Therapists in Columbus, OH

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Photo of Shayla Krecklow, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Shayla Krecklow
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43230  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can have a variety of challenges that can make us feel stuck. Whether it is current stressors or past events, sometimes we need help. I work with many concerns including depression, anxiety, dissociation, trauma, life transitions including entering or exiting college and grad school, and relationships. I believe my role is to offer exploration through tools, curiosity and support to move towards healing. I worked as trauma focused counselor, including supporting survivors of sexual assault and adult survivors of childhood trauma. I have a passion for working with queer folks, nonbinary folks, and trans individuals.
Life can have a variety of challenges that can make us feel stuck. Whether it is current stressors or past events, sometimes we need help. I work with many concerns including depression, anxiety, dissociation, trauma, life transitions including entering or exiting college and grad school, and relationships. I believe my role is to offer exploration through tools, curiosity and support to move towards healing. I worked as trauma focused counselor, including supporting survivors of sexual assault and adult survivors of childhood trauma. I have a passion for working with queer folks, nonbinary folks, and trans individuals.
(614) 418-6088 View (614) 418-6088
Photo of Wendy M BeMiller, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Wendy M BeMiller
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
Waitlist for new clients
Making the decision to talk to someone about things that you may be struggling with is a huge, positive step! As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor for 23 years, I take pride in my ability to engage with clients and join with them in their journey to conquer whatever challenges they may be struggling with. I can help you explore your feelings and we will work together to learn new coping skills, positive ways to adapt, and manage stressors that are normal part of our ever-changing lives. I look forward to working with you through your journey!
Making the decision to talk to someone about things that you may be struggling with is a huge, positive step! As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor for 23 years, I take pride in my ability to engage with clients and join with them in their journey to conquer whatever challenges they may be struggling with. I can help you explore your feelings and we will work together to learn new coping skills, positive ways to adapt, and manage stressors that are normal part of our ever-changing lives. I look forward to working with you through your journey!
(440) 987-1996 View (440) 987-1996
Photo of Courtney Winger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Courtney Winger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43206
Do you feel like your emotions are in the driver’s seat? Are you finding yourself falling into the same unhealthy habits or relationship patterns? Are you feeling burdened by the pain of your past? These are some of the most common concerns I hear when someone is in search of therapy. My goal is to help people find balance and create a life worth living. I strive to build a trusting relationship with my clients so that they can successfully achieve the goals most personal to them. I want my clients to feel safe and supported, while also encouraged to grow.
Do you feel like your emotions are in the driver’s seat? Are you finding yourself falling into the same unhealthy habits or relationship patterns? Are you feeling burdened by the pain of your past? These are some of the most common concerns I hear when someone is in search of therapy. My goal is to help people find balance and create a life worth living. I strive to build a trusting relationship with my clients so that they can successfully achieve the goals most personal to them. I want my clients to feel safe and supported, while also encouraged to grow.
(380) 207-9636 View (380) 207-9636
Photo of Jayne Speicher Bocija, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Jayne Speicher Bocija
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235
I am experienced in working with late teens, young adults, couples, and families who are dealing with anxiety, depression, neurodiversity concerns, and relationship problems. Therapy can help you better understand yourself and others, make changes, feel better, and move forward to a more satisfying life.
I am experienced in working with late teens, young adults, couples, and families who are dealing with anxiety, depression, neurodiversity concerns, and relationship problems. Therapy can help you better understand yourself and others, make changes, feel better, and move forward to a more satisfying life.
(740) 208-4432 x773 View (740) 208-4432 x773
Photo of Brock Schludecker, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Brock Schludecker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214
I believe that each individual is both the text and the author, and work with clients to make meaning and find fulfillment in a world that is often unpredictable. I consider reflection and revision of earlier chapters, as well as intentional focus on the present moment to be key components in the process of taking ownership of one’s experience. Some of my areas of professional interests include identity (particularly surrounding issues of gender), guilt and shame, drug and alcohol use. I am also interested in healthy relationships, trauma and the social determinants of mental health.
I believe that each individual is both the text and the author, and work with clients to make meaning and find fulfillment in a world that is often unpredictable. I consider reflection and revision of earlier chapters, as well as intentional focus on the present moment to be key components in the process of taking ownership of one’s experience. Some of my areas of professional interests include identity (particularly surrounding issues of gender), guilt and shame, drug and alcohol use. I am also interested in healthy relationships, trauma and the social determinants of mental health.
