Therapists in Gainesville, VA

Photo of Stephanie Walker Crowe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Stephanie Walker Crowe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NBCC, ACS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Passion and empathy combine to allow me to help many incredible people affirm their strengths and overcome obstacles. Developing a genuine rapport with the clients served is also essential to their success. A firm believer that we are all capable of amazing feats, I feel strongly that, at times, we just need help to gain clarity. Along with educational and practical experience, the realization that each client has an individual perspective and distinct set of circumstances enables the facilitation of many concerns ranging from everyday life stressors, to depression, anxiety, and many other mental health and behavioral concerns.
Passion and empathy combine to allow me to help many incredible people affirm their strengths and overcome obstacles. Developing a genuine rapport with the clients served is also essential to their success. A firm believer that we are all capable of amazing feats, I feel strongly that, at times, we just need help to gain clarity. Along with educational and practical experience, the realization that each client has an individual perspective and distinct set of circumstances enables the facilitation of many concerns ranging from everyday life stressors, to depression, anxiety, and many other mental health and behavioral concerns.
(703) 997-8546 View (703) 997-8546
Photo of Chalita Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Chalita Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Chalita Thomas, LPC Chalita Thomas is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2013. She has an M.S. from North Carolina Central University and an M.A. from Liberty University. Chalita thrives in providing a warm, compassionate, unbiased, and safe environment where clients are openly able to express their thoughts and feelings. In her spare time, Chalita enjoys traveling, shopping, volunteering, and going to concerts.
Chalita Thomas, LPC Chalita Thomas is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2013. She has an M.S. from North Carolina Central University and an M.A. from Liberty University. Chalita thrives in providing a warm, compassionate, unbiased, and safe environment where clients are openly able to express their thoughts and feelings. In her spare time, Chalita enjoys traveling, shopping, volunteering, and going to concerts.
(571) 601-1211 View (571) 601-1211
Photo of Ceres Artico Ph. D., Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Ceres Artico Ph. D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
(703) 947-0838 View (703) 947-0838
Photo of Ruth Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Ruth Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Ruth Ritchie Young is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who has been practicing for the past 30 years in the therapeutic profession. She graduated from Virginia Commonwealth University with a Masters in Social Work. Ruth's approach to your mental wellness is individualized to include several evidenced based approaches. Her main areas of focus include CBT, DBT, Insight, family systems and EMDR. In her spare time, she is an avid reader, enjoys kayaking around NOVA waterways, and spending time with family.
Ruth Ritchie Young is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who has been practicing for the past 30 years in the therapeutic profession. She graduated from Virginia Commonwealth University with a Masters in Social Work. Ruth's approach to your mental wellness is individualized to include several evidenced based approaches. Her main areas of focus include CBT, DBT, Insight, family systems and EMDR. In her spare time, she is an avid reader, enjoys kayaking around NOVA waterways, and spending time with family.
(571) 581-6868 View (571) 581-6868
Photo of Rebecca Cottle-Makhene, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Rebecca Cottle-Makhene
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT-S, CATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
My goal is to meet clients where they are and take them where they want to be. My varied experiences allows me to utilize differing psychotherapy techniques based on what the client needs. I have a focus on trauma related issues and victim advocacy. I believe that by empowering clients with resilience and helping them to find their strength they can use those tools no matter what adversities they may face. My clinical expertise encompasses a range of problems, including mood and anxiety disorders, child and parental adjustment to divorce, child and adolescent behavior management problems, social skills, and parenting.
My goal is to meet clients where they are and take them where they want to be. My varied experiences allows me to utilize differing psychotherapy techniques based on what the client needs. I have a focus on trauma related issues and victim advocacy. I believe that by empowering clients with resilience and helping them to find their strength they can use those tools no matter what adversities they may face. My clinical expertise encompasses a range of problems, including mood and anxiety disorders, child and parental adjustment to divorce, child and adolescent behavior management problems, social skills, and parenting.
