Therapists in Reno, NV

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Photo of Julie Hsu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Julie Hsu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
Waitlist for new clients
It is my goal to create an environment of acceptance, trust and understanding in which my clients feel safe, supported and heard. I use an integrative, client-centered approach and believe in tailoring my counseling approach and interventions to best fit my client’s needs and unique personality. I have experience working with teens, adults and couples from diverse backgrounds on issues of anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions and self-identity. Being from Germany originally and having lived in three countries, I also enjoy working with clients with multicultural backgrounds on issues around cultural identity.
It is my goal to create an environment of acceptance, trust and understanding in which my clients feel safe, supported and heard. I use an integrative, client-centered approach and believe in tailoring my counseling approach and interventions to best fit my client’s needs and unique personality. I have experience working with teens, adults and couples from diverse backgrounds on issues of anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions and self-identity. Being from Germany originally and having lived in three countries, I also enjoy working with clients with multicultural backgrounds on issues around cultural identity.
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Photo of Carson Morris, Counselor in Reno, NV
Carson Morris
Counselor, PhD, CPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Not accepting new clients
Life can be a chaotic, stress-inducing mess. Oftentimes, we feel like we are drowning in our responsibilities, anxiety, and more. While there are no quick-fix cures, counseling can provide us with the answers we need. It can address our issues and remind us that we are more than the negative thoughts, issues, trauma, and stressors that affect us. I offer my clients a safe, collaborative space comprised of warmth, humor, and openness. Whether in-person or online, we will work in our sessions to provide you with support, insight, and skills for coping, healing, and flourishing.
Life can be a chaotic, stress-inducing mess. Oftentimes, we feel like we are drowning in our responsibilities, anxiety, and more. While there are no quick-fix cures, counseling can provide us with the answers we need. It can address our issues and remind us that we are more than the negative thoughts, issues, trauma, and stressors that affect us. I offer my clients a safe, collaborative space comprised of warmth, humor, and openness. Whether in-person or online, we will work in our sessions to provide you with support, insight, and skills for coping, healing, and flourishing.
(775) 243-2494 View (775) 243-2494
Photo of Allison Hilborn-Tatro Therapy, INC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Allison Hilborn-Tatro Therapy, INC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89521
For the past 16 years I've worked with individuals, couples, and families dealing with addictions, anxiety/stress disorders, and stage of life dilemmas. I've worked in all levels of care, from inpatient hospitals to outpatient psychotherapy, and in addition to seeing clients in my therapy practice, I also do treatment placements for those looking for higher levels of care.
For the past 16 years I've worked with individuals, couples, and families dealing with addictions, anxiety/stress disorders, and stage of life dilemmas. I've worked in all levels of care, from inpatient hospitals to outpatient psychotherapy, and in addition to seeing clients in my therapy practice, I also do treatment placements for those looking for higher levels of care.
(775) 241-4733 View (775) 241-4733
Photo of Colin Chisholm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Colin Chisholm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
The poet Mary Oliver writes, "Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" This comes close to summing up my approach to life and to therapy. People who come to therapy are yearning for real growth and change, and my goal is to help them get there. I use an integrative, mindfulness-based approach to address a wide range of clients and issues. My goal is for every person who walks through my door to leave feeling more whole, hopeful, and healthy than when he or she arrived.
The poet Mary Oliver writes, "Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" This comes close to summing up my approach to life and to therapy. People who come to therapy are yearning for real growth and change, and my goal is to help them get there. I use an integrative, mindfulness-based approach to address a wide range of clients and issues. My goal is for every person who walks through my door to leave feeling more whole, hopeful, and healthy than when he or she arrived.
