Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

View neighborhoods in Pittsburgh
Photo of Katelyn Dougherty, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Katelyn Dougherty
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
I have immediate openings! I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults experiencing a wide range of life stressors: transition to adulthood, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self esteem issues, peer relationships, stress, grief, and individuals diagnosed with ASD. I approach my sessions from a cognitive behavioral perspective (CBT) and guide my clients in challenging and restructuring thoughts, in order to approach any situation and take control of how to react to it.
I have immediate openings! I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults experiencing a wide range of life stressors: transition to adulthood, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self esteem issues, peer relationships, stress, grief, and individuals diagnosed with ASD. I approach my sessions from a cognitive behavioral perspective (CBT) and guide my clients in challenging and restructuring thoughts, in order to approach any situation and take control of how to react to it.
(412) 844-4791 View (412) 844-4791
Photo of Mikayla Weston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Mikayla Weston
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232  (Online Only)
Mikayla Weston is a Master’s Level Clinician in the state of Pennsylvania. She has experience partnering with children, adolescents, and adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. Mikayla utilizes a person-centered approach to counseling with techniques drawn from cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectic behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, reality therapy, and more that emphasize awareness, mindfulness, acceptance, responsibility, and life skills necessary to best meet the needs of every unique individual.
Mikayla Weston is a Master’s Level Clinician in the state of Pennsylvania. She has experience partnering with children, adolescents, and adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. Mikayla utilizes a person-centered approach to counseling with techniques drawn from cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectic behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, reality therapy, and more that emphasize awareness, mindfulness, acceptance, responsibility, and life skills necessary to best meet the needs of every unique individual.
(412) 990-1670 View (412) 990-1670
Photo of Karleen K Preator, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Karleen K Preator
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Are you interested in creatIng a peaceful home with smoother daily routines and less conflict? I offer relationship-based parent consultation that is respectful, effective, and fun for parents and for children. With my consultation, you will learn about how your children's brain development can affect behaviors and how you can support your children's behavioral growth.
Are you interested in creatIng a peaceful home with smoother daily routines and less conflict? I offer relationship-based parent consultation that is respectful, effective, and fun for parents and for children. With my consultation, you will learn about how your children's brain development can affect behaviors and how you can support your children's behavioral growth.
View
Photo of Marquia Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Marquia Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd , LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
(412) 990-1245 View (412) 990-1245
Photo of Matthew S. Allen, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Matthew S. Allen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing care from a relational perspective. Working from a relational analytic/interpersonal approach implies many different things, but perhaps the most central is that the nature of the treatment I provide will always depend on your needs, and typically only become apparent after a nonjudgmental and deeply collaborative exploration of your experience. Put simply, I assume that successful treatment requires me coming to understand your experience and value commitments in a deeply nuanced fashion, as opposed to applying generic treatment strategies.
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing care from a relational perspective. Working from a relational analytic/interpersonal approach implies many different things, but perhaps the most central is that the nature of the treatment I provide will always depend on your needs, and typically only become apparent after a nonjudgmental and deeply collaborative exploration of your experience. Put simply, I assume that successful treatment requires me coming to understand your experience and value commitments in a deeply nuanced fashion, as opposed to applying generic treatment strategies.
(412) 906-4379 View (412) 906-4379
Photo of Tara Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Tara Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Mental Health is health. You don't have to be afraid to reach out for help or continue to live your life on mute. It is okay to speak up and do what you need to in order to feel better, just as you would for a physical ailment! My office is a judgement free zone and I'm here to help you meet your goals when you're ready! I am a clinician with The Better Institute who works with individuals and with couples. I have 8 years of experience working with those who struggle with addiction whether that be drugs, alcohol, or gambling.
Mental Health is health. You don't have to be afraid to reach out for help or continue to live your life on mute. It is okay to speak up and do what you need to in order to feel better, just as you would for a physical ailment! My office is a judgement free zone and I'm here to help you meet your goals when you're ready! I am a clinician with The Better Institute who works with individuals and with couples. I have 8 years of experience working with those who struggle with addiction whether that be drugs, alcohol, or gambling.