(703) 997-4916 View (703) 997-4916
Photo of Clarity Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Clarity Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
Clarity Counseling is an outpatient treatment center that commits to providing quality treatment to individuals, families and groups in the Northern Virginia and Richmond area. Clarity specializes in providing comprehensive and evidenced-based treatment for eating disorder recovery and specialized therapies for mental illness. Clarity offers a unique experience where therapists collaborate with the individual and treatment professionals to offer a clear path, free from distortion. Committed to offering quality care, Clarity values working together with their client toward a fuller life that has balance, hope, and a full recovery.
Clarity Counseling is an outpatient treatment center that commits to providing quality treatment to individuals, families and groups in the Northern Virginia and Richmond area. Clarity specializes in providing comprehensive and evidenced-based treatment for eating disorder recovery and specialized therapies for mental illness. Clarity offers a unique experience where therapists collaborate with the individual and treatment professionals to offer a clear path, free from distortion. Committed to offering quality care, Clarity values working together with their client toward a fuller life that has balance, hope, and a full recovery.
(571) 336-1246 View (571) 336-1246
Photo of The Men's Center for Family Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
The Men's Center for Family Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
(Currently Providing Online Counseling) The Men's Center for Family Counseling is a privately-owned practice located in Gainesville, Va. Our focus is to provide an environment that is tailored to the specific needs of the male client and the people in their lives. Taking a solution focused approach, therapists work with clients to identify underlying problems, improve self-awareness and to develop specific skills that address the client's needs. Though our focus is on the male client we do meet with female clients who come to us looking for this type of approach to therapy. Our mission is to support, educate and empower people.
(Currently Providing Online Counseling) The Men's Center for Family Counseling is a privately-owned practice located in Gainesville, Va. Our focus is to provide an environment that is tailored to the specific needs of the male client and the people in their lives. Taking a solution focused approach, therapists work with clients to identify underlying problems, improve self-awareness and to develop specific skills that address the client's needs. Though our focus is on the male client we do meet with female clients who come to us looking for this type of approach to therapy. Our mission is to support, educate and empower people.
(571) 248-3345 View (571) 248-3345
Photo of Marriage Healing Center, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Marriage Healing Center, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Are you going through a struggle in your marriage or romantic relationship? Do you feel that the connection you once shared when you first met is waning? Have you tried to address issues with your partner on your own, but are still feeling stuck? There is hope for your relationship. We are a team of marriage therapists with a number of years of experience in working with couples. The majority of therapists are trained in the Gottman Method or Imago Therapy. We have helped numerous couples get through the power struggle phase of their relationship to find a connection.
Are you going through a struggle in your marriage or romantic relationship? Do you feel that the connection you once shared when you first met is waning? Have you tried to address issues with your partner on your own, but are still feeling stuck? There is hope for your relationship. We are a team of marriage therapists with a number of years of experience in working with couples. The majority of therapists are trained in the Gottman Method or Imago Therapy. We have helped numerous couples get through the power struggle phase of their relationship to find a connection.
(703) 297-8458 View (703) 297-8458
Photo of Monique Cowell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Gainesville, VA
Monique Cowell
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
“Life can and will have its challenges. The way we cope with these challenges can be our greatest gift if we equip ourselves with the mindset that we have already conquered them.” Seeking support is commendable and shows that you are on your way to making positive changes in your life. I am excited to help you on and through your journey of healing and wholeness.
“Life can and will have its challenges. The way we cope with these challenges can be our greatest gift if we equip ourselves with the mindset that we have already conquered them.” Seeking support is commendable and shows that you are on your way to making positive changes in your life. I am excited to help you on and through your journey of healing and wholeness.