(614) 858-3527 View (614) 858-3527
Photo of Paul Lichtinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Paul Lichtinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43230
I enjoy working with others who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and other life issues. These "other life issues" can be widespread and varied including relationship struggles, need for life changes, and desire for self-actualization.
I enjoy working with others who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and other life issues. These "other life issues" can be widespread and varied including relationship struggles, need for life changes, and desire for self-actualization.
(614) 587-7897 View (614) 587-7897
Photo of Crystal Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Crystal Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
My name is Crystal Cooper and I am a Child, Youth and Family Therapist. I am licensed as a LMSW in the state of Texas and a LISW and CDCA in the state of Ohio. I obtained my Bachelors of Arts in Psychology at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio and I then went on to obtained my Masters of Social Work at Cleveland State University in Cleveland, Ohio. I specialize in working with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Disorder, Oppositional Deviant Disorder, school concerns, aggressive behavioral issues, and emotional regulation.
My name is Crystal Cooper and I am a Child, Youth and Family Therapist. I am licensed as a LMSW in the state of Texas and a LISW and CDCA in the state of Ohio. I obtained my Bachelors of Arts in Psychology at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio and I then went on to obtained my Masters of Social Work at Cleveland State University in Cleveland, Ohio. I specialize in working with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Disorder, Oppositional Deviant Disorder, school concerns, aggressive behavioral issues, and emotional regulation.
(380) 214-2782 View (380) 214-2782
Photo of PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, NCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43206  (Online Only)
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC is a psychological private practice offering therapeutic and consultative services to those in need of “Realizing Your True Essence.” While there is no right way to be or live, there is a best way to live for you. I take a holistic approach to therapy that will meet you at whatever place you are in your journey and aid you in becoming your best self. I support clients across backgrounds and identities in their desire to find meaning, clarity, and hope by means of supportive and reflective therapeutic practice and training.
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC is a psychological private practice offering therapeutic and consultative services to those in need of “Realizing Your True Essence.” While there is no right way to be or live, there is a best way to live for you. I take a holistic approach to therapy that will meet you at whatever place you are in your journey and aid you in becoming your best self. I support clients across backgrounds and identities in their desire to find meaning, clarity, and hope by means of supportive and reflective therapeutic practice and training.
(614) 654-0915 View (614) 654-0915
Photo of Shantel Jackson, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Shantel Jackson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
I am a trauma informed therapist and specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am EMDR trained and utilize DBT, CBT, person centered, and Attachment Therapeutic approaches to help manage mental health needs.
I am a trauma informed therapist and specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am EMDR trained and utilize DBT, CBT, person centered, and Attachment Therapeutic approaches to help manage mental health needs.
(380) 207-1832 View (380) 207-1832
Photo of Kelsie A Salmen, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Kelsie A Salmen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Dr. Salmen's approach to therapy is one that places great value on the therapeutic relationship. When a strong and trusting working relationship is built, clients are able to feel safe to express themselves, share their fears, celebrate their successes, and set important and attainable goals. Dr. Salmen's therapeutic style is a blend of techniques, which can be tailored to fit each client's unique needs. These techniques include psychodynamic psychotherapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and interpersonal and relational approaches.
Dr. Salmen's approach to therapy is one that places great value on the therapeutic relationship. When a strong and trusting working relationship is built, clients are able to feel safe to express themselves, share their fears, celebrate their successes, and set important and attainable goals. Dr. Salmen's therapeutic style is a blend of techniques, which can be tailored to fit each client's unique needs. These techniques include psychodynamic psychotherapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and interpersonal and relational approaches.
(614) 930-6249 View (614) 930-6249
Photo of Robert Padberg, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Robert Padberg
Psychologist, PhD, DMin
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43221
My special niche in the Columbus area is helping people integrate or better manage their patterns of thinking,believing,feeling,and acting. I have two doctorates,one in clinical psychology and one in pastoral counseling, with over 35 years of experience working with individuals and couples. I love what I do.
My special niche in the Columbus area is helping people integrate or better manage their patterns of thinking,believing,feeling,and acting. I have two doctorates,one in clinical psychology and one in pastoral counseling, with over 35 years of experience working with individuals and couples. I love what I do.
