
I offer pychotherapy to individuals who have experienced loss, trauma, relationship difficulties, as well as those who would like the opportunity to learn more about themselves within a therapeutic relationship. I have diverse experience working with many clients, including adults diagnosed with labels such as: PTSD, anxiety, bipolar, depression, dual diagnosis, OCD, eating and personality disorders. I aim to provide a creative space where I can help you cultivate a felt sense of inner vitality, increase your connections to self and other, and discover your full potential.
(413) 320-4488 View (413) 320-4488
Photo of Andrea D Jontos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Andrea D Jontos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I believe change happens in relationship and that everyone has the potential to heal. I have built my practice working primarily with young adults/adults who wish to engage in a longer term therapeutic alliance with the goal of gaining insight into relational patterns in order to achieve more satisfying relationships at home and work. My style is relational. When working with adolescents and young adults, I make an effort to include parents and caregivers in the treatment process by providing psycho-education, family sessions as needed, as well as appropriate referrals for family members.
I believe change happens in relationship and that everyone has the potential to heal. I have built my practice working primarily with young adults/adults who wish to engage in a longer term therapeutic alliance with the goal of gaining insight into relational patterns in order to achieve more satisfying relationships at home and work. My style is relational. When working with adolescents and young adults, I make an effort to include parents and caregivers in the treatment process by providing psycho-education, family sessions as needed, as well as appropriate referrals for family members.
(413) 320-4931 View (413) 320-4931
Photo of Max Ehrnfelt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Max Ehrnfelt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you hoping to practice clear and effective communication with others about your wants, needs, or boundaries? Are you thinking about breaking a pattern or stopping a behavior that no longer serves you? Are you searching for a supportive, collaborative space to reflect on your past, to stay grounded in the present, or to explore what you want for your future?
Are you hoping to practice clear and effective communication with others about your wants, needs, or boundaries? Are you thinking about breaking a pattern or stopping a behavior that no longer serves you? Are you searching for a supportive, collaborative space to reflect on your past, to stay grounded in the present, or to explore what you want for your future?
(413) 287-1780 View (413) 287-1780
Photo of Alena Maple Psy.D., Psychologist in Northampton, MA
Alena Maple Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Whether you're seeking help for adjusting to a recent change or looking to break free from difficulties that keep you from enjoying life, I'm here to offer you support and guidance through the process. My approach is tailored to each individual and often involves identifying strengths, building self confidence and self acceptance as well as challenging unhealthy beliefs and coping strategies. Asking for help is often very difficult, but greatly beneficial. I will offer you a new perspective and a direction towards self fulfillment and happiness.
Whether you're seeking help for adjusting to a recent change or looking to break free from difficulties that keep you from enjoying life, I'm here to offer you support and guidance through the process. My approach is tailored to each individual and often involves identifying strengths, building self confidence and self acceptance as well as challenging unhealthy beliefs and coping strategies. Asking for help is often very difficult, but greatly beneficial. I will offer you a new perspective and a direction towards self fulfillment and happiness.
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Photo of Elizabeth Donahue, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Elizabeth Donahue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
I know that seeking out a new therapist or starting therapy can be an overwhelming and scary process, and my goal is to offer a compassionate and thoughtful space for you to engage in this important work. I have experience working with people who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, body image and food-related issues, grief, sexual trauma, issues around identity development, big life transitions, and the general overwhelm that comes with existing as a human at this moment in time! I also have many years of experience working specifically with college students.
I know that seeking out a new therapist or starting therapy can be an overwhelming and scary process, and my goal is to offer a compassionate and thoughtful space for you to engage in this important work. I have experience working with people who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, body image and food-related issues, grief, sexual trauma, issues around identity development, big life transitions, and the general overwhelm that comes with existing as a human at this moment in time! I also have many years of experience working specifically with college students.
(413) 216-4553 View (413) 216-4553
Photo of Erin Tottenham, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Erin Tottenham
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Welcome! How can I help you? Let’s work on your relationship with yourself and the challenges you are facing. While you might not have created all of them, I would like to help you manage your reactions, inner critic, core vulnerabilities, sadness/loss, and unhelpful habits. You are deserving of less burden. In therapy, people are often able to develop insights and action plans that transform their capacity to manage the ups and downs of this difficult life. I work within a relational, collaborative framework informed by CBT, DBT, & am strength based. I invite you to come sit on my couch (or meet with me virtually) so we can begin.
Welcome! How can I help you? Let’s work on your relationship with yourself and the challenges you are facing. While you might not have created all of them, I would like to help you manage your reactions, inner critic, core vulnerabilities, sadness/loss, and unhelpful habits. You are deserving of less burden. In therapy, people are often able to develop insights and action plans that transform their capacity to manage the ups and downs of this difficult life. I work within a relational, collaborative framework informed by CBT, DBT, & am strength based. I invite you to come sit on my couch (or meet with me virtually) so we can begin.
(413) 347-4910 View (413) 347-4910
Photo of Danielle Jordan in Northampton, MA
Danielle Jordan
RWP, BA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
What if your anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges are portals to your transformation and healing? In our work together, I can offer heartfelt support from a holistic perspective. As we welcome your present challenges and untangle your past hurts, we hold an awareness of your True Self, which is already whole and wise. This True Self is often buried beneath social conditioning, unexpressed feelings, painful memories, or false beliefs about yourself and the world. We can bring awareness to these subconscious blocks so that you can understand, question, and ultimately release them.
What if your anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges are portals to your transformation and healing? In our work together, I can offer heartfelt support from a holistic perspective. As we welcome your present challenges and untangle your past hurts, we hold an awareness of your True Self, which is already whole and wise. This True Self is often buried beneath social conditioning, unexpressed feelings, painful memories, or false beliefs about yourself and the world. We can bring awareness to these subconscious blocks so that you can understand, question, and ultimately release them.
(413) 666-1424 View (413) 666-1424
Photo of Sarah K Abel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Sarah K Abel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Life is hard when there is too much unhappiness, worry, anger or frustration. I have been psychotherapist since 1994 and have a deep respect for the process of growth and change that individuals and families can accomplish. I treat children, adolescents and adults who are stuck in patterns that keep them from feeling happy, peaceful and healthy.
Life is hard when there is too much unhappiness, worry, anger or frustration. I have been psychotherapist since 1994 and have a deep respect for the process of growth and change that individuals and families can accomplish. I treat children, adolescents and adults who are stuck in patterns that keep them from feeling happy, peaceful and healthy.
(413) 650-6248 View (413) 650-6248
Photo of Nedra Shield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Nedra Shield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical social worker and former Yale University faculty member. I have almost 20 years of experience working with a variety of ages: children and families, adolescents, adults and couples. I believe that my clients are the experts on their own lives and that my role as a therapist is to facilitate and empower personal growth. In therapy sessions I combine active listening and empathy with teaching clients new skills they can use to better regulate their emotions and change their behavior. I also help clients to develop greater self-awareness and insight so they can better understand themselves.
I am a licensed clinical social worker and former Yale University faculty member. I have almost 20 years of experience working with a variety of ages: children and families, adolescents, adults and couples. I believe that my clients are the experts on their own lives and that my role as a therapist is to facilitate and empower personal growth. In therapy sessions I combine active listening and empathy with teaching clients new skills they can use to better regulate their emotions and change their behavior. I also help clients to develop greater self-awareness and insight so they can better understand themselves.
(413) 923-6396 View (413) 923-6396

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Northampton, MA

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Northampton, MA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
65% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% Optum
46% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Northampton, MA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
23% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Northampton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.