Therapists in Glen Allen, VA

Photo of Daniel Owen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Glen Allen, VA
Daniel Owen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
Daniel Owen is a Resident In Counseling. Passionate about helping others, Daniel hopes to help clients navigate the complexities of life. He obtained his Master’s Degree in Counselor Education from Virginia Commonwealth University. After graduating from the University of Virginia in 2015, Daniel moved to California, serving with AmeriCorps and working for various nonprofit organizations. Out west, he soaked in lessons about the powers of healing within community and nature.
Daniel Owen is a Resident In Counseling. Passionate about helping others, Daniel hopes to help clients navigate the complexities of life. He obtained his Master’s Degree in Counselor Education from Virginia Commonwealth University. After graduating from the University of Virginia in 2015, Daniel moved to California, serving with AmeriCorps and working for various nonprofit organizations. Out west, he soaked in lessons about the powers of healing within community and nature.
(804) 635-3849 x1 View (804) 635-3849 x1
Photo of Shavon Jack, Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Shavon Jack
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
You deserve joy. You deserve peace. You deserve to live your best life and enjoy it to the fullest. At times, life’s circumstances can hinder you from living to your fullest potential. I understand this and am more than willing to help. I am passionate about mental health and the power that lies within the therapeutic relationship. The belief that every client possesses all of the answers and solutions within but sometimes you need help navigating to those answers is my philosophy. I take pride in creating a genuine and safe environment for you to be your authentic self and foster the change you desire and deserve.
You deserve joy. You deserve peace. You deserve to live your best life and enjoy it to the fullest. At times, life’s circumstances can hinder you from living to your fullest potential. I understand this and am more than willing to help. I am passionate about mental health and the power that lies within the therapeutic relationship. The belief that every client possesses all of the answers and solutions within but sometimes you need help navigating to those answers is my philosophy. I take pride in creating a genuine and safe environment for you to be your authentic self and foster the change you desire and deserve.
(386) 204-6435 View (386) 204-6435
Photo of Amanda R Swindle in Glen Allen, VA
Amanda R Swindle
MSW, SISW
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I work with clients with an array of presenting needs including but not limited to anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, attachment issues, relationship challenges, exploration of personal identity, boundary setting, and exploration of problematic behaviors including but not limited to hyper-sexualization, substance use, etc. I am open to working with children 12+ and adults of any age, race, gender, or sexual orientation. I am interested in providing family therapy to include parenting support to caregivers. I am greatly interested in working with foster care or adoption related challenges.
I work with clients with an array of presenting needs including but not limited to anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, attachment issues, relationship challenges, exploration of personal identity, boundary setting, and exploration of problematic behaviors including but not limited to hyper-sexualization, substance use, etc. I am open to working with children 12+ and adults of any age, race, gender, or sexual orientation. I am interested in providing family therapy to include parenting support to caregivers. I am greatly interested in working with foster care or adoption related challenges.
(804) 395-6219 View (804) 395-6219
Photo of Alyssa Kleva, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Alyssa Kleva
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
My experience thus far is working with clients between the ages of 15 and up, working with a broad range of presenting problems and diagnoses. I understand that everyone experiences life differently and prioritize meeting my clients where they are in their current life struggles. Life can get overwhelming at times, so my goal is to provide space for client's to process and explore common themes and patterns in their life and a space to feel heard.
My experience thus far is working with clients between the ages of 15 and up, working with a broad range of presenting problems and diagnoses. I understand that everyone experiences life differently and prioritize meeting my clients where they are in their current life struggles. Life can get overwhelming at times, so my goal is to provide space for client's to process and explore common themes and patterns in their life and a space to feel heard.
(804) 315-3521 View (804) 315-3521
Photo of Noah Cason, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Noah Cason
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059  (Online Only)
What would it be like to experience the world, and yourself, without the assumption that you are a problem to be fixed? This is one of the questions I love to explore in my work with clients. I believe all people are inherently worthy, resilient, and capable of growth (Yep, even you). I work collaboratively with my clients to uncover their unique values and strengths while identifying practical strategies and resources to make life more comfortable now. I strive to create a warm, casual, and affirming environment for my clients.
What would it be like to experience the world, and yourself, without the assumption that you are a problem to be fixed? This is one of the questions I love to explore in my work with clients. I believe all people are inherently worthy, resilient, and capable of growth (Yep, even you). I work collaboratively with my clients to uncover their unique values and strengths while identifying practical strategies and resources to make life more comfortable now. I strive to create a warm, casual, and affirming environment for my clients.
