Therapists in Tempe, AZ

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Photo of Sandra A Tursini, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Sandra A Tursini
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Private Practice, with over 30 years of experience in individual, family, marital, divorce, blended family, child and adolescent counseling, and veteran's issues. During that time, I have developed an understanding of human nature that guides me down the path to best help each individual. I believe that no one gets through life without some adversity and difficulty. I strive to treat each person as a unique individual and reinforce their worth and dignity. My clients range in ages from 2 through adult, including the geriatric group.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Private Practice, with over 30 years of experience in individual, family, marital, divorce, blended family, child and adolescent counseling, and veteran's issues. During that time, I have developed an understanding of human nature that guides me down the path to best help each individual. I believe that no one gets through life without some adversity and difficulty. I strive to treat each person as a unique individual and reinforce their worth and dignity. My clients range in ages from 2 through adult, including the geriatric group.
(480) 508-9447 View (480) 508-9447
Photo of Oak Tree Behavioral Health Solutions, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Oak Tree Behavioral Health Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
Terolyn empowers clients who are stressed, depressed, worried, and traumatized learn to feel more relaxed through the use of a combination of approaches that include empathetic listening. Terolyn provides clients with real world tools to manage life outside of therapy. Terolyn enjoys working with clients on setting boundaries, life transitions, self-confidence, work/life balance, and changing the course of future generations. Therapy can be the push that we need to elevate to the next level in our lives financially, mentally and spiritually.
Terolyn empowers clients who are stressed, depressed, worried, and traumatized learn to feel more relaxed through the use of a combination of approaches that include empathetic listening. Terolyn provides clients with real world tools to manage life outside of therapy. Terolyn enjoys working with clients on setting boundaries, life transitions, self-confidence, work/life balance, and changing the course of future generations. Therapy can be the push that we need to elevate to the next level in our lives financially, mentally and spiritually.
(520) 277-0395 View (520) 277-0395
Photo of Behavioral Science Consultating LLC, Psychologist in Tempe, AZ
Behavioral Science Consultating LLC
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
30 years of experience providing psychological consultation and evaluation services. Consultation services include forensics, suicide death, suicide autopsy, Subject Matter Expert (SME) in fields of suicidology, violence, and trauma. Certified to conduct suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention training. Evaluation and testing services include forensic evaluations, fitness for duty, security evaluations, disability, personal injury, intellectual, achievement, cognitive, and personality assessments.
30 years of experience providing psychological consultation and evaluation services. Consultation services include forensics, suicide death, suicide autopsy, Subject Matter Expert (SME) in fields of suicidology, violence, and trauma. Certified to conduct suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention training. Evaluation and testing services include forensic evaluations, fitness for duty, security evaluations, disability, personal injury, intellectual, achievement, cognitive, and personality assessments.
(480) 448-1150 View (480) 448-1150
Photo of Yasmin Kazemi, Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Yasmin Kazemi
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
One crucial part of the therapeutic process is having a strong connection. My focus is to provide a calming, safe, and comfortable environment for my clients to feel understood and not judged, to explore more about themselves throughout their therapeutic journey. Everyone has their own unique story and I strive to help you heal and allow for you to share your story the way YOU want to. I hope to offer the comfortability in being able to work towards your goals and enhancing the quality of life for yourself. I have experience working with adults, with a trauma focused and informed approach, targeting depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
One crucial part of the therapeutic process is having a strong connection. My focus is to provide a calming, safe, and comfortable environment for my clients to feel understood and not judged, to explore more about themselves throughout their therapeutic journey. Everyone has their own unique story and I strive to help you heal and allow for you to share your story the way YOU want to. I hope to offer the comfortability in being able to work towards your goals and enhancing the quality of life for yourself. I have experience working with adults, with a trauma focused and informed approach, targeting depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
(480) 908-9538 x1 View (480) 908-9538 x1
Photo of Mindful Therapy Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Mindful Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85288
Mindful Therapy Group is a diverse group of over 1,200 independent mental health practitioners serving Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of Mindful Therapy Group is a separate, independent business. Mindful Therapy Group offers member providers support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more. These services allow providers to focus on providing the best care to their clients.
Mindful Therapy Group is a diverse group of over 1,200 independent mental health practitioners serving Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of Mindful Therapy Group is a separate, independent business. Mindful Therapy Group offers member providers support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more. These services allow providers to focus on providing the best care to their clients.