(412) 998-8480 View (412) 998-8480
Photo of Bridget Bauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Bridget Bauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, CAAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
(412) 912-2961 View (412) 912-2961
Photo of Tiara Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Tiara Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Tiara Wilson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 8 years of experience in behavioral health. She is collaborative and passionate about helping individuals identify and overcome personal obstacles. She has experience treating children, adolescents, and adults with unique concerns and diverse backgrounds. Tiara specializes in anxiety, depression, addiction, women's issues, life transitions, work-life imbalance, & family conflicts.
Tiara Wilson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 8 years of experience in behavioral health. She is collaborative and passionate about helping individuals identify and overcome personal obstacles. She has experience treating children, adolescents, and adults with unique concerns and diverse backgrounds. Tiara specializes in anxiety, depression, addiction, women's issues, life transitions, work-life imbalance, & family conflicts.
(412) 314-3745 View (412) 314-3745
Photo of Michelle Parmelee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Parmelee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor located in the Pittsburgh area. I offer an individualized and person-centered approach to therapy with the understanding that each individual or couple has a unique history that has shaped them into who they are in the present. By utilizing person-centered therapy and evidence-based approaches such as CBT and solution-focused therapies, I hope to provide my clients with the opportunity to identify areas where they need help, so we can then begin to work together and create positive change.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor located in the Pittsburgh area. I offer an individualized and person-centered approach to therapy with the understanding that each individual or couple has a unique history that has shaped them into who they are in the present. By utilizing person-centered therapy and evidence-based approaches such as CBT and solution-focused therapies, I hope to provide my clients with the opportunity to identify areas where they need help, so we can then begin to work together and create positive change.
(412) 207-3652 View (412) 207-3652
Photo of Rachael D Goss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Rachael D Goss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Not accepting new clients
I do not have openings or a waitlist at this time .....Therapy is about creating the life we want to live – a process of becoming who we know we already are. It is about being in relationship – with ourselves and with others. I provide a non-judgemental and empathetic environment for you to explore your experiences and to create meaningful, long-term change.
I do not have openings or a waitlist at this time .....Therapy is about creating the life we want to live – a process of becoming who we know we already are. It is about being in relationship – with ourselves and with others. I provide a non-judgemental and empathetic environment for you to explore your experiences and to create meaningful, long-term change.
(412) 561-9632 View (412) 561-9632
Photo of Emily Fairweather, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Emily Fairweather
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Emily is a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents and adults. Her approach utilizes your unique strengths and abilities to manage symptoms related to depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, and a range of other diagnoses. Emily’s treatment sessions utilize evidence based practices derived from CBT, DBT, and person-centered approaches in order to help you develop and achieve your goals. Emily is also certified in PCIT and she is looking forward to helping you feel more empowered as a parent and more successful with management of difficult behaviors.
Emily is a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents and adults. Her approach utilizes your unique strengths and abilities to manage symptoms related to depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, and a range of other diagnoses. Emily’s treatment sessions utilize evidence based practices derived from CBT, DBT, and person-centered approaches in order to help you develop and achieve your goals. Emily is also certified in PCIT and she is looking forward to helping you feel more empowered as a parent and more successful with management of difficult behaviors.
(412) 991-2909 View (412) 991-2909
Photo of Elizabeth Cessna in Pittsburgh, PA
Elizabeth Cessna
MS, NBCCH
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
People receive hypnotherapy services for a variety of reasons. Typically they desire a positive change in their lives and would like to experience this change in a short period of time. While Elizabeth specializes in treating people who suffer with anxiety, she can also help those who want to alleviate:stress, fears, relationship issues, pain management, co-dependency intimacy and infertility issues. Elizabeth has been a therapist in private practice for over 25 years. She is board certified as a clinical hypnotherapist. Elizabeth practices Ericksonian Hypnotherapy because it is gentle, permissive, and respectful of the individual client.