(614) 434-8965 View (614) 434-8965
Photo of Mirranda O'Neil, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Mirranda O'Neil
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212
In my time as a counselor, I have cultivated a knack for working with adolescents and young adults, and a passion for educating others about healthy relationships. I have the skills and experience to help those currently struggling with issues such as depression and anxiety, difficult life transitions, and traumatic experiences, among others. I am EMDR-trained and utilize a culturally sensitive, trauma-focused approach in my sessions. I approach my work with the understanding that you are a person before you are my client. This means I aim to tailor sessions to your individual needs, and firmly believe you are the expert on you.
In my time as a counselor, I have cultivated a knack for working with adolescents and young adults, and a passion for educating others about healthy relationships. I have the skills and experience to help those currently struggling with issues such as depression and anxiety, difficult life transitions, and traumatic experiences, among others. I am EMDR-trained and utilize a culturally sensitive, trauma-focused approach in my sessions. I approach my work with the understanding that you are a person before you are my client. This means I aim to tailor sessions to your individual needs, and firmly believe you are the expert on you.
(614) 515-5089 View (614) 515-5089
Photo of Annie Alesandrini, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Annie Alesandrini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT-S, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214  (Online Only)
We may be a good fit if you struggle with relationship challenges, family of origin, people pleasing, a biting inner critic, self-worth, anxiety, life transitions, or mood management. I work with adult individuals, most of whom are women and/or LGBTQIA+ folx. My therapy style is informed by Internal Family Systems (level one trained), Attachment Theory, Emotionally Focused Therapy (externship trained), and best practices in trauma treatment. Through gentle curiosity and candor, I help untangle harmful patterns, and strengthen habits based on your values.
We may be a good fit if you struggle with relationship challenges, family of origin, people pleasing, a biting inner critic, self-worth, anxiety, life transitions, or mood management. I work with adult individuals, most of whom are women and/or LGBTQIA+ folx. My therapy style is informed by Internal Family Systems (level one trained), Attachment Theory, Emotionally Focused Therapy (externship trained), and best practices in trauma treatment. Through gentle curiosity and candor, I help untangle harmful patterns, and strengthen habits based on your values.
(614) 482-2654 View (614) 482-2654
Photo of Darby Ivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Darby Ivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43240
I am a passionate therapist dedicated to building strong bonds with clients based on trust, communication, and collaboration. My goal is to help clients embrace their authentic selves by confronting negative self-talk & channeling their inherent strengths. I find joy in helping clients find practical solutions for life's challenges, witnessing their personal growth, and supporting their journey of self-discovery. I earned my bachelor's & master's degrees in social work from The Ohio State University and gained invaluable experience including in a long-term residential treatment center for those struggling with substance abuse.
I am a passionate therapist dedicated to building strong bonds with clients based on trust, communication, and collaboration. My goal is to help clients embrace their authentic selves by confronting negative self-talk & channeling their inherent strengths. I find joy in helping clients find practical solutions for life's challenges, witnessing their personal growth, and supporting their journey of self-discovery. I earned my bachelor's & master's degrees in social work from The Ohio State University and gained invaluable experience including in a long-term residential treatment center for those struggling with substance abuse.
(380) 221-8614 View (380) 221-8614
Photo of Katie Wine-Appleton, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Katie Wine-Appleton
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
Not accepting new clients
Licensed in OHIO and ARIZONA! Do you struggle with that little voice in your head that says "You're not good enough" or "You are guaranteed to fail so why try"? Do you feel torn between parts of you that say "Go, go, go! So much to get done" and a part that says "I can't handle this. I'm so overwhelmed"? In Internal Family Systems Therapy, we don't try to control or make these thoughts go away, we help you get into a relationship with those parts of yourself. In IFS we believe that everyone has a Self- an inner wisdom that embodies calm, clarity, compassion, creativity, connectedness, courage, confidence, and curiousity.
Licensed in OHIO and ARIZONA! Do you struggle with that little voice in your head that says "You're not good enough" or "You are guaranteed to fail so why try"? Do you feel torn between parts of you that say "Go, go, go! So much to get done" and a part that says "I can't handle this. I'm so overwhelmed"? In Internal Family Systems Therapy, we don't try to control or make these thoughts go away, we help you get into a relationship with those parts of yourself. In IFS we believe that everyone has a Self- an inner wisdom that embodies calm, clarity, compassion, creativity, connectedness, courage, confidence, and curiousity.
