Therapists in Scranton, PA

Photo of Kayla Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scranton, PA
Kayla Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome, my name is Kayla and I’m a Nationally Certified Counselor working towards licensure as an LPC. I earned my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Scranton. I am currently available for Telehealth sessions only. As an eclectic therapist, my goal is to create a safe and judgement free atmosphere where you can become your most authentic self.
Welcome, my name is Kayla and I’m a Nationally Certified Counselor working towards licensure as an LPC. I earned my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Scranton. I am currently available for Telehealth sessions only. As an eclectic therapist, my goal is to create a safe and judgement free atmosphere where you can become your most authentic self.
(570) 483-9261 View (570) 483-9261
Photo of Tony Kearney LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Tony Kearney LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
(570) 279-4564 View (570) 279-4564
Photo of Stephanie Chapman Waters in Scranton, PA
Stephanie Chapman Waters
LSW
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
(272) 444-3077 View (272) 444-3077
Photo of Annmarie Kopec, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Annmarie Kopec
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503  (Online Only)
Do you ever find yourself saying, “Anxiety seems to control my life” and It seems like the weight of past traumas is too much to bear? Coping with distress can feel like an uphill battle. It's the sleepless nights spent worrying, the constant feeling of unease, and the haunting memories that linger. You may be longing for a way to regain control, to step out from the shadows of past traumas, and to find inner peace. You find yourself saying something has to change, but you’re just not sure what to do to overcome these feelings.
Do you ever find yourself saying, “Anxiety seems to control my life” and It seems like the weight of past traumas is too much to bear? Coping with distress can feel like an uphill battle. It's the sleepless nights spent worrying, the constant feeling of unease, and the haunting memories that linger. You may be longing for a way to regain control, to step out from the shadows of past traumas, and to find inner peace. You find yourself saying something has to change, but you’re just not sure what to do to overcome these feelings.
(272) 225-6711 View (272) 225-6711
Photo of Kiersten Murrin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Kiersten Murrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Not accepting new clients
You may be seeking therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Perhaps you are facing a tough time, feeling overwhelmed, or even lost? Has someone else taken the power from your own life? Therapy can be a powerful healing tool to help us all reach our full potential and establish control where it may be missing.
You may be seeking therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Perhaps you are facing a tough time, feeling overwhelmed, or even lost? Has someone else taken the power from your own life? Therapy can be a powerful healing tool to help us all reach our full potential and establish control where it may be missing.
(272) 268-3603 View (272) 268-3603
Photo of Deana Tigue, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Deana Tigue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW, MEd, CAMS-II
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with feelings like anxiety, depression, anger, or past traumas? Maybe you're facing tough relationships, work stress, or burnout. You might feel lonely and isolated, grappling with questions about who you are and what lies ahead. It's a path that can feel off, and you know change is needed, but you're unsure of what to change or how to begin. You're not alone in this; many share these challenges. It's okay to seek help and explore new paths to find peace and direction in your life.
Do you struggle with feelings like anxiety, depression, anger, or past traumas? Maybe you're facing tough relationships, work stress, or burnout. You might feel lonely and isolated, grappling with questions about who you are and what lies ahead. It's a path that can feel off, and you know change is needed, but you're unsure of what to change or how to begin. You're not alone in this; many share these challenges. It's okay to seek help and explore new paths to find peace and direction in your life.
(272) 206-2632 View (272) 206-2632
Photo of Justine Andrews, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Justine Andrews
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Hello! I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and have a wide variety of experience in the field. I have worked in the home, in residential and in outpatient agencies in the past. I enjoy assisting others in overcoming what holds them back from being the best person they want to be.
Hello! I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and have a wide variety of experience in the field. I have worked in the home, in residential and in outpatient agencies in the past. I enjoy assisting others in overcoming what holds them back from being the best person they want to be.
(272) 435-8115 View (272) 435-8115
Photo of Ziv Ben-Dov, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Ziv Ben-Dov
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFA, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
Ziv Ben-Dov, MFA, MS, NCC, LPC. - a bilingual therapist. You and I will identify your life's meaning. We will create a unique formula that will help you realize your personal needs and aspirations. In partnership with me you will gain confidence and a capacity to achieve your goals. We will focus on gaining the freedom to love and be loved without fears and finding your life's purpose by developing goal oriented plans for success.
Ziv Ben-Dov, MFA, MS, NCC, LPC. - a bilingual therapist. You and I will identify your life's meaning. We will create a unique formula that will help you realize your personal needs and aspirations. In partnership with me you will gain confidence and a capacity to achieve your goals. We will focus on gaining the freedom to love and be loved without fears and finding your life's purpose by developing goal oriented plans for success.