(775) 835-4828 View (775) 835-4828
Photo of Joseph R. Sannazzaro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Joseph R. Sannazzaro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
Waitlist for new clients
We all experience times when we know things can't stay the same, but we don't know how to make them better. It may be pain, loss, or resentments from the past. Or anxiety about future stressors and uncertainties. Or current struggles that leave us feeling powerless and discouraged. It takes humility to admit that what we're doing isn't working, and it takes courage to try something different. Choosing counseling is choosing to stop waiting for life to get better or waiting for people to change. It's choosing to make the changes we can to change our lives for the better
We all experience times when we know things can't stay the same, but we don't know how to make them better. It may be pain, loss, or resentments from the past. Or anxiety about future stressors and uncertainties. Or current struggles that leave us feeling powerless and discouraged. It takes humility to admit that what we're doing isn't working, and it takes courage to try something different. Choosing counseling is choosing to stop waiting for life to get better or waiting for people to change. It's choosing to make the changes we can to change our lives for the better
(775) 204-3674 View (775) 204-3674
Photo of John McElveney, LPC Intern in Reno, NV
John McElveney
LPC Intern, CPC-I, CADC-I
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89521
Life sometimes presents challenges that require one to seek out help. Oftentimes, those challenges can be learning experiences that help one grow and heal. Do you need help with a specific problem that is affecting your life or do you just need general guidance about discovering who you are? My aim is to meet you where you are currently and then partner with you to find solutions for your mental health concerns. Making the decision to seek out therapy can be difficult for some and I will work to make the experience comfortable, safe, and as non-judgmental as possible.
Life sometimes presents challenges that require one to seek out help. Oftentimes, those challenges can be learning experiences that help one grow and heal. Do you need help with a specific problem that is affecting your life or do you just need general guidance about discovering who you are? My aim is to meet you where you are currently and then partner with you to find solutions for your mental health concerns. Making the decision to seek out therapy can be difficult for some and I will work to make the experience comfortable, safe, and as non-judgmental as possible.
(775) 587-1969 View (775) 587-1969
Photo of Kathryn Hill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Kathryn Hill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502
Time and Again ...we give our best efforts to rediscovering the marvelous qualities common to the early stages of falling in love and to evoking the richer dimensions of family life, and yet... We end up ...confused and disappointed, broken-hearted, enraged and ready to quit. Why? Because ...few of us were taught how to cultivate the emotional resources and practical skills for negotiating the daily complexities of living and loving. But the art of living --like all art--requires skill, discipline and persistence. Individuals and families who take this path do so because their love for whom they love demands it.
Time and Again ...we give our best efforts to rediscovering the marvelous qualities common to the early stages of falling in love and to evoking the richer dimensions of family life, and yet... We end up ...confused and disappointed, broken-hearted, enraged and ready to quit. Why? Because ...few of us were taught how to cultivate the emotional resources and practical skills for negotiating the daily complexities of living and loving. But the art of living --like all art--requires skill, discipline and persistence. Individuals and families who take this path do so because their love for whom they love demands it.
(775) 252-4886 View (775) 252-4886
Photo of Elements Counseling Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Elements Counseling Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, Alicia, Arnold, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients for telehealth! We are a team of highly skilled and empathetic professionals who are committed to providing exceptional mental health services. We believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for our clients to embark on their journey towards healing and personal growth. We work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect, PTSD, complex/chronic trauma, chronic illness, eating disorders, addiction, mood disorders, depression, and anxiety. We are also proficient in working with neurodivergent conditions such as ADHD, Autism and OCD.
Currently accepting new clients for telehealth! We are a team of highly skilled and empathetic professionals who are committed to providing exceptional mental health services. We believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for our clients to embark on their journey towards healing and personal growth. We work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect, PTSD, complex/chronic trauma, chronic illness, eating disorders, addiction, mood disorders, depression, and anxiety. We are also proficient in working with neurodivergent conditions such as ADHD, Autism and OCD.
(775) 863-2388 View (775) 863-2388
Photo of Dr. Tristan Sophia, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Dr. Tristan Sophia
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I provide therapy for adults in Nevada and Montana. My specialties are recovery from narcissistic abuse and emotional abuse/neglect (as child and/or adult), CPTSD, low self-esteem, and depression. I work with clients who’ve been on the path of personal growth and want to continue their healing on a deeper level. My clients are motivated to grow. Together, we’ll transform your thinking, emotions, behavior, and nervous system responses that keep you from moving forward in your life as you want, so your mood and relationships improve, and you create the life you desire and deserve.
I provide therapy for adults in Nevada and Montana. My specialties are recovery from narcissistic abuse and emotional abuse/neglect (as child and/or adult), CPTSD, low self-esteem, and depression. I work with clients who’ve been on the path of personal growth and want to continue their healing on a deeper level. My clients are motivated to grow. Together, we’ll transform your thinking, emotions, behavior, and nervous system responses that keep you from moving forward in your life as you want, so your mood and relationships improve, and you create the life you desire and deserve.
