Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

Photo of Enakshi Choudhuri, Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Enakshi Choudhuri
Counselor, PhD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Waitlist for new clients
Albert Einstein remarked, “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving”. At various times in our life we find ourselves challenged to do just that as we struggle to make it through the day. Using a strengths-based perspective, I will collaborate with you to understand and confront your unique challenges and empower you to find the inner strength and resources to facilitate positive healing change so you can keep moving forward. I firmly believe that while change is inevitable, being paralyzed by change is not and you have the power to construct your own unique pathway to optimal health and wellness.
Albert Einstein remarked, “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving”. At various times in our life we find ourselves challenged to do just that as we struggle to make it through the day. Using a strengths-based perspective, I will collaborate with you to understand and confront your unique challenges and empower you to find the inner strength and resources to facilitate positive healing change so you can keep moving forward. I firmly believe that while change is inevitable, being paralyzed by change is not and you have the power to construct your own unique pathway to optimal health and wellness.
(612) 361-2877 View (612) 361-2877
Photo of Richard Kofsky, Ph.D., L.P., Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Richard Kofsky, Ph.D., L.P.
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and families who are having feelings such as depression, anxiety, anger and grief. Creating an atmosphere that is both safe and challenging, I help clients gain a perspective that allows them to be clearer about themselves, their interaction with others and their personal and professional direction. I also specialize in consulting and coaching with business leaders and their organizations. With encouragement, support and genuine concern for my clients, I use all the tools I've gathered through 25 years of professional training and experience to facilitate this process.
I work with individuals, couples and families who are having feelings such as depression, anxiety, anger and grief. Creating an atmosphere that is both safe and challenging, I help clients gain a perspective that allows them to be clearer about themselves, their interaction with others and their personal and professional direction. I also specialize in consulting and coaching with business leaders and their organizations. With encouragement, support and genuine concern for my clients, I use all the tools I've gathered through 25 years of professional training and experience to facilitate this process.
(952) 314-5462 View (952) 314-5462
Photo of Tim Jandro, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Tim Jandro
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
I help children, adolescents, and young adults become the best version of themselves mentally, physically, socially, and emotionally. I understand the demands and pressures placed on them and utilize a “Values, Holistic, Mindfulness, Well-being” model to help them achieve “Psychological Flexibility.” This means becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings, having more control over actions and performance, and becoming the best version of themselves.
I help children, adolescents, and young adults become the best version of themselves mentally, physically, socially, and emotionally. I understand the demands and pressures placed on them and utilize a “Values, Holistic, Mindfulness, Well-being” model to help them achieve “Psychological Flexibility.” This means becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings, having more control over actions and performance, and becoming the best version of themselves.
(612) 688-7961 View (612) 688-7961
Photo of Bret P Schneider, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Bret P Schneider
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Are you or someone you care about going through a difficult time? Is your child/adolescent struggling at home or school with emotions, difficult behavior, or attention concerns? Whether you are looking for answers or seeking personal growth, I can help. I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in assessment and therapy with children, adolescents, and adults. My professional approach is one that encourages one's strengths, internal traits, and individual differences that contribute to personal and professional growth and an improved quality of life and understanding.
Are you or someone you care about going through a difficult time? Is your child/adolescent struggling at home or school with emotions, difficult behavior, or attention concerns? Whether you are looking for answers or seeking personal growth, I can help. I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in assessment and therapy with children, adolescents, and adults. My professional approach is one that encourages one's strengths, internal traits, and individual differences that contribute to personal and professional growth and an improved quality of life and understanding.
(952) 260-3810 View (952) 260-3810
Photo of Jeff Shively, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Jeff Shively
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345  (Online Only)
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
(651) 560-3807 View (651) 560-3807
Photo of Cathy Rupnow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Cathy Rupnow
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Cathy Rupnow is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She brings valuable experience to work with trauma, all types of abuse, and healing of past and present emotional wounds. Her non-judgmental approach helps her clients deal with family conflict, isolation, and loneliness.
Cathy Rupnow is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She brings valuable experience to work with trauma, all types of abuse, and healing of past and present emotional wounds. Her non-judgmental approach helps her clients deal with family conflict, isolation, and loneliness.