People receive hypnotherapy services for a variety of reasons. Typically they desire a positive change in their lives and would like to experience this change in a short period of time. While Elizabeth specializes in treating people who suffer with anxiety, she can also help those who want to alleviate:stress, fears, relationship issues, pain management, co-dependency intimacy and infertility issues. Elizabeth has been a therapist in private practice for over 25 years. She is board certified as a clinical hypnotherapist. Elizabeth practices Ericksonian Hypnotherapy because it is gentle, permissive, and respectful of the individual client.
(412) 307-4975 View (412) 307-4975
Photo of Sonya Dugal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Sonya Dugal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am a Board Certified Art Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Transgender Care Therapist working in the Pittsburgh area. I enjoy working with members of the LGBTQIA2+ community and specialize in providing gender affirming care to gender expansive, non-binary and trans individuals, as well as BIPOC individuals with diverse multicultural and racial backgrounds. I am guided by a feminist and person centered approach that prioritizes an exploration of our intersecting identities and value the healing power of exploratory and respectful conversation.
Hello! I am a Board Certified Art Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Transgender Care Therapist working in the Pittsburgh area. I enjoy working with members of the LGBTQIA2+ community and specialize in providing gender affirming care to gender expansive, non-binary and trans individuals, as well as BIPOC individuals with diverse multicultural and racial backgrounds. I am guided by a feminist and person centered approach that prioritizes an exploration of our intersecting identities and value the healing power of exploratory and respectful conversation.
(412) 440-8407 View (412) 440-8407
Photo of Erin McNally, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Erin McNally
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Hello! I am happy to help guide your through the fog we call life. At some point in our lives, we need an extra hand to get through the struggles and to find our purpose again. Let me assist with this journey. During our time together, I want to help you seek your highest potential with styles of person centered approaches with a touch of Cognitive behavior therapy and trauma focused interventions. These approaches will help guide you to meet your full potential and help you feel more at ease when stressors return. You are in the driver's seat. I am here to guide you towards your destination.
Hello! I am happy to help guide your through the fog we call life. At some point in our lives, we need an extra hand to get through the struggles and to find our purpose again. Let me assist with this journey. During our time together, I want to help you seek your highest potential with styles of person centered approaches with a touch of Cognitive behavior therapy and trauma focused interventions. These approaches will help guide you to meet your full potential and help you feel more at ease when stressors return. You are in the driver's seat. I am here to guide you towards your destination.
(878) 201-6597 View (878) 201-6597
Photo of Free To Be Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Free To Be Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
Hey, I’m Dominique! Are you struggling with anxiety? Do you feel overcome by fear, a lack of self-trust, and people pleasing? Do you feel misaligned in your life, wanting to be a good parent, partner, and friend but struggling to keep up? Are your relationships missing connection and vulnerability? Do you ever struggle to set boundaries with yourself and others? Well I see you! The struggle is real! I enjoy supporting Black women who believe they are ready to show up unapologetic. Those women who have finally decided they'd rather be honest because shame hasn't manifested a meaningful life. They are present and ready for change!
Hey, I’m Dominique! Are you struggling with anxiety? Do you feel overcome by fear, a lack of self-trust, and people pleasing? Do you feel misaligned in your life, wanting to be a good parent, partner, and friend but struggling to keep up? Are your relationships missing connection and vulnerability? Do you ever struggle to set boundaries with yourself and others? Well I see you! The struggle is real! I enjoy supporting Black women who believe they are ready to show up unapologetic. Those women who have finally decided they'd rather be honest because shame hasn't manifested a meaningful life. They are present and ready for change!