(775) 402-8191 View (775) 402-8191
Photo of Anika K Mullen, Counselor in Reno, NV
Anika K Mullen
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, CPC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502  (Online Only)
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a big transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
Have the terrible 2's never stopped or gotten worse after your child turned 2.5 yrs? Do you have a young child with more frequent, long, or intense temper tantrums and behavior problems than is expected for the child’s age? Does your child seem to get a thrill out of purposely annoying others, get in trouble regularly at preschool, or react with defiance and aggression to adult requests and limits? Or, is your child so anxious that you are dreading daycare or school drop offs because your child has to be pried off of you? Is your child struggling to adjust to a big transition like parents’ divorce, a new sibling, grief, or trauma?
(775) 204-4567 View (775) 204-4567
Photo of Caitlyn Wallace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Caitlyn Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89503
Not accepting new clients
It takes courage to open the door to change and possibility. While therapy isn't actual magic, it can do remarkable things for those ready to make changes in their lives. I believe in "human first, therapist second" and bring warmth, openness, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, child and pregnancy-related grief and loss, and trauma. I utilize ACT, somatics, mindfulness, parts work, and EMDR. I am an eco-aware practitioner. I help my clients connect with themselves whatever season they are in, engage in self-discovery, develop radical self-compassion & find meaning.
It takes courage to open the door to change and possibility. While therapy isn't actual magic, it can do remarkable things for those ready to make changes in their lives. I believe in "human first, therapist second" and bring warmth, openness, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, child and pregnancy-related grief and loss, and trauma. I utilize ACT, somatics, mindfulness, parts work, and EMDR. I am an eco-aware practitioner. I help my clients connect with themselves whatever season they are in, engage in self-discovery, develop radical self-compassion & find meaning.
(775) 242-6808 View (775) 242-6808
Photo of Stephen Mayville, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Stephen Mayville
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89521
I offer Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to individuals, couples, and families. My training and experience as a clinical psychologist spans across a wide range of clients and includes both adults and children.
I offer Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to individuals, couples, and families. My training and experience as a clinical psychologist spans across a wide range of clients and includes both adults and children.
(775) 583-5273 View (775) 583-5273
Photo of Nick Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Nick Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
So you are looking to start therapy? That's amazing! This step can be a very stressful and overwhelming experience, and I want to help you get started on your journey. It is vitally important to have a safe place to open up, feel comfortable enough to lean into difficult topics, build distress tolerance, and even feel like you can laugh again.
So you are looking to start therapy? That's amazing! This step can be a very stressful and overwhelming experience, and I want to help you get started on your journey. It is vitally important to have a safe place to open up, feel comfortable enough to lean into difficult topics, build distress tolerance, and even feel like you can laugh again.
(775) 243-6795 View (775) 243-6795
Photo of Sally Hazard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Sally Hazard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502  (Online Only)
Hello. I've been a licensed marriage and family therapist for 19 years, and I love helping people! I've practiced in Orlando, FL, San Diego, CA, and Reno, NV, and I've worked in private practice, group homes, with foster children and teens, and at the University of NV in Reno counseling center with college students. I understand what it is to have issues that are hard to resolve on one's own. Congratulations if you are considering getting some help!
Hello. I've been a licensed marriage and family therapist for 19 years, and I love helping people! I've practiced in Orlando, FL, San Diego, CA, and Reno, NV, and I've worked in private practice, group homes, with foster children and teens, and at the University of NV in Reno counseling center with college students. I understand what it is to have issues that are hard to resolve on one's own. Congratulations if you are considering getting some help!
(775) 406-6996 View (775) 406-6996
Photo of Crystal LeeBorba-Harvey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Crystal LeeBorba-Harvey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503  (Online Only)
Are you tired of having conflict with your partner or child? Are you looking for a resolution to have your peace? I'm the therapist to help you! I have spent 9+ years working with children, teens, parents, and individuals on a variety of issues including, but not limited to, boundary work, communication, adjustment, anxiety, trauma, relationships, and depression. I have been trained in a variety of modalities that include solution focused therapy, motivational interviewing, CBT, and DBT, to name a few. I'm also passionate about working with LGBTQ+ individuals to help with the many transitions and challenges they may face.
Are you tired of having conflict with your partner or child? Are you looking for a resolution to have your peace? I'm the therapist to help you! I have spent 9+ years working with children, teens, parents, and individuals on a variety of issues including, but not limited to, boundary work, communication, adjustment, anxiety, trauma, relationships, and depression. I have been trained in a variety of modalities that include solution focused therapy, motivational interviewing, CBT, and DBT, to name a few. I'm also passionate about working with LGBTQ+ individuals to help with the many transitions and challenges they may face.
