Therapists in Roanoke, VA

Photo of Emily Uribe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Emily Uribe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Not accepting new clients
I work with clients at Star City Therapy Services, LLC. We provide telehealth therapy throughout Virginia, and in person sessions in Roanoke Virginia. We provide a wide range of counseling to include; play therapy, EMDR, CBT, and couples counseling. I offer EMDR/Trauma Therapy, Play therapy, and assistance with dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, chronic illness, and stress. I am able to accept Medicaid MCOs and self pay as well as many private insurances. I am currently closing my waitlist and do not anticipate taking more new clients in 2024.
I work with clients at Star City Therapy Services, LLC. We provide telehealth therapy throughout Virginia, and in person sessions in Roanoke Virginia. We provide a wide range of counseling to include; play therapy, EMDR, CBT, and couples counseling. I offer EMDR/Trauma Therapy, Play therapy, and assistance with dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, chronic illness, and stress. I am able to accept Medicaid MCOs and self pay as well as many private insurances. I am currently closing my waitlist and do not anticipate taking more new clients in 2024.
(540) 215-7709 View (540) 215-7709
Photo of Babbling Brook Counseling Services PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Babbling Brook Counseling Services PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACAS, CPI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
Brooke is NOT accepting New Clients at this time. Brooke has 25 years of experience working with children, families, and adults within the health care system, foster care, schools, community-based services, and outpatient practice. Brooke’s goal is to help individuals understand the impact of their thoughts on feelings and behaviors and learn the skills to strengthen and grow as individuals. Brooke values assisting individuals in building confidence and self-worth and finding happiness within one's self, along with helping to support those we love.
Brooke is NOT accepting New Clients at this time. Brooke has 25 years of experience working with children, families, and adults within the health care system, foster care, schools, community-based services, and outpatient practice. Brooke’s goal is to help individuals understand the impact of their thoughts on feelings and behaviors and learn the skills to strengthen and grow as individuals. Brooke values assisting individuals in building confidence and self-worth and finding happiness within one's self, along with helping to support those we love.
(540) 701-2238 View (540) 701-2238
Photo of Mackenzie Coulson, Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Mackenzie Coulson
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016  (Online Only)
Hey, my name is Mackenzie, but you can call me Max (I'm not much for formalities)! I'm glad you are here. I help women who struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma to improve their quality of life. I am passionate about supporting people in overcoming barriers to living the way you want to live. You may be looking for support in building confidence, boundary setting, you may be looking for support in processing past trauma in a safe space, or you may be looking to connect with your inner child. Maybe it is something entirely different. Either way, you are on the right track, therapy is an amazing tool at every life stage.
Hey, my name is Mackenzie, but you can call me Max (I'm not much for formalities)! I'm glad you are here. I help women who struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma to improve their quality of life. I am passionate about supporting people in overcoming barriers to living the way you want to live. You may be looking for support in building confidence, boundary setting, you may be looking for support in processing past trauma in a safe space, or you may be looking to connect with your inner child. Maybe it is something entirely different. Either way, you are on the right track, therapy is an amazing tool at every life stage.
(276) 859-5673 View (276) 859-5673
Photo of Aisha Cowley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Roanoke, VA
Aisha Cowley
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
I deeply believe that everyone deserves a space to feel safe and safely express themselves regardless of their age, ethnicity, background, or beliefs. I also believe that each person’s struggle is real, and I am devoted to making sure that each client I work with is heard and feels heard. I am passionate about helping others understand, strengthen and use their natural ability to be resilient during and after times of crisis.
I deeply believe that everyone deserves a space to feel safe and safely express themselves regardless of their age, ethnicity, background, or beliefs. I also believe that each person’s struggle is real, and I am devoted to making sure that each client I work with is heard and feels heard. I am passionate about helping others understand, strengthen and use their natural ability to be resilient during and after times of crisis.
(757) 908-6758 View (757) 908-6758
Photo of Scott Cundiff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Scott Cundiff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Waitlist for new clients
I work with older children, tweens, adolescents, young adults and their parents. I also see individuals struggling with a variety of concerns. I provide couples therapy as well for highly motivated couples who are eager to improve their relationship. Common problem situations I often see: Parenting anxiety, impulse control issues (gaming, pornography etc.), anger control, burn-out, relationship fatigue, difficult family dynamics, anxiety and depression which comes from many sources including traumatic experiences. I also help individuals of all types, often feeling burdoned discover the preferred path that they wish to walk in life.