(952) 209-8667 View (952) 209-8667
Photo of Debra Orbuch Grayson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Debra Orbuch Grayson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
(612) 800-0847 View (612) 800-0847
Photo of Shannon Savageau Pichelman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Shannon Savageau Pichelman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Not accepting new clients
I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families, and specialize in working with kids who have experienced trauma. My practice also includes supporting young people and their caregivers with issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral concerns, gender identity and sexuality, complex family dynamics, and general adjustment to life changes.
I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families, and specialize in working with kids who have experienced trauma. My practice also includes supporting young people and their caregivers with issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral concerns, gender identity and sexuality, complex family dynamics, and general adjustment to life changes.
(952) 234-6842 x113 View (952) 234-6842 x113
Photo of Debbie Locketz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Debbie Locketz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed and nervous about events or decisions you make? Are you someone who works really hard , but still finds yourself struggling, feeling anxious about daily tasks, and often is very hard on yourself. You may not understand why you feel the way you do. You may not even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. Either way, one thing is for sure: you’re ready to make a change . You’re ready to gain deeper insight into yourself and your past experiences. Most of all, you’re ready to start creating new patterns in your life. I want to help you get there.
Do you feel overwhelmed and nervous about events or decisions you make? Are you someone who works really hard , but still finds yourself struggling, feeling anxious about daily tasks, and often is very hard on yourself. You may not understand why you feel the way you do. You may not even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. Either way, one thing is for sure: you’re ready to make a change . You’re ready to gain deeper insight into yourself and your past experiences. Most of all, you’re ready to start creating new patterns in your life. I want to help you get there.
(952) 900-3266 View (952) 900-3266
Photo of Know Thyself Healing & Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Know Thyself Healing & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LMFT, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Know Thyself Healing and Therapy believes all clients hold the key to their own success and can be guided to that end in a safe, trusting, honest environment. Building relationships and skills for growth, understanding and healing are among our goals in therapy. We connect with our own personal journeys through life’s challenges to connect with clients at a deeper level. We believe this allows us to not only empathize with our clients, but also partner with them on their specific healing journey. We believe the keys essential to reaching any goal lies within each of us believing in ourselves and knowing that someone believes in us.
Know Thyself Healing and Therapy believes all clients hold the key to their own success and can be guided to that end in a safe, trusting, honest environment. Building relationships and skills for growth, understanding and healing are among our goals in therapy. We connect with our own personal journeys through life’s challenges to connect with clients at a deeper level. We believe this allows us to not only empathize with our clients, but also partner with them on their specific healing journey. We believe the keys essential to reaching any goal lies within each of us believing in ourselves and knowing that someone believes in us.
(952) 236-4341 View (952) 236-4341
Photo of Emma G Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minnetonka, MN
Emma G Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
My work primarily focuses on adolescents, young adults, couples, premarital couples, and parent-child relationships. I have extensive experience in anxiety, depression, trauma, relational wounds, spiritual journey issues, church hurt, people in ministry, conflict resolution, family of origin issues, perinatal mental health, and exploring the impact of hormones on daily functioning.
My work primarily focuses on adolescents, young adults, couples, premarital couples, and parent-child relationships. I have extensive experience in anxiety, depression, trauma, relational wounds, spiritual journey issues, church hurt, people in ministry, conflict resolution, family of origin issues, perinatal mental health, and exploring the impact of hormones on daily functioning.
(952) 333-4421 View (952) 333-4421
Photo of Audrey Cohen, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Audrey Cohen
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I have ten years hospital based experience working with individuals with Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health issues. I am trained in educational psychology, counseling, addiction, grief and bereavement, and certified Reiki practitioner. I am a "Heal Your Life" workshop leader based on the work of internationally known author Louise Hay. I have authored and produced a guided meditation/deep relaxation CD "Peaceful Heart" and enjoy teaching these skills to support recovery based skills.
I have ten years hospital based experience working with individuals with Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health issues. I am trained in educational psychology, counseling, addiction, grief and bereavement, and certified Reiki practitioner. I am a "Heal Your Life" workshop leader based on the work of internationally known author Louise Hay. I have authored and produced a guided meditation/deep relaxation CD "Peaceful Heart" and enjoy teaching these skills to support recovery based skills.