(804) 331-8243 View (804) 331-8243
Photo of Jennifer Eckert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Jennifer Eckert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor in the states of Virginia, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. I have over 20 years of counseling and behavioral health experience. I have worked with children as young as 6 and adults throughout the lifespan. My expertise is helping teens and adults overcome the challenges of depression, anxiety, ADHD, emotional regulation, trauma, addiction, relationship issues and navigating the seasons of life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor in the states of Virginia, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. I have over 20 years of counseling and behavioral health experience. I have worked with children as young as 6 and adults throughout the lifespan. My expertise is helping teens and adults overcome the challenges of depression, anxiety, ADHD, emotional regulation, trauma, addiction, relationship issues and navigating the seasons of life.
(804) 331-8355 View (804) 331-8355
Photo of Julia Canada, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Julia Canada
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Waitlist for new clients
I am a trauma-informed therapist with a background in art therapy. I believe that the primary healing component of therapy lies within the corrective emotional experience of the therapeutic relationship, and I work to bring that to each client with whom I work.
I am a trauma-informed therapist with a background in art therapy. I believe that the primary healing component of therapy lies within the corrective emotional experience of the therapeutic relationship, and I work to bring that to each client with whom I work.
(804) 575-5562 View (804) 575-5562
Photo of Ariane Raines, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Ariane Raines
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSOTP, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
I believe in a collaborative, strength-based approach. Outpatient therapy is a service that supports healing, utilizing the internal strengths each client holds. I believe in client centered care and want to meet the needs of why you are seeking counseling services. It is my belief that you are the expert of your own life. It is my job to provide support as you work towards goals to led you to your most authentic healthy life.
I believe in a collaborative, strength-based approach. Outpatient therapy is a service that supports healing, utilizing the internal strengths each client holds. I believe in client centered care and want to meet the needs of why you are seeking counseling services. It is my belief that you are the expert of your own life. It is my job to provide support as you work towards goals to led you to your most authentic healthy life.
(804) 494-7853 View (804) 494-7853
Photo of Mckayla Parker, Resident in Counseling in Glen Allen, VA
Mckayla Parker
Resident in Counseling, MS
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Mckayla is currently a Resident in Counseling, pursuing full licensure as an LPC in Virginia. Mckayla focuses on helping clients become the best and happiest version of themselves by identifying and improving thought patterns and behaviors while learning to accept and deal with emotions. Her goal is to create a counseling environment that is unique and oriented to the specific needs of each client. She often incorporates strategies and techniques from CBT and DBT, along with other approaches that best fit each client's needs.
Mckayla is currently a Resident in Counseling, pursuing full licensure as an LPC in Virginia. Mckayla focuses on helping clients become the best and happiest version of themselves by identifying and improving thought patterns and behaviors while learning to accept and deal with emotions. Her goal is to create a counseling environment that is unique and oriented to the specific needs of each client. She often incorporates strategies and techniques from CBT and DBT, along with other approaches that best fit each client's needs.
(804) 465-9785 View (804) 465-9785
Photo of Rachel Hoffman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Rachel Hoffman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CRC, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23059
I approach counseling with care and empathy. In therapy, I create a space where you can be fully yourself, speak honestly about struggles, and find practical solutions for your life. I believe that you hold all of the solutions to living your happiest life and my goal is to help you discover them.
I approach counseling with care and empathy. In therapy, I create a space where you can be fully yourself, speak honestly about struggles, and find practical solutions for your life. I believe that you hold all of the solutions to living your happiest life and my goal is to help you discover them.