I work with older children, tweens, adolescents, young adults and their parents. I also see individuals struggling with a variety of concerns. I provide couples therapy as well for highly motivated couples who are eager to improve their relationship. Common problem situations I often see: Parenting anxiety, impulse control issues (gaming, pornography etc.), anger control, burn-out, relationship fatigue, difficult family dynamics, anxiety and depression which comes from many sources including traumatic experiences. I also help individuals of all types, often feeling burdoned discover the preferred path that they wish to walk in life.
(540) 889-3229 x810 View (540) 889-3229 x810
Photo of Chad Runyon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Chad Runyon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Virginia who believes that a tailored mix of experiential processes and existential discussions can contribute to a greater awareness of self and a more meaningful life. I work best with adults who feel stuck, trapped or left behind and are also willing to to take healthy, manageable risks that can open new doors to their future.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Virginia who believes that a tailored mix of experiential processes and existential discussions can contribute to a greater awareness of self and a more meaningful life. I work best with adults who feel stuck, trapped or left behind and are also willing to to take healthy, manageable risks that can open new doors to their future.
(571) 506-7109 View (571) 506-7109
Photo of Linnie Daniel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Linnie Daniel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015  (Online Only)
Life throws us challenges that can feel like you're stuck in survival mode. You might feel disconnected from the world, having difficulty with relationships, or a sense of confusion about the future.
Life throws us challenges that can feel like you're stuck in survival mode. You might feel disconnected from the world, having difficulty with relationships, or a sense of confusion about the future.
(757) 517-8364 View (757) 517-8364
Photo of Jeff Letchford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Jeff Letchford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24014
Providing a non-judgmental environment meeting you with openness, fairness, dignity, and respect is Jeff’s main goal as he helps to build your emotional resilience. Together engaging in therapy that will best support your needs, utilizing your personal strengths, goals, and creating appropriate strategies to help you succeed. Jeff honors the connection between mind, body and spirit; recognizing the holistic view of the client’s needs. Jeff provides quality services to adolescents and adults struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and other issues that may bring them to therapy.
Providing a non-judgmental environment meeting you with openness, fairness, dignity, and respect is Jeff’s main goal as he helps to build your emotional resilience. Together engaging in therapy that will best support your needs, utilizing your personal strengths, goals, and creating appropriate strategies to help you succeed. Jeff honors the connection between mind, body and spirit; recognizing the holistic view of the client’s needs. Jeff provides quality services to adolescents and adults struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and other issues that may bring them to therapy.
(540) 302-2961 View (540) 302-2961
Photo of Hayley Nasrallah, Pre-Licensed Professional in Roanoke, VA
Hayley Nasrallah
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
At the end of therapy clients often tell me they "feel like themselves again." Difficulties such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relational conflict may have you feeling alienated from others and yourself. This is an incredibly hard and lonely place to be. I consider it one of life's greatest honors to walk with people through their times of difficulty as they find their way back home to hope.
At the end of therapy clients often tell me they "feel like themselves again." Difficulties such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relational conflict may have you feeling alienated from others and yourself. This is an incredibly hard and lonely place to be. I consider it one of life's greatest honors to walk with people through their times of difficulty as they find their way back home to hope.
(540) 384-9388 View (540) 384-9388
Photo of Danielle Gofman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Danielle Gofman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24011  (Online Only)
The people with whom I work range in age from late teens to adult, and are typically facing challenges with eating disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety, depression, and/or other co-occurring diagnoses. I believe in utilizing a collaborative approach to set goals and explore the focus of our work together. I will meet with you, wherever you are in your journey of healing, to support you in becoming the best version of yourself.
The people with whom I work range in age from late teens to adult, and are typically facing challenges with eating disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety, depression, and/or other co-occurring diagnoses. I believe in utilizing a collaborative approach to set goals and explore the focus of our work together. I will meet with you, wherever you are in your journey of healing, to support you in becoming the best version of yourself.
(203) 769-9338 View (203) 769-9338
Photo of Transgender Dysphoria Diagnosis - WPATH Letters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Transgender Dysphoria Diagnosis - WPATH Letters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24011  (Online Only)
Your transition ally is waiting at Queer Talk Therapy. Specializing in gender identity, they offer thorough assessments and readiness letters, rooted in an informed consent model, simplifying your path to medical transition. Your $175 investment goes beyond an assessment—it's a comprehensive, WPATH-compliant roadmap, inclusive of letter updates and ongoing support. More than an assessment, it’s an invaluable bridge to your next chapter. Simply visit our WEBSITE to schedule and get started today.
