Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of John Joseph Pavco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
John Joseph Pavco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20010
You may be feeling down or lonely. Your relationship may not be as healthy as you would like. You may be having trouble sleeping. You may be experiencing anxiety. You may even be having trouble doing work tasks or completing day to day chores. You do not have to go through this alone. I am John Pavco, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Therapist. I strive to make you feel safe and comfortable. I strongly believe that to be effective in what I do, there has to be a connection and relationship with my clients.
You may be feeling down or lonely. Your relationship may not be as healthy as you would like. You may be having trouble sleeping. You may be experiencing anxiety. You may even be having trouble doing work tasks or completing day to day chores. You do not have to go through this alone. I am John Pavco, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Therapist. I strive to make you feel safe and comfortable. I strongly believe that to be effective in what I do, there has to be a connection and relationship with my clients.
(202) 831-9107 View (202) 831-9107
Photo of Tina J Rutherford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Tina J Rutherford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20011  (Online Only)
Breathe! I got you...In a world filled with constant change and uncertainty it is easy to forget to breathe, slow down and check-in with yourself. The daily grind, career dissatisfaction, family demands, strained relationships, past and current trauma, self-doubt…the list goes on. Let me be your guide on a journey into true freedom and overall satisfaction in all areas of your life. We will explore your historical blueprint and recreate a design that is authentically yours. A blueprint guided by fearlessness and healing rather than fear, self-doubt and recycled patterns that no longer serve you.
Breathe! I got you...In a world filled with constant change and uncertainty it is easy to forget to breathe, slow down and check-in with yourself. The daily grind, career dissatisfaction, family demands, strained relationships, past and current trauma, self-doubt…the list goes on. Let me be your guide on a journey into true freedom and overall satisfaction in all areas of your life. We will explore your historical blueprint and recreate a design that is authentically yours. A blueprint guided by fearlessness and healing rather than fear, self-doubt and recycled patterns that no longer serve you.
(202) 998-6511 View (202) 998-6511
Photo of Kristin Drouin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kristin Drouin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, APHSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002
I specialize in working with individuals of all ages who are navigating illness, grief, loss, trauma, and professional burnout. My passion for supporting children, teens, young adults and families impacted by a life-limiting medical diagnosis is informed by the years I spent as a pediatric social worker. In my bereavement work, I support clients affected by all manner of death, with a particular focus on grief after the death of a parent, young child or sibling.
I specialize in working with individuals of all ages who are navigating illness, grief, loss, trauma, and professional burnout. My passion for supporting children, teens, young adults and families impacted by a life-limiting medical diagnosis is informed by the years I spent as a pediatric social worker. In my bereavement work, I support clients affected by all manner of death, with a particular focus on grief after the death of a parent, young child or sibling.
(202) 335-6360 View (202) 335-6360
Photo of Sarah Pearl Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Sarah Pearl Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Sarah Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor and an Art Therapist with 10 years of experience in individual therapy and child and family consultation work. She is passionate about combining art therapy and play techniques in her practice to help clients with adjustment issues, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions. During the pandemic, she opened her practice to more adult-focused work, performing telehealth sessions and leading group art therapy for cancer survivors. Sarah completed her Master of Science in Counseling and Art Therapy from Mount Mary University.
Sarah Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor and an Art Therapist with 10 years of experience in individual therapy and child and family consultation work. She is passionate about combining art therapy and play techniques in her practice to help clients with adjustment issues, depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions. During the pandemic, she opened her practice to more adult-focused work, performing telehealth sessions and leading group art therapy for cancer survivors. Sarah completed her Master of Science in Counseling and Art Therapy from Mount Mary University.
(833) 658-9118 View (833) 658-9118
Photo of Anne Brennan Malec, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Anne Brennan Malec
Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002
Please note that all sessions are via tele-medicine. I believe that clients seeking counseling services desire tools for living a better life, and I strive to provide those tools. I do not push change on clients, but rather helps them articulate how they want their lives to be, and then collaboratively set out to put the foundation in place to create that life. I feel that clients gain the most from the counseling experience when they feel supported, encouraged, and understood by their therapist. This process works best in a warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental space, which I provide.
Please note that all sessions are via tele-medicine. I believe that clients seeking counseling services desire tools for living a better life, and I strive to provide those tools. I do not push change on clients, but rather helps them articulate how they want their lives to be, and then collaboratively set out to put the foundation in place to create that life. I feel that clients gain the most from the counseling experience when they feel supported, encouraged, and understood by their therapist. This process works best in a warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental space, which I provide.