(804) 902-2733 View (804) 902-2733
Photo of Joy Henry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Joy Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23059  (Online Only)
My early work has been primarily with youth and adults in crisis and providing mental health counseling and support to adolescents in a psychiatric setting. I began working as a Licensed Independent Social worker in 2020. I specialize in treating trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression, as well as complex stressors, especially if complicated by relationship and familial dynamics. I aim to assist individuals desiring greater motivation, purpose, and self-determination following unresolved trauma and unforeseen hardships. I hope to support individuals seeking mental health stability, peace, and personal clarity. I embrace authenticity
My early work has been primarily with youth and adults in crisis and providing mental health counseling and support to adolescents in a psychiatric setting. I began working as a Licensed Independent Social worker in 2020. I specialize in treating trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression, as well as complex stressors, especially if complicated by relationship and familial dynamics. I aim to assist individuals desiring greater motivation, purpose, and self-determination following unresolved trauma and unforeseen hardships. I hope to support individuals seeking mental health stability, peace, and personal clarity. I embrace authenticity
(804) 607-9130 View (804) 607-9130
Photo of Brooke Massenburg, Resident in Counseling in Glen Allen, VA
Brooke Massenburg
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23058  (Online Only)
Taking the first step towards help is a powerful one. I applaud you for taking this step towards bettering yourself! I enjoy working with children and adolescents, adults, and assisting parents during any stage of their parenting journey. I have a passion for maternal mental health and helping mothers feel their best both emotionally and mentally. I have experience working with individuals who are feeling burn out, isolation, or anxiety and help guide them to feel more clarity and fulfillment within their lives.
Taking the first step towards help is a powerful one. I applaud you for taking this step towards bettering yourself! I enjoy working with children and adolescents, adults, and assisting parents during any stage of their parenting journey. I have a passion for maternal mental health and helping mothers feel their best both emotionally and mentally. I have experience working with individuals who are feeling burn out, isolation, or anxiety and help guide them to feel more clarity and fulfillment within their lives.
(757) 767-5047 View (757) 767-5047
Photo of Deborah Wolff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Deborah Wolff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
The journey of healing begins with that moment of understanding that you, your child, or your family are ready to find a new way to live. Whether the struggle is living with trauma, neurodivergence, behaviors that create chaos, family or relationship conflict, managing "big" feelings and emotions, or are questioning if you can feel anything at all, therapy is an opportunity to uncover the source, recover from the pain, and discover who you (or your child, family or partner) are and meant to be.
The journey of healing begins with that moment of understanding that you, your child, or your family are ready to find a new way to live. Whether the struggle is living with trauma, neurodivergence, behaviors that create chaos, family or relationship conflict, managing "big" feelings and emotions, or are questioning if you can feel anything at all, therapy is an opportunity to uncover the source, recover from the pain, and discover who you (or your child, family or partner) are and meant to be.
(804) 719-4425 View (804) 719-4425
Photo of Wendy Couch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Wendy Couch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060  (Online Only)
Everyone deserves a safe space to find their voice and write their next chapter. I'm here to walk alongside you, offering guidance, compassion, and unwavering support as you embark on this transformative journey towards healing and self-discovery. I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to uncover strengths, develop coping strategies, and cultivate self-awareness. I am dedicated to creating a supportive therapeutic alliance built on trust, transparency, and authenticity, empowering my clients to navigate life's complexities with resilience and confidence.
Everyone deserves a safe space to find their voice and write their next chapter. I'm here to walk alongside you, offering guidance, compassion, and unwavering support as you embark on this transformative journey towards healing and self-discovery. I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to uncover strengths, develop coping strategies, and cultivate self-awareness. I am dedicated to creating a supportive therapeutic alliance built on trust, transparency, and authenticity, empowering my clients to navigate life's complexities with resilience and confidence.
(804) 494-4081 View (804) 494-4081
Photo of Catherine Heflin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Catherine Heflin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters of Social Work and a Bachelors of Social Work from Radford University. I am currently continuing my education to become a Registered Play Therapist. I specialize in working with clients that have experienced trauma, have attachment challenges, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, ADHD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. My extensive experience and specialties include working with children and their families. I counsel children as young as three through their entry into adulthood.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters of Social Work and a Bachelors of Social Work from Radford University. I am currently continuing my education to become a Registered Play Therapist. I specialize in working with clients that have experienced trauma, have attachment challenges, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, ADHD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. My extensive experience and specialties include working with children and their families. I counsel children as young as three through their entry into adulthood.
(804) 492-7166 View (804) 492-7166
Photo of Cassidy R Van de Graaf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Cassidy R Van de Graaf
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC, CCTSI
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23059
I have experience working with individuals 18 and older dealing with anxiety, depression, life-transitions, PTSD/trauma symptoms, abusive relationships, interpersonal difficulties, relationship troubles, career difficulties, and grief. I have worked extensively with many age groups including college/graduate students, veterans in regard to PTSD and trauma, as well as, mothers, fathers, the LGBTQIA population, and lastly, adults on the autism spectrum. My approach in the therapy room is client-centered, always making sure my client feels comfortable, heard, understood, but challenged.