(571) 536-2449 View (571) 536-2449
Photo of Kayla Horner, Resident in Counseling in Gainesville, VA
Kayla Horner
Resident in Counseling, MA, CAIP, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
If you are seeking a safe and empathetic space to process the effects of depression, anxiety, trauma, peer relationship issues, or work/ school related stress, I may be the counselor for you. I collaboratively work with clients to form goals, coping skills, and challenge maladaptive thoughts. The foundation of my therapeutic approach is Person Centered, as I believe that each individual's experience is unique and that he or she is the expert in his or her own life. Together, we will utilize aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and mindfulness to assist you in your growth and healing.
If you are seeking a safe and empathetic space to process the effects of depression, anxiety, trauma, peer relationship issues, or work/ school related stress, I may be the counselor for you. I collaboratively work with clients to form goals, coping skills, and challenge maladaptive thoughts. The foundation of my therapeutic approach is Person Centered, as I believe that each individual's experience is unique and that he or she is the expert in his or her own life. Together, we will utilize aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and mindfulness to assist you in your growth and healing.
(571) 946-2717 View (571) 946-2717
Photo of Antoinette Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Antoinette Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
A combination of therapeutic approaches is utilized to meet the personal needs and goals of individuals, couples, and families. I have over 20 years of providing substance abuse and mental health counseling services to adolescent and adult clients. Understanding that each client has an unique set of circumstances, my experience can help with a wide variety of complex problems, ranging from marriage or family issues, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, or any other variety of life issues. Your privacy and confidentiality is a priority and I am committed to helping you reach personal goals and overcoming obstacles in your life.
A combination of therapeutic approaches is utilized to meet the personal needs and goals of individuals, couples, and families. I have over 20 years of providing substance abuse and mental health counseling services to adolescent and adult clients. Understanding that each client has an unique set of circumstances, my experience can help with a wide variety of complex problems, ranging from marriage or family issues, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, or any other variety of life issues. Your privacy and confidentiality is a priority and I am committed to helping you reach personal goals and overcoming obstacles in your life.
(571) 330-9515 View (571) 330-9515
Photo of Amanda Criste, Pre-Licensed Professional in Gainesville, VA
Amanda Criste
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, CTP
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
I believe that every individual has within them what is necessary to reach their full potential. I offer a safe and compassionate environment where clients are able to foster insight and self-awareness that leads to positive change. It is an honor to walk alongside my clients on their path to emotional wellbeing. I have experience working with individuals dealing with a variety of mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, adjustment issues, and trauma. I have experience working with teenagers and adults.
I believe that every individual has within them what is necessary to reach their full potential. I offer a safe and compassionate environment where clients are able to foster insight and self-awareness that leads to positive change. It is an honor to walk alongside my clients on their path to emotional wellbeing. I have experience working with individuals dealing with a variety of mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, adjustment issues, and trauma. I have experience working with teenagers and adults.
(571) 517-2818 View (571) 517-2818
Photo of Kai Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Kai Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
(571) 570-3238 View (571) 570-3238
Photo of Olivia Sweetnam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Olivia Sweetnam
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Accepting residents for LPC supervision. I believe that every individual has the ability to reach their full potential no matter what stressful experiences they may encounter. Everyone has their own story which is why I tailor treatment by taking a person-centered approach incorporating evidence-based therapies to create a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients are able to develop skills that promote positive change.
Accepting residents for LPC supervision. I believe that every individual has the ability to reach their full potential no matter what stressful experiences they may encounter. Everyone has their own story which is why I tailor treatment by taking a person-centered approach incorporating evidence-based therapies to create a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients are able to develop skills that promote positive change.
(571) 470-5527 View (571) 470-5527
Photo of Clarity Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Clarity Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
I have been working in the field of eating disorders & trauma since 2008 and I am committed to help client’s understand and fully overcome their illness so that they have peace within their mind, body, and spirit. I earned her Bachelors of Arts at Rutgers University and Masters of Science at Columbia University. In 2017 I became a certified eating disorder specialist and supervisor and currently hold a leadership role in that organization. I am energetic, passionate, and dedicated to empowering individuals and families who are impacted by eating disorders and mental health and hope to walk along side you in your recovery process.