Your transition ally is waiting at Queer Talk Therapy. Specializing in gender identity, they offer thorough assessments and readiness letters, rooted in an informed consent model, simplifying your path to medical transition. Your $175 investment goes beyond an assessment—it's a comprehensive, WPATH-compliant roadmap, inclusive of letter updates and ongoing support. More than an assessment, it’s an invaluable bridge to your next chapter. Simply visit our WEBSITE to schedule and get started today.
Photo of Anne Silber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Anne Silber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
I believe asking for help is one of the bravest things anyone can do. It takes courage to reach out and seek support, and I'm honored to be considered a partner in your journey. Whether it's helping children navigate their emotions, supporting teens through the rollercoaster of adolescence, or assisting adults on their path to self-discovery, I'm here to provide the support you need to thrive. Together, we’ll create a safe space where you can find your voice, discover your inner strength, and create lasting positive change.
I believe asking for help is one of the bravest things anyone can do. It takes courage to reach out and seek support, and I'm honored to be considered a partner in your journey. Whether it's helping children navigate their emotions, supporting teens through the rollercoaster of adolescence, or assisting adults on their path to self-discovery, I'm here to provide the support you need to thrive. Together, we’ll create a safe space where you can find your voice, discover your inner strength, and create lasting positive change.
(540) 518-0981 View (540) 518-0981
Photo of Jennifer G. Oginz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Jennifer G. Oginz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015
I’ve worked 30+ years as a therapist and am very lucky to have found my passion. My love has been nonprofit community mental health, and I have dedicated many years of service to nonprofits. I have worked extensively with clients of all ages and stages in life, facilitated recovery groups and provided family/couples therapy. This is an LGBTQ+ friendly practice. It is a privilege to be invited into someone's life story. I have gained a great many things from the clients that I have served. I can only hope, I've helped them along their pathway in life.
I’ve worked 30+ years as a therapist and am very lucky to have found my passion. My love has been nonprofit community mental health, and I have dedicated many years of service to nonprofits. I have worked extensively with clients of all ages and stages in life, facilitated recovery groups and provided family/couples therapy. This is an LGBTQ+ friendly practice. It is a privilege to be invited into someone's life story. I have gained a great many things from the clients that I have served. I can only hope, I've helped them along their pathway in life.
(540) 712-6173 View (540) 712-6173
Photo of Chanelle Henderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Chanelle Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I'm Chanelle Henderson, a licensed professional counselor specializing in compassionate support for all those along life's journey. When you step into my office, I see that you are letting me into sacred ground. ​ As a counselor, my role is to provide a place so you can be brave enough to heal and grow. I will support you with cultural humility and LGBTQIA+ affirming practices so you can strengthen a deeper relationship with yourself and those closest to you. I specialize in working with those affected by traumatic experiences such as the immigration process, childhood abuse, and perinatal recovery.
Welcome! I'm Chanelle Henderson, a licensed professional counselor specializing in compassionate support for all those along life's journey. When you step into my office, I see that you are letting me into sacred ground. ​ As a counselor, my role is to provide a place so you can be brave enough to heal and grow. I will support you with cultural humility and LGBTQIA+ affirming practices so you can strengthen a deeper relationship with yourself and those closest to you. I specialize in working with those affected by traumatic experiences such as the immigration process, childhood abuse, and perinatal recovery.
(540) 253-4779 View (540) 253-4779
Photo of Heidi Ann Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Heidi Ann Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015
Welcome. You have taken the first courageous step in seeking help. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over thirty years of clinical experience. I work with adults and couples who are dealing with: anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, family of origin issues and codependency. I have a master's degree in Counseling from West Virginia University and am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Additionally, I am a certified Clinical Supervisor and am open to supervising counseling residents as well as licensed professionals.
Welcome. You have taken the first courageous step in seeking help. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over thirty years of clinical experience. I work with adults and couples who are dealing with: anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, family of origin issues and codependency. I have a master's degree in Counseling from West Virginia University and am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Additionally, I am a certified Clinical Supervisor and am open to supervising counseling residents as well as licensed professionals.