(623) 294-8368 View (623) 294-8368
Photo of Tranquil Horizons Therapy, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Tranquil Horizons Therapy, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85288
I am dedicated to helping clients uncover the root causes of their life challenges and empowering them to set goals and take action to overcome these obstacles. My aim is to offer transformative advice that supports clients in conquering difficult life situations, collaborating in assessment, and staying committed to their treatment.
I am dedicated to helping clients uncover the root causes of their life challenges and empowering them to set goals and take action to overcome these obstacles. My aim is to offer transformative advice that supports clients in conquering difficult life situations, collaborating in assessment, and staying committed to their treatment.
(623) 920-0934 View (623) 920-0934
Photo of Bobbi Chagolla, Licensed Master Social Worker in Tempe, AZ
Bobbi Chagolla
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85282
In my journey as a therapist, I have witnessed the profound impact that trauma can have on one's life, and I am dedicated to guiding my clients through the process of healing and growth. My professional experience includes working with diverse populations of all ages struggling with addiction, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and self-regulation. In my work I have witnessed the resilience and strength within each individual. I am particularly passionate about working with populations who have experienced foster care, eating disorders, and survivors of sexual abuse.
In my journey as a therapist, I have witnessed the profound impact that trauma can have on one's life, and I am dedicated to guiding my clients through the process of healing and growth. My professional experience includes working with diverse populations of all ages struggling with addiction, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and self-regulation. In my work I have witnessed the resilience and strength within each individual. I am particularly passionate about working with populations who have experienced foster care, eating disorders, and survivors of sexual abuse.
(480) 605-5074 x715 View (480) 605-5074 x715
Photo of Annia Salas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Annia Salas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85282  (Online Only)
I usually work with teens, adults, and elders on various topics. I provide private pay telehealth services only at this time. I am also an EMDRIA consultant-in-training and can help you achieve EMDRIA certification. Hablo Espanol. Si estas buscando terapia en Espanol, Espanol es mi segunda idioma y estoy dispuesta a proveer servicios en Espanol or bilingues. Spanish is my second language and I am willing to provide bilingual or Spanish language sessions.
I usually work with teens, adults, and elders on various topics. I provide private pay telehealth services only at this time. I am also an EMDRIA consultant-in-training and can help you achieve EMDRIA certification. Hablo Espanol. Si estas buscando terapia en Espanol, Espanol es mi segunda idioma y estoy dispuesta a proveer servicios en Espanol or bilingues. Spanish is my second language and I am willing to provide bilingual or Spanish language sessions.
(928) 220-8550 View (928) 220-8550
Photo of Ryan Norton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Ryan Norton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85284
Time is the most powerful force in the world. It can change your feelings, finances, friends, and even family. Whether change blindsides you or you’re forced to watch as it all unravels, you’re likely to be left with two more F words: Fear and Frustration. Overwhelming emotions, unanswerable questions, and the loss control can make it impossible to find solid ground on your own. That’s where I come in. I’m a calming presence, your port in the storm. I will work to help you settle things down and to regain a sense of control. If we work together you will get a therapist who is comfortable, sincere, and willing to go the extra mile.
Time is the most powerful force in the world. It can change your feelings, finances, friends, and even family. Whether change blindsides you or you’re forced to watch as it all unravels, you’re likely to be left with two more F words: Fear and Frustration. Overwhelming emotions, unanswerable questions, and the loss control can make it impossible to find solid ground on your own. That’s where I come in. I’m a calming presence, your port in the storm. I will work to help you settle things down and to regain a sense of control. If we work together you will get a therapist who is comfortable, sincere, and willing to go the extra mile.
(480) 933-4391 View (480) 933-4391
Photo of Carlos Garcia - Arukah Healthcare, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Carlos Garcia - Arukah Healthcare, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85288  (Online Only)
Do you feel distant from others and yourself? Do you put yourself last? Should life become better? Happier? People are more anxious, overwhelmed, and confused about maintaining relationships, jobs, and lifestyles than ever. Not taking the time and ignoring your needs can lead to long-term health problems. Healthy living shouldn't be hard. I empower clients to use cultural and spiritual resources for growth, support, and healing in my holistic treatment. I invite clients to explore unique and shared cultural values to enrich and enhance life and create hope for future wellness.
Do you feel distant from others and yourself? Do you put yourself last? Should life become better? Happier? People are more anxious, overwhelmed, and confused about maintaining relationships, jobs, and lifestyles than ever. Not taking the time and ignoring your needs can lead to long-term health problems. Healthy living shouldn't be hard. I empower clients to use cultural and spiritual resources for growth, support, and healing in my holistic treatment. I invite clients to explore unique and shared cultural values to enrich and enhance life and create hope for future wellness.