(570) 861-6482 View (570) 861-6482
Photo of Rochelle Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Rochelle Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! My name is Rochelle Rodriguez and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I take on a person-centered approach serving as a guide and a source of support for my clients to reach self-acceptance and recovery. I view therapy as a collaborative effort in which I provide a judgment-free environment to help my clients work through life’s challenges in a safe place. My passion and goal is to assist individuals reach their fullest potential by highlighting their strengths and helping them work through their areas of growth. I strive to assist individuals with finding purpose and healing in their lives.
Hi! My name is Rochelle Rodriguez and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I take on a person-centered approach serving as a guide and a source of support for my clients to reach self-acceptance and recovery. I view therapy as a collaborative effort in which I provide a judgment-free environment to help my clients work through life’s challenges in a safe place. My passion and goal is to assist individuals reach their fullest potential by highlighting their strengths and helping them work through their areas of growth. I strive to assist individuals with finding purpose and healing in their lives.
(570) 535-4199 View (570) 535-4199
Photo of Cheryl Pappa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Cheryl Pappa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
Are you an adult or adolescent who feels stuck, or unmotivated as a result of trauma? You are not alone, and I can help. I use a holistic approach and provide an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard where you can discover your strengths, and develop insight into presenting issues and roadblocks to change. The ultimate goal is for my clients to emerge with an increased sense of self-worth, personal empowerment and the ability to engage fully in the life of their choosing.
Are you an adult or adolescent who feels stuck, or unmotivated as a result of trauma? You are not alone, and I can help. I use a holistic approach and provide an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard where you can discover your strengths, and develop insight into presenting issues and roadblocks to change. The ultimate goal is for my clients to emerge with an increased sense of self-worth, personal empowerment and the ability to engage fully in the life of their choosing.
(272) 808-1042 View (272) 808-1042
Photo of Heather Stuart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Heather Stuart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
My approach to counseling is from a humanistic perspective which places importance on looking at the whole person. By creating an atmosphere of safety and security, I assist the person in examining current difficulties, reconnecting to forgotten strengths and discovering their full potential. I believe that this is best achieved through understanding an individual's relationship to persons, places, things and events and how those relationships affect the person mentally, emotionally and physically.
My approach to counseling is from a humanistic perspective which places importance on looking at the whole person. By creating an atmosphere of safety and security, I assist the person in examining current difficulties, reconnecting to forgotten strengths and discovering their full potential. I believe that this is best achieved through understanding an individual's relationship to persons, places, things and events and how those relationships affect the person mentally, emotionally and physically.
(570) 279-4560 View (570) 279-4560
Photo of Brenda S Staerker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Brenda S Staerker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
(272) 268-7495 View (272) 268-7495
Photo of Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists at thaxtonholisticwellness.com. At THWC it is our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing-centered environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists at thaxtonholisticwellness.com. At THWC it is our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing-centered environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
(570) 354-0508 View (570) 354-0508
Photo of Karen M Palonis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Karen M Palonis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Everyday life often brings about many joys but also presents us with many obstacles, challenges, and disappointments that sometimes feel unbearable and lead us feeling overwhelmed, sad, and hopeless. The way we think and process these events lead to how we feel about ourselves in relation to the world. I use a cognitive behavioral approach to treat disorders related to anxiety, depression, grief, anger, obsessions, and compulsions. I assist individuals with developing the tools and skills necessary to make cognitive and behavioral changes that can open doors of opportunity for change, growth and personal fulfillment.
Everyday life often brings about many joys but also presents us with many obstacles, challenges, and disappointments that sometimes feel unbearable and lead us feeling overwhelmed, sad, and hopeless. The way we think and process these events lead to how we feel about ourselves in relation to the world. I use a cognitive behavioral approach to treat disorders related to anxiety, depression, grief, anger, obsessions, and compulsions. I assist individuals with developing the tools and skills necessary to make cognitive and behavioral changes that can open doors of opportunity for change, growth and personal fulfillment.
(570) 647-4273 View (570) 647-4273
Photo of Integrative Mind and Body Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Integrative Mind and Body Services
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
IMBS utilizes neurofeedback and biofeedback therapies to help people maximize their potential, increase self-awareness of their physiological and psychological functioning, and decrease their risk of health problems. Each session is specifically tailored to suit a client’s individual needs, whether you want to address specific symptoms or just be the best version of yourself.