(952) 522-2164 View (952) 522-2164
Photo of Sonder Behavioral Health & Wellness, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Sonder Behavioral Health & Wellness
Psychologist
Not Verified Not Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
We believe emotional wellness matters (a lot), and that everyone has the right to make it a priority. Unfortunately, it’s not always that simple. So many questions can get in the way. Maybe you’ve even asked them yourself: Is this normal? Can talking to someone really help me? What is therapy all about, anyway? What would people say if they knew I was going? How do I find the right therapist? Will I be comfortable there? When will I find the time? Will my insurance pay for this? If this sounds like you, you’re not alone. And we can help. To learn more, visit www.sonderwellness.com
We believe emotional wellness matters (a lot), and that everyone has the right to make it a priority. Unfortunately, it’s not always that simple. So many questions can get in the way. Maybe you’ve even asked them yourself: Is this normal? Can talking to someone really help me? What is therapy all about, anyway? What would people say if they knew I was going? How do I find the right therapist? Will I be comfortable there? When will I find the time? Will my insurance pay for this? If this sounds like you, you’re not alone. And we can help. To learn more, visit www.sonderwellness.com
(952) 260-8673 View (952) 260-8673
Photo of Perfectionism Overachiever Specialist Sarah Evert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Perfectionism Overachiever Specialist Sarah Evert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
You're thriving professionally, but do you feel like you’re never good enough? Like you’re lost trying to complete a To-Do list that never ends? You feel stuck in routines that aren’t working for you? And you think through your problems over and over but nothing changes? Sarah (she/her) enjoys working with teens & adults in the Twin Cities, specializing in work with those who identify as Perfectionists and Over-achievers. The clients I enjoy working with the most commonly face the following issues—-high stress environments, self-criticism, feel stuck, experience conflict with loved ones, and struggle to feel like they are enough.
You're thriving professionally, but do you feel like you’re never good enough? Like you’re lost trying to complete a To-Do list that never ends? You feel stuck in routines that aren’t working for you? And you think through your problems over and over but nothing changes? Sarah (she/her) enjoys working with teens & adults in the Twin Cities, specializing in work with those who identify as Perfectionists and Over-achievers. The clients I enjoy working with the most commonly face the following issues—-high stress environments, self-criticism, feel stuck, experience conflict with loved ones, and struggle to feel like they are enough.
(507) 203-2146 View (507) 203-2146
Photo of Melissa A. Raatz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Melissa A. Raatz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CHT, ART, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I believe all clients hold the key to their own success and can be guided to that end in a safe, trusting, honest environment. Building relationship and skills for growth, understanding and healing are among my goals in therapy. My personal journey through adoption, trauma, abuse, raising a child with mental health concerns, spiritual enlightenment, natural mental health, divorce, and remarriage have become the gifts I share though therapy. I believe the keys essential to reaching any goal lies within each of us believing in ourselves and knowing that someone also believes in us.
I believe all clients hold the key to their own success and can be guided to that end in a safe, trusting, honest environment. Building relationship and skills for growth, understanding and healing are among my goals in therapy. My personal journey through adoption, trauma, abuse, raising a child with mental health concerns, spiritual enlightenment, natural mental health, divorce, and remarriage have become the gifts I share though therapy. I believe the keys essential to reaching any goal lies within each of us believing in ourselves and knowing that someone also believes in us.
(763) 401-7618 View (763) 401-7618
Photo of Jennifer Bennett, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Jennifer Bennett
Psychologist, MS, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
At BrainWorks, I provide neuropsychological assessment for individuals aged 4-100. Neuropsychological assessment is helpful for determining the underlying causes of difficulties with learning, focus/attention, memory, organization, comprehension, oral communication, impulsivity, etc. Neuropsychological testing helps properly diagnose issues like Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Attention Deficit Disorders, Nonverbal Learning Disability, Asperger's Syndrome, Auditory Processing Disorder, and Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder. Neuropsychological testing also identifies learning/cognitive-related issues such as slow processing speed, memory problems, language processing delays, executive dysfunction, and intellectual giftedness.