(623) 343-0483 View (623) 343-0483
Photo of Keri Sipek, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Tempe, AZ
Keri Sipek
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85284
Now offering daytime & evening appointments. Reaching out for help can be difficult & takes courage. I’m here to offer a safe space & provide support while you explore your issues. From there, you can begin to heal & create positive change in your life & relationships. My experience includes working with couples, & individual adults who have struggled with infidelity, relationship strain, sexual issues, parenting, depression, anxiety, & more. In addition, I work with women & couples struggling with infertility, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, traumatic birth recovery, & adjustment to parenthood.
Now offering daytime & evening appointments. Reaching out for help can be difficult & takes courage. I’m here to offer a safe space & provide support while you explore your issues. From there, you can begin to heal & create positive change in your life & relationships. My experience includes working with couples, & individual adults who have struggled with infidelity, relationship strain, sexual issues, parenting, depression, anxiety, & more. In addition, I work with women & couples struggling with infertility, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, traumatic birth recovery, & adjustment to parenthood.
(520) 346-3402 View (520) 346-3402
Photo of Jennifer Hicks, Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Jennifer Hicks
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
Hello! I have worked extensively in the behavioral health field for over ten years and have a passion for serving this community. I have worked with a range of populations varying from adults with serious mental illness to general mental health counseling with adults, children, couples, and families. I have experience treating issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, as well as a wide variety of other mental health issues. I want to continue working with diverse populations to better support our marginalized groups to ensure culturally competent care for BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
Hello! I have worked extensively in the behavioral health field for over ten years and have a passion for serving this community. I have worked with a range of populations varying from adults with serious mental illness to general mental health counseling with adults, children, couples, and families. I have experience treating issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, as well as a wide variety of other mental health issues. I want to continue working with diverse populations to better support our marginalized groups to ensure culturally competent care for BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
(480) 690-3044 View (480) 690-3044
Photo of Stephanie Otte, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Stephanie Otte
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85283
I strive to provide a safe atmosphere that honors and validates all walks of life. I particularly enjoy working with young adults, LGBTQ+ individuals & couples, and early-career helping professionals (e.g. mental health or medical professionals, community or non-profit workers, teachers, ministry leaders, etc.).
I strive to provide a safe atmosphere that honors and validates all walks of life. I particularly enjoy working with young adults, LGBTQ+ individuals & couples, and early-career helping professionals (e.g. mental health or medical professionals, community or non-profit workers, teachers, ministry leaders, etc.).
(602) 833-5087 x22 View (602) 833-5087 x22
Photo of Bonnie Beebe, Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Bonnie Beebe
Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85282
Be Well now accepting new clients, weekend & evenings available. Be Well specializes in trauma and PTSD. We are EMDR trained. We are trained in DBT and Mindfulness based therapies. We've treated various circumstances including life transitions, trauma/PTSD, depression, grief & loss, multicultural concerns, spirituality and existential concerns, & personality disorders. We have experience with issues related to donor-assisted reproduction/donor conception and donor families. We provide a safe and supportive environment, collaborating with you to reach customized goals to help you reclaim your personal power to be well and live well.
Be Well now accepting new clients, weekend & evenings available. Be Well specializes in trauma and PTSD. We are EMDR trained. We are trained in DBT and Mindfulness based therapies. We've treated various circumstances including life transitions, trauma/PTSD, depression, grief & loss, multicultural concerns, spirituality and existential concerns, & personality disorders. We have experience with issues related to donor-assisted reproduction/donor conception and donor families. We provide a safe and supportive environment, collaborating with you to reach customized goals to help you reclaim your personal power to be well and live well.
(480) 428-2797 View (480) 428-2797
Photo of Trimley Therapeutic Services PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Trimley Therapeutic Services PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
Now scheduling new client's for walk and talk therapy, in office, and virtual. Life is dynamic and at any point, having the support of an individual with an outside, neutral, perspective can be helpful. I like to joke that friends are great for venting to for about 15 minutes, and then their eyes may glaze over and they kind of want their turn to vent (or change the subject); with therapy you get almost an hour of identifying problems, but also solutions in a warm, supportive (evidence-based) environment.
Now scheduling new client's for walk and talk therapy, in office, and virtual. Life is dynamic and at any point, having the support of an individual with an outside, neutral, perspective can be helpful. I like to joke that friends are great for venting to for about 15 minutes, and then their eyes may glaze over and they kind of want their turn to vent (or change the subject); with therapy you get almost an hour of identifying problems, but also solutions in a warm, supportive (evidence-based) environment.