(614) 472-8365 View (614) 472-8365
Photo of Jessica Ketner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Jessica Ketner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43085
I provide psychotherapy for couples, families, individual adults, adolescents and children. I collaborate with my clients, from an integrative client-centered approach, to treat a variety of mental, emotional and relational issues. I value the strengths that my clients bring with them to the therapy room and guide them to build on those attributes to create change in their lives. I work with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, OCD, body image, infidelity, marital distress, grief and loss, challenging life transitions and other issues.
I provide psychotherapy for couples, families, individual adults, adolescents and children. I collaborate with my clients, from an integrative client-centered approach, to treat a variety of mental, emotional and relational issues. I value the strengths that my clients bring with them to the therapy room and guide them to build on those attributes to create change in their lives. I work with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, OCD, body image, infidelity, marital distress, grief and loss, challenging life transitions and other issues.
(614) 524-5588 View (614) 524-5588
Photo of Natalie M Clark, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Natalie M Clark
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220
Though there ARE trials along the way, I would like to work with you to find the path THROUGH your challenges with hope and encouragement. Life brings challenges. Challenges often bring struggles. And struggles can present a need for some objective assistance to find a place where you can live well. Solutions can be discovered to press through difficult seasons to enjoy a life worth living! I specialize in working with people to find solutions to challenging emotions, relationships with family and friends and difficult life events toward achieving a healthy school or work/life balance.
Though there ARE trials along the way, I would like to work with you to find the path THROUGH your challenges with hope and encouragement. Life brings challenges. Challenges often bring struggles. And struggles can present a need for some objective assistance to find a place where you can live well. Solutions can be discovered to press through difficult seasons to enjoy a life worth living! I specialize in working with people to find solutions to challenging emotions, relationships with family and friends and difficult life events toward achieving a healthy school or work/life balance.
(614) 987-4655 View (614) 987-4655
Photo of Christina Layfield, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Christina Layfield
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215  (Online Only)
Hello, here is a little about me: I have been married for 11 years now and I have 2 children. I live in a small town in NE Ohio. I live a pretty quiet and relaxed life. I like to keep things simple and minimal. I love nature and animals. I have many pets at home including a dog, 2 cats and 3 rabbits. I enjoy spending time with my family and traveling. I went to college and pursued a master's degree in professional counseling at Liberty University. I am a huge believer in self-care- we have to care for ourselves in order to help others and be our best self.
Hello, here is a little about me: I have been married for 11 years now and I have 2 children. I live in a small town in NE Ohio. I live a pretty quiet and relaxed life. I like to keep things simple and minimal. I love nature and animals. I have many pets at home including a dog, 2 cats and 3 rabbits. I enjoy spending time with my family and traveling. I went to college and pursued a master's degree in professional counseling at Liberty University. I am a huge believer in self-care- we have to care for ourselves in order to help others and be our best self.
(380) 204-5618 View (380) 204-5618
Photo of Adam Wills, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Adam Wills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43203
Waitlist for new clients
I’m committed to providing my full attention and support in helping people work toward positive changes that align with their own values and goals. I work with adults and adolescents, and I take an eclectic and holistic approach to help with concerns that may include mental health, stress, trauma, grief, addiction, relationships, or adjusting to life changes. This may be a matter of short-term counseling to strengthen coping skills or overcome a specific challenge, or more in-depth therapy to better understand and resolve deeper patterns and issues.
I’m committed to providing my full attention and support in helping people work toward positive changes that align with their own values and goals. I work with adults and adolescents, and I take an eclectic and holistic approach to help with concerns that may include mental health, stress, trauma, grief, addiction, relationships, or adjusting to life changes. This may be a matter of short-term counseling to strengthen coping skills or overcome a specific challenge, or more in-depth therapy to better understand and resolve deeper patterns and issues.
(614) 321-9128 View (614) 321-9128
Photo of Taylor Shear, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Taylor Shear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Taylor and I am licensed in Ohio with 10+ years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping individuals with trauma and abuse. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process. I look forward in connecting with you.
Hello! My name is Taylor and I am licensed in Ohio with 10+ years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping individuals with trauma and abuse. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process. I look forward in connecting with you.
(380) 212-3598 View (380) 212-3598

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbus, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbus, OH see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.