(312) 626-9612 View (312) 626-9612
Photo of Laelia Gilborn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Laelia Gilborn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003
Adult clients come to me when feeling stuck, anxious or depressed. Others are coping with trauma, loss, relationship issues, parenting struggles, or a major life change. Using a variety of approaches, I help clients gain insight and self-acceptance, to navigate life transitions from a position of strength, to grow in relationships, and to make meaning from loss. Therapy is a wonderful form of self-care. Whether you are in crisis or just feeling stuck, I strive to be an honest, accepting, and active partner in your journey to greater fulfillment.
Adult clients come to me when feeling stuck, anxious or depressed. Others are coping with trauma, loss, relationship issues, parenting struggles, or a major life change. Using a variety of approaches, I help clients gain insight and self-acceptance, to navigate life transitions from a position of strength, to grow in relationships, and to make meaning from loss. Therapy is a wonderful form of self-care. Whether you are in crisis or just feeling stuck, I strive to be an honest, accepting, and active partner in your journey to greater fulfillment.
(202) 998-4757 View (202) 998-4757
Photo of John J Hartman, Psychologist in Washington, DC
John J Hartman
Psychologist, PhD, FABP
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20015
I see people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, or other unpleasant emotions who want to learn more about themselves as a way of relieving their stress. These unpleasant emotions may involve problems in work, school, or close interpersonal relationships.
I see people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, or other unpleasant emotions who want to learn more about themselves as a way of relieving their stress. These unpleasant emotions may involve problems in work, school, or close interpersonal relationships.
(813) 701-2459 View (813) 701-2459
Photo of Laura Golojuch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Laura Golojuch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002
Not accepting new clients
My goal in therapy is to allow my clients to create more space in their lives and build healthier patterns. Our relationships are a large part of what make us who we are, yet our relationships can also be a great source of frustration, coupled with the stresses of daily life. I use a strengths-based, integrative approach in therapy, working with individuals, couples, and families. I find that the ideal time for a client to enter therapy is when one feels stuck or notices negative patterns, and is ready to create a positive change.
My goal in therapy is to allow my clients to create more space in their lives and build healthier patterns. Our relationships are a large part of what make us who we are, yet our relationships can also be a great source of frustration, coupled with the stresses of daily life. I use a strengths-based, integrative approach in therapy, working with individuals, couples, and families. I find that the ideal time for a client to enter therapy is when one feels stuck or notices negative patterns, and is ready to create a positive change.
(202) 816-6305 View (202) 816-6305
Photo of Rafael Malaga, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Rafael Malaga
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
No matter how difficult your current circumstances may feel, psychotherapy can help you identify what is holding you back and help you develop the right strategies to feel connected with yourself and others. My goal in therapy is to assist you to find your own voice and to guide you to live life in your own terms.
No matter how difficult your current circumstances may feel, psychotherapy can help you identify what is holding you back and help you develop the right strategies to feel connected with yourself and others. My goal in therapy is to assist you to find your own voice and to guide you to live life in your own terms.
(202) 999-3642 View (202) 999-3642
Photo of Eclectic DC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Eclectic DC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C, WPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20018  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I identify as an ethicist; a Womanist who advocates and practices feminist ideals, cultural humility through continuous learning, bodily integrity, reproductive justice, sex work is work, pacifism by utilizing non-violent resistance techniques. I believe children have rights, whistleblowers are vital in society, I embrace LGBTQ+, Black Lives Matter is factual, and representation matters. I practice mindfulness with the philosophy of ‘margin to center’ action. I embody, advocate, and support activism in action and respect of human rights. Neither ever ends, even when it is inconvenient or uncomfortable. We must remain firmly resolved
I identify as an ethicist; a Womanist who advocates and practices feminist ideals, cultural humility through continuous learning, bodily integrity, reproductive justice, sex work is work, pacifism by utilizing non-violent resistance techniques. I believe children have rights, whistleblowers are vital in society, I embrace LGBTQ+, Black Lives Matter is factual, and representation matters. I practice mindfulness with the philosophy of ‘margin to center’ action. I embody, advocate, and support activism in action and respect of human rights. Neither ever ends, even when it is inconvenient or uncomfortable. We must remain firmly resolved
(202) 968-3652 View (202) 968-3652
Photo of Dr. Mariam Gregorian, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Dr. Mariam Gregorian
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20015  (Online Only)
When we are struggling with our mental health, the question often asked is “What’s wrong with you?” instead of “What happened to you?” Sadly, many people who have reached out for help have found themselves shamed, invalidated, and in worse shape than they were before. My goal is to provide an affirming and safe therapeutic environment for all identities, and I welcome individuals who are trying therapy for the first time, as well as those who have had previous experiences. I regularly work with clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and life transitions.