(484) 946-4521 View (484) 946-4521
Photo of Tonette Whitted, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Tonette Whitted
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
To my future clients, wow I'm so glad you've crossed my page. I'm not sure what it took to get to this point, but I am sure glad you did. I could give you the long spill of why I think this process is helpful and enlightening, but I won't. What I will tell you is; you are capable, you are strong, you are resilient and going through the psychotherapy process I hope you discover that too! You deserve to be seen, to feel valued and to be heard. Life has a way of knocking the wind out of you and causing you to question your existence. Resilience is one thing we all share; the capability of getting back up and breathe again. Breathe.
To my future clients, wow I'm so glad you've crossed my page. I'm not sure what it took to get to this point, but I am sure glad you did. I could give you the long spill of why I think this process is helpful and enlightening, but I won't. What I will tell you is; you are capable, you are strong, you are resilient and going through the psychotherapy process I hope you discover that too! You deserve to be seen, to feel valued and to be heard. Life has a way of knocking the wind out of you and causing you to question your existence. Resilience is one thing we all share; the capability of getting back up and breathe again. Breathe.
(412) 435-9031 View (412) 435-9031
Photo of Annette Kolski-Andreaco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Annette Kolski-Andreaco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I am a family therapist who works with individuals, couples and families. I focus my practice on helping individuals improve their important relationships - with their children, with their spouses or with a significant other and with their parents. Helping clients with work relationships is also a significant part of my practice. I've facilitated sessions with several generations of married couples within one family. Important relationships influence a person's emotional and physical states, resulting in some cases in extreme distress. When people reduce their sensitivity to others, they can make dramatic improvements in directing their own emotional and physical wellbeing.
I am a family therapist who works with individuals, couples and families. I focus my practice on helping individuals improve their important relationships - with their children, with their spouses or with a significant other and with their parents. Helping clients with work relationships is also a significant part of my practice. I've facilitated sessions with several generations of married couples within one family. Important relationships influence a person's emotional and physical states, resulting in some cases in extreme distress. When people reduce their sensitivity to others, they can make dramatic improvements in directing their own emotional and physical wellbeing.
(412) 540-5685 View (412) 540-5685
Photo of Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
In these challenging times, it's important to have a person and place for support; a place where your voice is truly heard. At Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring LLC, I understand the art of listening and guidance.
In these challenging times, it's important to have a person and place for support; a place where your voice is truly heard. At Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring LLC, I understand the art of listening and guidance.
(878) 881-1861 View (878) 881-1861
Photo of Olivia Leonard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Olivia Leonard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15205
Beginning your journey of self-growth can feel like an exciting yet daunting time, but I am glad you are here. I will aim to build a safe space through our trusted relationship so that you are able to gain better awareness of areas that are keeping you stuck. My hope is to guide you through that process, providing skills and support, all in effort to help you live a less stressful and more fulfilling life. Above all, I see you as human rather than a diagnosis and will meet you where you are each time we meet.
Beginning your journey of self-growth can feel like an exciting yet daunting time, but I am glad you are here. I will aim to build a safe space through our trusted relationship so that you are able to gain better awareness of areas that are keeping you stuck. My hope is to guide you through that process, providing skills and support, all in effort to help you live a less stressful and more fulfilling life. Above all, I see you as human rather than a diagnosis and will meet you where you are each time we meet.
(412) 912-2441 View (412) 912-2441
Photo of Allison Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Allison Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you feel alone, down, overwhelmed, or stressed out? Maybe your life has taken a sudden turn in a direction you were not expecting. Or maybe you feel your relationship is not what it used to be, or possibly, you're wondering if you're stuck in an abusive dynamic. In a world filled with challenges, uncertainties, and moments of self-doubt, finding the right professional counselor to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery is crucial.
Do you feel alone, down, overwhelmed, or stressed out? Maybe your life has taken a sudden turn in a direction you were not expecting. Or maybe you feel your relationship is not what it used to be, or possibly, you're wondering if you're stuck in an abusive dynamic. In a world filled with challenges, uncertainties, and moments of self-doubt, finding the right professional counselor to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery is crucial.
(724) 399-3710 View (724) 399-3710

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.