I have been working in the field of eating disorders & trauma since 2008 and I am committed to help client’s understand and fully overcome their illness so that they have peace within their mind, body, and spirit. I earned her Bachelors of Arts at Rutgers University and Masters of Science at Columbia University. In 2017 I became a certified eating disorder specialist and supervisor and currently hold a leadership role in that organization. I am energetic, passionate, and dedicated to empowering individuals and families who are impacted by eating disorders and mental health and hope to walk along side you in your recovery process.
(571) 520-6408 View (571) 520-6408
Photo of Shaakira Simmonds, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Shaakira Simmonds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Welcome to the first step in pursuing a different you. We endure several challenges on a daily basis and various life experiences which could cause increased irritability, difficulty sleeping, sadness, and anger which may bring about feelings of worry, anxiety or depression. Let's talk about how we can work through challenges, focus on healing and growth. There is hope and power in therapeutic recovery with the support of a licensed professional. I work with parents, young adults and college students who are adjusting to life. Let's collaboratively start the journey of renewal.
Welcome to the first step in pursuing a different you. We endure several challenges on a daily basis and various life experiences which could cause increased irritability, difficulty sleeping, sadness, and anger which may bring about feelings of worry, anxiety or depression. Let's talk about how we can work through challenges, focus on healing and growth. There is hope and power in therapeutic recovery with the support of a licensed professional. I work with parents, young adults and college students who are adjusting to life. Let's collaboratively start the journey of renewal.
(571) 450-9898 View (571) 450-9898
Photo of Tiffany Tait, Resident in Counseling in Gainesville, VA
Tiffany Tait
Resident in Counseling, MS, ASDI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for concerns including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for concerns including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills
(571) 517-1794 View (571) 517-1794
Photo of Susan Louchen - Dyslexia Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Susan Louchen - Dyslexia Therapist
MS, CALT, C-SLDS
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Waitlist for new clients
Do school assignments cause emotional distress? Multisensory Structured Language Therapy for Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and related disorders reduces frustration and anxiety while enabling age-appropriate independence in reading and writing.
Do school assignments cause emotional distress? Multisensory Structured Language Therapy for Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and related disorders reduces frustration and anxiety while enabling age-appropriate independence in reading and writing.
(540) 274-2048 View (540) 274-2048
Photo of Douglas R McCracken, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gainesville, VA
Douglas R McCracken
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAATS
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
My practice consists of adults and adolescents with mood disorders, grief and life issues. I offer a unique blend of Christian counseling with a cognitive behavorial model. Relationaly motivated to help those that enter my practice.
My practice consists of adults and adolescents with mood disorders, grief and life issues. I offer a unique blend of Christian counseling with a cognitive behavorial model. Relationaly motivated to help those that enter my practice.
(571) 317-2418 View (571) 317-2418
Photo of Victoria (Tori) Palmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gainesville, VA
Victoria (Tori) Palmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Waitlist for new clients
I strongly believe that no one should ever have to walk alone in struggling with life’s obstacles and challenges. In therapy, I aim to work with you in collaboration to address your concerns in a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment. I am certain that all humans have unique strengths and that once we tap into the identified strengths, we are able to open the door to healing and to build a life worth living. I specialize in the treatment of Eating Disorders, as my passion is to assist individuals and families heal their relationship with their body and mind.
I strongly believe that no one should ever have to walk alone in struggling with life’s obstacles and challenges. In therapy, I aim to work with you in collaboration to address your concerns in a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment. I am certain that all humans have unique strengths and that once we tap into the identified strengths, we are able to open the door to healing and to build a life worth living. I specialize in the treatment of Eating Disorders, as my passion is to assist individuals and families heal their relationship with their body and mind.
(571) 946-9039 View (571) 946-9039

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gainesville, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Gainesville, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
70% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
57% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Anthem | Elevance
76% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Gainesville, VA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gainesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.