(540) 253-1479 View (540) 253-1479
Photo of Katie Poulos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Katie Poulos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
Not accepting new clients
The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. If you have made it this far, you have begun your healing journey. Are you tired of how you feel? Having difficulty sleeping? Low energy and lack of motivation? Easily startled or finding yourself avoiding painful memories? I can help. I provide comprehensive, compassionate psychotherapy services in the Roanoke Valley. With over 20 years of experience, I specialize in trauma-informed therapy. With the use of EMDR Therapy and other modalities, I can help you identify, target, and process the root of your discomfort. What keeps you up at night now can become a distant memory.
The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. If you have made it this far, you have begun your healing journey. Are you tired of how you feel? Having difficulty sleeping? Low energy and lack of motivation? Easily startled or finding yourself avoiding painful memories? I can help. I provide comprehensive, compassionate psychotherapy services in the Roanoke Valley. With over 20 years of experience, I specialize in trauma-informed therapy. With the use of EMDR Therapy and other modalities, I can help you identify, target, and process the root of your discomfort. What keeps you up at night now can become a distant memory.
(540) 518-0355 View (540) 518-0355
Photo of Elise Angelos, Licensed Professional Counselor in Roanoke, VA
Elise Angelos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Elise Angelos is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has worked in clinical mental health and addictions in both outpatient and residential settings. Elise's primary areas of counseling are anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, and substance abuse.
Elise Angelos is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has worked in clinical mental health and addictions in both outpatient and residential settings. Elise's primary areas of counseling are anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, and substance abuse.
(540) 329-3409 View (540) 329-3409
Photo of Jan Nicholson, Psychologist in Roanoke, VA
Jan Nicholson
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I'm Dr. Jan, a compassionate Harvard-educated psychologist with many years of experience in the integration and healing of mind, body, and spirit. Whether we meet online or in person, my goal is to create a safe nurturing space for you to embark on a journey of discovery, self-awareness, and transformation. In my practice, I offer support to individuals of all ages navigating life's many challenges: to better manage anxiety, stress, and depression related to medical conditions, life transitions, loss, everyday struggles as well as trauma. Many people come to me specifically to pursue personal and spiritual growth.
Welcome! I'm Dr. Jan, a compassionate Harvard-educated psychologist with many years of experience in the integration and healing of mind, body, and spirit. Whether we meet online or in person, my goal is to create a safe nurturing space for you to embark on a journey of discovery, self-awareness, and transformation. In my practice, I offer support to individuals of all ages navigating life's many challenges: to better manage anxiety, stress, and depression related to medical conditions, life transitions, loss, everyday struggles as well as trauma. Many people come to me specifically to pursue personal and spiritual growth.
(540) 506-3713 View (540) 506-3713
Photo of Jessica Conway, Marriage & Family Therapist in Roanoke, VA
Jessica Conway
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24015
Waitlist for new clients
It's great news that you're here! My name is Jes Conway and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience working with individuals and couples in a wide range of settings. Whether you are seeking to address a specific problem/situation or you are interested in taking a general personal inventory, you're acknowledging that you would like things to be different. What we often don't realize is that change requires taking action, and that in itself is a skill to learn and practice. I am excited to meet you and to see how I might be of service.
It's great news that you're here! My name is Jes Conway and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience working with individuals and couples in a wide range of settings. Whether you are seeking to address a specific problem/situation or you are interested in taking a general personal inventory, you're acknowledging that you would like things to be different. What we often don't realize is that change requires taking action, and that in itself is a skill to learn and practice. I am excited to meet you and to see how I might be of service.
(540) 385-4584 View (540) 385-4584
Photo of Yasmin Ramadan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Roanoke, VA
Yasmin Ramadan
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! I truly believe creating healthier relationships is connected to your overall well being and quality of life. I focus on building healthy relationships. If you experience relationships that cause anxiety or depression and/or you feel like you can't be your authentic self in your relationships, I can help. I specialize in relationships and understand that relationships can be very fulfilling to your mental health. I offer services to both individuals and couples. If you are interested in creating healthier relationships let's work together!
Hi there! I truly believe creating healthier relationships is connected to your overall well being and quality of life. I focus on building healthy relationships. If you experience relationships that cause anxiety or depression and/or you feel like you can't be your authentic self in your relationships, I can help. I specialize in relationships and understand that relationships can be very fulfilling to your mental health. I offer services to both individuals and couples. If you are interested in creating healthier relationships let's work together!
(540) 583-4758 View (540) 583-4758

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Roanoke, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Roanoke, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Stress
69% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Anthem | Elevance
72% Aetna
70% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Roanoke, VA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Roanoke?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.