IMBS utilizes neurofeedback and biofeedback therapies to help people maximize their potential, increase self-awareness of their physiological and psychological functioning, and decrease their risk of health problems. Each session is specifically tailored to suit a client’s individual needs, whether you want to address specific symptoms or just be the best version of yourself.
(570) 755-4381 View (570) 755-4381
Photo of Leah Talarico, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scranton, PA
Leah Talarico
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503  (Online Only)
Connection and belonging are core needs for all of us. My priority is to build a safe and genuine relationship with you. My approach includes a combination of somatic work (body-centered practices), attachment therapy, and emotion-focused therapy. I especially enjoy supporting individuals who experience anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, guilt and shame and self-esteem related issues. I also specialize in treating OCD using exposure and response prevention and acceptance and commitment therapy. I celebrate inclusivity, and offer acceptance and support to clients with diverse identities and backgrounds.
Connection and belonging are core needs for all of us. My priority is to build a safe and genuine relationship with you. My approach includes a combination of somatic work (body-centered practices), attachment therapy, and emotion-focused therapy. I especially enjoy supporting individuals who experience anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, guilt and shame and self-esteem related issues. I also specialize in treating OCD using exposure and response prevention and acceptance and commitment therapy. I celebrate inclusivity, and offer acceptance and support to clients with diverse identities and backgrounds.
(570) 751-5749 View (570) 751-5749
Photo of Marsinlen Blackwell Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Marsinlen Blackwell Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
My mission is to provide you for with compassion and clarity when you need it most. If you’ve been feeling hopeless or lost lately, or struggling with a problem in your life that feels unsurmountable, individual therapy could help you improve your everyday life. Individual therapy helps you win against whatever you’re battling by putting a real expert in your corner by means of a professional therapist. Sometimes you just need someone to listen to your concerns and help you problem solve, process emotions in a healthy way.
My mission is to provide you for with compassion and clarity when you need it most. If you’ve been feeling hopeless or lost lately, or struggling with a problem in your life that feels unsurmountable, individual therapy could help you improve your everyday life. Individual therapy helps you win against whatever you’re battling by putting a real expert in your corner by means of a professional therapist. Sometimes you just need someone to listen to your concerns and help you problem solve, process emotions in a healthy way.
(570) 535-3267 View (570) 535-3267
Photo of Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops in Scranton, PA
Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops
PsyD, MSW, Life, Coach
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
(570) 514-4584 View (570) 514-4584
Photo of Candice Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Candice Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
Hello! I can be a support as you start your journey towards insight and well being. Life can be unpredictable and overwhelming at times. It's not unusual for everyone, at one point or another, to experience up and downs throughout life. Deciding to look into options for counseling is a big step towards taking care of you and building an understanding of mental health concerns and strategies to improve how you feel. I have experience working with clients of all ages with concerns such as: life stress, anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, divorce, and relationship conflicts.
Hello! I can be a support as you start your journey towards insight and well being. Life can be unpredictable and overwhelming at times. It's not unusual for everyone, at one point or another, to experience up and downs throughout life. Deciding to look into options for counseling is a big step towards taking care of you and building an understanding of mental health concerns and strategies to improve how you feel. I have experience working with clients of all ages with concerns such as: life stress, anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, divorce, and relationship conflicts.
(570) 514-5146 View (570) 514-5146
Photo of Katie Graziano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Katie Graziano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18510  (Online Only)
Welcome! Finding a counselor with whom you can feel safe and vulnerable is so important, so I would like to share a bit more about myself. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working in Pennsylvania. My counseling style is empathetic, caring, genuine, strengths-based, and holistic. My work includes the use of evidence-base approaches, as well as mindfulness and respect of clients’ diverse backgrounds. I strive to help clients grow by working with them in a collaborative, validating, supportive manner. My aim is to help clients feel centered, comfortable being their authentic selves, and empowered to cope with life’s challenges.
Welcome! Finding a counselor with whom you can feel safe and vulnerable is so important, so I would like to share a bit more about myself. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working in Pennsylvania. My counseling style is empathetic, caring, genuine, strengths-based, and holistic. My work includes the use of evidence-base approaches, as well as mindfulness and respect of clients’ diverse backgrounds. I strive to help clients grow by working with them in a collaborative, validating, supportive manner. My aim is to help clients feel centered, comfortable being their authentic selves, and empowered to cope with life’s challenges.
(570) 487-3700 View (570) 487-3700

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scranton, PA

100+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Scranton, PA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
88% Depression
86% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
79% Geisinger
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Scranton, PA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scranton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.