I have experience working with individuals 18 and older dealing with anxiety, depression, life-transitions, PTSD/trauma symptoms, abusive relationships, interpersonal difficulties, relationship troubles, career difficulties, and grief. I have worked extensively with many age groups including college/graduate students, veterans in regard to PTSD and trauma, as well as, mothers, fathers, the LGBTQIA population, and lastly, adults on the autism spectrum. My approach in the therapy room is client-centered, always making sure my client feels comfortable, heard, understood, but challenged.
(804) 534-1009 View (804) 534-1009
Photo of Mary Woods, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Mary Woods
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060
Welcome to my profile, I know that seeking therapy is a big decision and you have pondered on this for a while before coming to my profile. Allow me to take the fear out of the decision. Working with me will become a partnership in your journey to wellness and the best self you can be today, tomorrow and in the future. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia and South Carolina for the past decade seeing individuals with a mirage of disorders and transitional phases. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy, and use of Empowerment and Strength perspectives.
Welcome to my profile, I know that seeking therapy is a big decision and you have pondered on this for a while before coming to my profile. Allow me to take the fear out of the decision. Working with me will become a partnership in your journey to wellness and the best self you can be today, tomorrow and in the future. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia and South Carolina for the past decade seeing individuals with a mirage of disorders and transitional phases. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy, and use of Empowerment and Strength perspectives.
(804) 336-3787 View (804) 336-3787
Christine Ketterer Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23059  (Online Only)
I have over 15 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families to assist in treating anxiety and depression, enriching relationships, identifying stressors, and working through family issues. I help clients to identify their strengths in order to overcome challenges, and helps clients to grow and learn about themselves, develop self-care, find healthy coping skills, and learn effective ways of communicating. I also have experience working with individuals and families who are working through the grieving process and have worked with victims of violent crime, traumatic grief, and chronic illness.
I have over 15 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families to assist in treating anxiety and depression, enriching relationships, identifying stressors, and working through family issues. I help clients to identify their strengths in order to overcome challenges, and helps clients to grow and learn about themselves, develop self-care, find healthy coping skills, and learn effective ways of communicating. I also have experience working with individuals and families who are working through the grieving process and have worked with victims of violent crime, traumatic grief, and chronic illness.
(804) 581-8240 View (804) 581-8240
Photo of Twonya Collins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Glen Allen, VA
Twonya Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23059  (Online Only)
Ms. Collins is currently accepting new clients in Virginia and NC. Ms. Collins is also accepting new social work supervisees in the state of Virginia. Ms. Collins specializes in treating individuals who are experiencing grief due to loss as well as those who have experienced trauma. Ms. Collins enjoys working with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, anger management concerns, as well as those who desire help with managing their overall stress and life transitions. Ms. Collins provides individual therapeutic services in both Virginia and North Carolina.
Ms. Collins is currently accepting new clients in Virginia and NC. Ms. Collins is also accepting new social work supervisees in the state of Virginia. Ms. Collins specializes in treating individuals who are experiencing grief due to loss as well as those who have experienced trauma. Ms. Collins enjoys working with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, anger management concerns, as well as those who desire help with managing their overall stress and life transitions. Ms. Collins provides individual therapeutic services in both Virginia and North Carolina.
(804) 792-3695 View (804) 792-3695
Photo of Lifebridge Counseling, LLC - Central Virginia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Glen Allen, VA
Lifebridge Counseling, LLC - Central Virginia
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Glen Allen, VA 23059
Outpatient Counseling offers a variety of therapeutic interventions by licensed and skilled providers of mental health services. We offer a warm, welcoming environment where members of our community can receive confidential, quality, client-centered therapeutic services to meet the many numerous emotional and behavioral struggles they may face. We work closely with referral sources and other providers to allow for the most comprehensive and valuable service provision.
Outpatient Counseling offers a variety of therapeutic interventions by licensed and skilled providers of mental health services. We offer a warm, welcoming environment where members of our community can receive confidential, quality, client-centered therapeutic services to meet the many numerous emotional and behavioral struggles they may face. We work closely with referral sources and other providers to allow for the most comprehensive and valuable service provision.
(804) 409-7977 View (804) 409-7977

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Glen Allen, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Glen Allen, VA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
66% Relationship Issues
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Anthem | Elevance
68% Aetna

How Therapists in Glen Allen, VA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Glen Allen?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.