When we are struggling with our mental health, the question often asked is “What’s wrong with you?” instead of “What happened to you?” Sadly, many people who have reached out for help have found themselves shamed, invalidated, and in worse shape than they were before. My goal is to provide an affirming and safe therapeutic environment for all identities, and I welcome individuals who are trying therapy for the first time, as well as those who have had previous experiences. I regularly work with clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and life transitions.
(202) 930-8371 View (202) 930-8371
Photo of Shrink Me Not, Counselor in Washington, DC
Shrink Me Not
Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005
Life can throw all kinds of twists and turns in our path. However, despite our best attempts at juggling the twists and turns, we can find ourselves overwhelmed with stress, anxious about the future, depressed about our lack of resources and feeling downright tired. When this happens, all we want to do is pull the covers over our head and hide but we keep pressing forward because SOMETHING'S got to give! Shrink Me Not can help!
Life can throw all kinds of twists and turns in our path. However, despite our best attempts at juggling the twists and turns, we can find ourselves overwhelmed with stress, anxious about the future, depressed about our lack of resources and feeling downright tired. When this happens, all we want to do is pull the covers over our head and hide but we keep pressing forward because SOMETHING'S got to give! Shrink Me Not can help!
(202) 902-9961 View (202) 902-9961
Photo of Judith A. Marx, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Judith A. Marx
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a process of rebalancing yourself. When something is awry in your life-in relationships, career, emotion, health-your life loses its equilibrium. But as we construct your story in the safety of the therapeutic dialogue, we discover themes and patterns that help you articulate who you really are and what you truly want in your life.
Psychotherapy is a process of rebalancing yourself. When something is awry in your life-in relationships, career, emotion, health-your life loses its equilibrium. But as we construct your story in the safety of the therapeutic dialogue, we discover themes and patterns that help you articulate who you really are and what you truly want in your life.
(202) 681-6962 View (202) 681-6962
Photo of Lauren Finney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Lauren Finney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I view therapy as an opportunity for every person to have a confidential, supportive, and guided experience towards personal growth and facing life’s unending challenges. My style of therapy is very much like my personality: down to earth, humble, funny, compassionate, slightly sarcastic, direct, and blunt in a loving way. I have a sense of humor about myself, and I encourage my clients to adopt the same attitude. Each client who walks into my office comes with a unique history of experiences. To personalize treatment I use a combination of evidence-based therapeutic techniques to best support, explore, interpret, and solve.
I view therapy as an opportunity for every person to have a confidential, supportive, and guided experience towards personal growth and facing life’s unending challenges. My style of therapy is very much like my personality: down to earth, humble, funny, compassionate, slightly sarcastic, direct, and blunt in a loving way. I have a sense of humor about myself, and I encourage my clients to adopt the same attitude. Each client who walks into my office comes with a unique history of experiences. To personalize treatment I use a combination of evidence-based therapeutic techniques to best support, explore, interpret, and solve.
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Photo of Brandi Cihlar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Brandi Cihlar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20004  (Online Only)
Brandi is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with mental health and addiction experience who joined the practice in October of 2021. Brandi received her PhD from George Washington University in Counseling and has spent the last 17+ years working with adults suffering from depression, anxiety, addiction, and symptoms of Bipolar disorder, OCD, and Personality disorders. Brandi has so much experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, depression, and much more.
Brandi is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with mental health and addiction experience who joined the practice in October of 2021. Brandi received her PhD from George Washington University in Counseling and has spent the last 17+ years working with adults suffering from depression, anxiety, addiction, and symptoms of Bipolar disorder, OCD, and Personality disorders. Brandi has so much experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, depression, and much more.
(202) 951-8471 View (202) 951-8471
Photo of C'aira Neal, Counselor in Washington, DC
C'aira Neal
Counselor, MA, LGPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
I believe Therapy is a lifelong commitment to healing as you are ever growing, changing, and evolving. While being a part of your journey, I am committed to a few specific areas and would like to: Help you understand that growth can be an uncomfortable process but I am here to assist you better navigate growing pains and to look for opportunities to learn from those discomforts. Invite you to learn who you were and how you can get back to that person before your environmental and life experiences shaped and shifted your self-concept and -esteem into an unhealthy self-view.