(775) 256-2926 View (775) 256-2926
Photo of Crossed Keys Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Crossed Keys Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, , MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
Individuals, couples, and families dealing with difficult emotions, troubling behaivor, mental health disorders and trauma. People want the capacity to think and reflect, to not respond automatically to emotional pressures, internal or external. Today is your day, no matter what your life story or situation is, we believe you are one step closer to a new you with a greater level of functioning and increased well-being.
Individuals, couples, and families dealing with difficult emotions, troubling behaivor, mental health disorders and trauma. People want the capacity to think and reflect, to not respond automatically to emotional pressures, internal or external. Today is your day, no matter what your life story or situation is, we believe you are one step closer to a new you with a greater level of functioning and increased well-being.
(775) 204-5313 View (775) 204-5313
Photo of Lynn L Dyas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Lynn L Dyas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LCADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503
As a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapist, I focus on treatment that addresses blocks to living a full and productive life. My goals are to help clients understand self-defeating patterns or dynamics that may be sabotaging their lives, heal attachment ruptures, provide support while practicing new behaviors, work through challenging situations or life crises, and learn to identify existing while teaching new strengths and skills. Our objective as a team will be to enhance your quality of life by helping you reach your fullest personal and professional potential.
As a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapist, I focus on treatment that addresses blocks to living a full and productive life. My goals are to help clients understand self-defeating patterns or dynamics that may be sabotaging their lives, heal attachment ruptures, provide support while practicing new behaviors, work through challenging situations or life crises, and learn to identify existing while teaching new strengths and skills. Our objective as a team will be to enhance your quality of life by helping you reach your fullest personal and professional potential.
(775) 589-2017 View (775) 589-2017
Photo of Valerie Zwyssig, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Valerie Zwyssig
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
My first professional license was in Addiction Counseling from Triton College in Chicago, IL. A decade later I attended the University of Nevada, Reno, for my MFT license and earned an Educational Specialist degree in Counseling & Educational Psychology. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults in various levels of treatment including, Inpatient, Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient and Outpatient settings. My specialty is working with co-occurring disorders of mental health and addiction.
My first professional license was in Addiction Counseling from Triton College in Chicago, IL. A decade later I attended the University of Nevada, Reno, for my MFT license and earned an Educational Specialist degree in Counseling & Educational Psychology. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults in various levels of treatment including, Inpatient, Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient and Outpatient settings. My specialty is working with co-occurring disorders of mental health and addiction.
(775) 618-0673 View (775) 618-0673
Photo of Heidi Frost, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Heidi Frost
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, NCC, LCADC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Therapy can be a decisive step toward greater contentment and joy in life but often we are in the greatest emotional pain when we decide to go. I offer a welcoming space for you to discuss the challenges in your life and my goal is to support your well-being and healing.
Therapy can be a decisive step toward greater contentment and joy in life but often we are in the greatest emotional pain when we decide to go. I offer a welcoming space for you to discuss the challenges in your life and my goal is to support your well-being and healing.
(775) 277-2124 View (775) 277-2124
Photo of Paula Vohland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Paula Vohland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503  (Online Only)
**Now accepting new individual clients 18+.** I offer one office day on Thursdays and teletherapy other days/times. I provide support and guidance within a safe and non-judgemental environment. Life can be overwhelming and sometimes even exhausting, but I’m here to begin a partnership with you. I’d love to help you on your journey towards healing and self-discovery through compassionate insight and effective strategies that promote well-being and self-empowerment. “Only when we are brave enough to explore the darkness will we discover the infinite power of our light." Brene' Brown
**Now accepting new individual clients 18+.** I offer one office day on Thursdays and teletherapy other days/times. I provide support and guidance within a safe and non-judgemental environment. Life can be overwhelming and sometimes even exhausting, but I’m here to begin a partnership with you. I’d love to help you on your journey towards healing and self-discovery through compassionate insight and effective strategies that promote well-being and self-empowerment. “Only when we are brave enough to explore the darkness will we discover the infinite power of our light." Brene' Brown
(775) 256-3907 View (775) 256-3907

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reno, NV

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Reno, NV who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
62% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Hometown Health

How Therapists in Reno, NV see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.