(602) 704-5274 View (602) 704-5274
Photo of Crista Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tempe, AZ
Crista Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85282
Waitlist for new clients
As a queer, person of color, I believe in creating a non-judgmental and culturally sensitive space to assist clients in creating a life that they love. Due to the pandemic, many of us have had more time for reflection than we might have had in the past. Maybe this time of reflection has caused you to question your identity, gender or sexuality. Exploring and integrating your gender or sexuality can feel overwhelming, especially in a world that can be hostile to LGBT/Queer people, but you do not have to do it alone. Seeking help takes courage. You are courageous.
As a queer, person of color, I believe in creating a non-judgmental and culturally sensitive space to assist clients in creating a life that they love. Due to the pandemic, many of us have had more time for reflection than we might have had in the past. Maybe this time of reflection has caused you to question your identity, gender or sexuality. Exploring and integrating your gender or sexuality can feel overwhelming, especially in a world that can be hostile to LGBT/Queer people, but you do not have to do it alone. Seeking help takes courage. You are courageous.
(480) 933-2568 View (480) 933-2568
Photo of Veronica Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Veronica Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85284  (Online Only)
I believe "you are what you always needed". My goal is to hold space for clients to examine underlying reasons for anxiety or depression. I guide clients in addressing their unmet needs, tap into their inner wisdom, and to learn adaptive skills. I encourage clients to identify how self-love and authenticity shows up in their decision-making and how it contributes to emotional relief.
I believe "you are what you always needed". My goal is to hold space for clients to examine underlying reasons for anxiety or depression. I guide clients in addressing their unmet needs, tap into their inner wisdom, and to learn adaptive skills. I encourage clients to identify how self-love and authenticity shows up in their decision-making and how it contributes to emotional relief.
View
Photo of Teresa Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Tempe, AZ
Teresa Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MEd, MSMFT, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tempe, AZ 85283
Life can bring both joy and pain. Sometimes the challenges we experience can feel overwhelming making it hard to find hope. Showing up and doing the vulnerable work towards healing is courageous. I have had the privilege of working with children and families in the field of education for 15 years. It was during my career as an educator I realized my passion to come alongside people facing difficulties that life can bring. It is my desire to walk with others through their pain towards healing and hope.
Life can bring both joy and pain. Sometimes the challenges we experience can feel overwhelming making it hard to find hope. Showing up and doing the vulnerable work towards healing is courageous. I have had the privilege of working with children and families in the field of education for 15 years. It was during my career as an educator I realized my passion to come alongside people facing difficulties that life can bring. It is my desire to walk with others through their pain towards healing and hope.
(520) 523-2923 x28 View (520) 523-2923 x28
Photo of Meggan Sullivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Meggan Sullivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85284  (Online Only)
Do you want more out of your life? Are you ready to explore the various possibilities so you can experience and live the best version of yourself? Whether you are new or returning to therapy, I commit to supporting and encouraging your holistic change and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over15 years experience in various clinical settings. As we work together you will experience a supportive, nurturing, non-judgmental environment.
Do you want more out of your life? Are you ready to explore the various possibilities so you can experience and live the best version of yourself? Whether you are new or returning to therapy, I commit to supporting and encouraging your holistic change and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over15 years experience in various clinical settings. As we work together you will experience a supportive, nurturing, non-judgmental environment.
(520) 492-0297 View (520) 492-0297
Photo of Ryan Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tempe, AZ
Ryan Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Tempe, AZ 85282
As a counselor with over a decade of dedicated experience, I'm here to be your companion through these challenging times. My goal is to guide you through processing past experiences, embracing the present, and shaping a more hopeful future. I've had the privilege of working extensively with diverse individuals, spanning adolescents, adults, and couples facing a variety of hurdles. Whether it's adolescents coping with the pressures of growing up, adults dealing with life transitions, or couples navigating relationship challenges, I'm here to offer my support.
As a counselor with over a decade of dedicated experience, I'm here to be your companion through these challenging times. My goal is to guide you through processing past experiences, embracing the present, and shaping a more hopeful future. I've had the privilege of working extensively with diverse individuals, spanning adolescents, adults, and couples facing a variety of hurdles. Whether it's adolescents coping with the pressures of growing up, adults dealing with life transitions, or couples navigating relationship challenges, I'm here to offer my support.
(602) 962-2332 View (602) 962-2332

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tempe, AZ

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Tempe, AZ who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Self Esteem
77% Trauma and PTSD
76% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Tempe, AZ see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tempe?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.