I believe Therapy is a lifelong commitment to healing as you are ever growing, changing, and evolving. While being a part of your journey, I am committed to a few specific areas and would like to: Help you understand that growth can be an uncomfortable process but I am here to assist you better navigate growing pains and to look for opportunities to learn from those discomforts. Invite you to learn who you were and how you can get back to that person before your environmental and life experiences shaped and shifted your self-concept and -esteem into an unhealthy self-view.
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Photo of Temple Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Temple Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003  (Online Only)
Do it today! No more stalling. Invest in Your personal improvement. I offer 25 years of confident, professional Clinical Counseling, and Crisis Management services. The research folks, is solid! Professional counseling can exponentially improve Your health and Your daily life. Including Your physical, mental and spiritual health. In my practice I utilize HUMOR and solution-focused, Wise-Mind techniques to help you align with yourself along the values YOU identify as important to You. Other areas of expertise also include, ritualistic religious-cult survivor counseling, Attachment Disorder, PTSD, Grief & Substance Abuse Disorder.
Do it today! No more stalling. Invest in Your personal improvement. I offer 25 years of confident, professional Clinical Counseling, and Crisis Management services. The research folks, is solid! Professional counseling can exponentially improve Your health and Your daily life. Including Your physical, mental and spiritual health. In my practice I utilize HUMOR and solution-focused, Wise-Mind techniques to help you align with yourself along the values YOU identify as important to You. Other areas of expertise also include, ritualistic religious-cult survivor counseling, Attachment Disorder, PTSD, Grief & Substance Abuse Disorder.
(206) 408-1442 View (206) 408-1442
Photo of Cathy Eisenhower, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Cathy Eisenhower
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20012
The key to successful therapy is a relationship with a caring, nonjudgmental therapist there to respond sensitively and patiently to whatever comes up. In my work, I offer that to my clients, as we collaborate in developing an understanding of your emotional states and how they drive your thoughts and actions. We’ll learn together what you need to strengthen and grow. My work with children and adolescents informs my understanding of development over the life span, and how those relationships and experiences that shape us are alive in the present moment.
The key to successful therapy is a relationship with a caring, nonjudgmental therapist there to respond sensitively and patiently to whatever comes up. In my work, I offer that to my clients, as we collaborate in developing an understanding of your emotional states and how they drive your thoughts and actions. We’ll learn together what you need to strengthen and grow. My work with children and adolescents informs my understanding of development over the life span, and how those relationships and experiences that shape us are alive in the present moment.
(202) 318-3958 View (202) 318-3958
Photo of Megan Munzert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Megan Munzert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
Healing and change are possible for all of us. I am reminded daily of people's innate ability to mend and grow if they are provided with the right tools in a supportive and compassionate environment. Past traumatic events can leave scars and behavior patterns that can get in the way of people leading the life that they choose. I create a safe space where we can work together to allow scars to heal and transformative change to take place. My clients experience healing from sexual trauma, adverse life events, relationship issues, and dissociative symptoms. They find freedom from feeling "stuck".
Healing and change are possible for all of us. I am reminded daily of people's innate ability to mend and grow if they are provided with the right tools in a supportive and compassionate environment. Past traumatic events can leave scars and behavior patterns that can get in the way of people leading the life that they choose. I create a safe space where we can work together to allow scars to heal and transformative change to take place. My clients experience healing from sexual trauma, adverse life events, relationship issues, and dissociative symptoms. They find freedom from feeling "stuck".
(202) 759-2690 View (202) 759-2690
Photo of Carole Stovall, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Carole Stovall
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008
Do you want a better life with more choices and success- every day? I am honored to work with clients to help them address life issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, medical illness & pain, relationship and general life issues to better live the life they chose. I work with you in a collaborative and interactive way. We work to help you understand what has happened in your life, but more importantly, how to address and create the meaningful changes, the life success, and happiness, that is most important to you to have your best life.
Do you want a better life with more choices and success- every day? I am honored to work with clients to help them address life issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, medical illness & pain, relationship and general life issues to better live the life they chose. I work with you in a collaborative and interactive way. We work to help you understand what has happened in your life, but more importantly, how to address and create the meaningful changes, the life success, and happiness, that is most important to you to have your best life.
(202) 759-2293 View (202) 759-2293

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.