At BrainWorks, I provide neuropsychological assessment for individuals aged 4-100. Neuropsychological assessment is helpful for determining the underlying causes of difficulties with learning, focus/attention, memory, organization, comprehension, oral communication, impulsivity, etc. Neuropsychological testing helps properly diagnose issues like Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Attention Deficit Disorders, Nonverbal Learning Disability, Asperger's Syndrome, Auditory Processing Disorder, and Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder. Neuropsychological testing also identifies learning/cognitive-related issues such as slow processing speed, memory problems, language processing delays, executive dysfunction, and intellectual giftedness.
(952) 314-6216 View (952) 314-6216
Photo of Mary L Hendrickson, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Mary L Hendrickson
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Reaching out for help can be a difficult step. Finding a good fit with a therapist is important. My therapuetic style is to provide you a empathic, respectful and confidential relationship where you feel listened to and understood. I specifically work with adults in my private practice. I treat many symptoms, but most frequently depression and anxiety. As a Doctoral Clinical Psychologist with years of clinical training and experience, I can offer you a relationship where we can work together to understand you and assist you with your therapeutic goals.
Reaching out for help can be a difficult step. Finding a good fit with a therapist is important. My therapuetic style is to provide you a empathic, respectful and confidential relationship where you feel listened to and understood. I specifically work with adults in my private practice. I treat many symptoms, but most frequently depression and anxiety. As a Doctoral Clinical Psychologist with years of clinical training and experience, I can offer you a relationship where we can work together to understand you and assist you with your therapeutic goals.
(952) 314-5601 View (952) 314-5601
Photo of Anna Schupp, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Anna Schupp
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Are you contemplating therapy? Asking yourself if you really need it? The decision to participate in therapy is very personal and rarely straightforward. The majority of clients I work with are competent, well-functioning individuals who are struggling in some way or are feeling dissatisfied, unhappy, or stuck. Whether it's regarding a past experience, your everyday life, your relationship, fears about the future, or something more devastating or extraordinary, therapy can help.
Are you contemplating therapy? Asking yourself if you really need it? The decision to participate in therapy is very personal and rarely straightforward. The majority of clients I work with are competent, well-functioning individuals who are struggling in some way or are feeling dissatisfied, unhappy, or stuck. Whether it's regarding a past experience, your everyday life, your relationship, fears about the future, or something more devastating or extraordinary, therapy can help.
(651) 433-6573 View (651) 433-6573
Photo of Heidi Strohmaier, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Heidi Strohmaier
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Stress & Anxiety Therapy. Do you struggle to relax, sleep, or lead a healthy lifestyle? I help busy professionals navigate competing life stressors, improving their ability to manage stress, anxiety, and health problems like insomnia and obesity. Applying evidence-based strategies to each client's unique strengths, beliefs, and background, I help people achieve greater balance and wellness. My thoughtful, compassionate, and solution-oriented approach helps clients progress toward their goals and move forward more effectively in life.
Stress & Anxiety Therapy. Do you struggle to relax, sleep, or lead a healthy lifestyle? I help busy professionals navigate competing life stressors, improving their ability to manage stress, anxiety, and health problems like insomnia and obesity. Applying evidence-based strategies to each client's unique strengths, beliefs, and background, I help people achieve greater balance and wellness. My thoughtful, compassionate, and solution-oriented approach helps clients progress toward their goals and move forward more effectively in life.
(612) 509-8265 View (612) 509-8265
Photo of Talia Singer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Talia Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I deeply understand there is no quick fix around grief and anguish; to re-emerge whole again we must be in a safe space, supported and validated. Through empowering you to share your story, make meaning out of your experiences and tend to your grief, I am here to guide the understanding that it's possible to grieve and be grateful at the same time. My approach to therapy is centered around creating a safe, supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings, gain insight into their behaviors, and learn new strategies for coping with stress and difficulties.
I deeply understand there is no quick fix around grief and anguish; to re-emerge whole again we must be in a safe space, supported and validated. Through empowering you to share your story, make meaning out of your experiences and tend to your grief, I am here to guide the understanding that it's possible to grieve and be grateful at the same time. My approach to therapy is centered around creating a safe, supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings, gain insight into their behaviors, and learn new strategies for coping with stress and difficulties.
(952) 900-7469 View (952) 900-7469

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Minnetonka, MN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Minnetonka, MN see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minnetonka?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.