Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Michele Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Michele Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Hi, my name is Michele Clark and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over twenty years of experience working in diverse settings such as schools, hospitals, private practices, and community programs. I have been a School Social Worker for 18 years and provide individual and group social work services to students in general education and special education program. I specialize in anxiety and depressive disorders and I assist my clients with managing life stressors that can cause emotional distress. I have a special interest in women’s issues and working with teenage girls.
Hi, my name is Michele Clark and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over twenty years of experience working in diverse settings such as schools, hospitals, private practices, and community programs. I have been a School Social Worker for 18 years and provide individual and group social work services to students in general education and special education program. I specialize in anxiety and depressive disorders and I assist my clients with managing life stressors that can cause emotional distress. I have a special interest in women’s issues and working with teenage girls.
(773) 832-5671 View (773) 832-5671
Photo of Ellie Feldmann, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ellie Feldmann
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Does your past still haunt you? Do you find yourself struggling with past trauma, attachment issues or just your basic family baggage? Does your past make living in the present more difficult? Is it time to deal with those unresolved issues that are still impacting you? Clients come to me looking for a therapist who is more direct and will challenge them to understand themselves. I believe therapy is a place that you learn to make healthier decisions. When we know better we do better. Therapy doesn't have to be a life long journey but it needs to work!
Does your past still haunt you? Do you find yourself struggling with past trauma, attachment issues or just your basic family baggage? Does your past make living in the present more difficult? Is it time to deal with those unresolved issues that are still impacting you? Clients come to me looking for a therapist who is more direct and will challenge them to understand themselves. I believe therapy is a place that you learn to make healthier decisions. When we know better we do better. Therapy doesn't have to be a life long journey but it needs to work!
(872) 266-3363 View (872) 266-3363
Photo of All About You Consulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
All About You Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
You will be offered a service that is richly diverse and intellectual in its approach. My unique training and background has uniquely prepared me to work with diverse clientele including te adults from all walks of life. I have advanced training both in clinical counseling as well as pastoral, faith-based counseling approaches. I am able to integrate these approaches in my work with my clients. I am ideally suited for clients looking for an inclusive counseling approach emphasizing acceptance of cultural diversity and its profound effect on health
You will be offered a service that is richly diverse and intellectual in its approach. My unique training and background has uniquely prepared me to work with diverse clientele including te adults from all walks of life. I have advanced training both in clinical counseling as well as pastoral, faith-based counseling approaches. I am able to integrate these approaches in my work with my clients. I am ideally suited for clients looking for an inclusive counseling approach emphasizing acceptance of cultural diversity and its profound effect on health
(312) 584-4109 View (312) 584-4109
Photo of April L. Wilburne, Counselor in Chicago, IL
April L. Wilburne
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
We often try to deny and reject our past instead of embracing it, sometimes leading to self-doubt, negative thoughts and memories that can hinder us. Through collaboration and self-determination, we can reignite the drive that still lies within, so that we can increase your self-esteem, replace negative thoughts with positive thinking, and process those memories together. You are not alone. April has always been passionate about helping others achieve their goals for better mental health. From assistance with daily stressors to feelings of hopelessness, each client is unique and deserves a therapeutic journey tailored to them.
We often try to deny and reject our past instead of embracing it, sometimes leading to self-doubt, negative thoughts and memories that can hinder us. Through collaboration and self-determination, we can reignite the drive that still lies within, so that we can increase your self-esteem, replace negative thoughts with positive thinking, and process those memories together. You are not alone. April has always been passionate about helping others achieve their goals for better mental health. From assistance with daily stressors to feelings of hopelessness, each client is unique and deserves a therapeutic journey tailored to them.
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Photo of Marissa Bohrer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Marissa Bohrer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660  (Online Only)
Ready to get into it? Taking the first step into a therapeutic setting requires enormous vulnerability, as well as a great deal of strength, and I strive to make every client feel warm and welcomed. Therapy is an opportunity to create the change in your life that has always been possible – even if it may not feel that way to you right now. My therapeutic style is straightforward, honest, and goal-oriented, and more often than not, there is room for humor and laughter in a therapy session.
Ready to get into it? Taking the first step into a therapeutic setting requires enormous vulnerability, as well as a great deal of strength, and I strive to make every client feel warm and welcomed. Therapy is an opportunity to create the change in your life that has always been possible – even if it may not feel that way to you right now. My therapeutic style is straightforward, honest, and goal-oriented, and more often than not, there is room for humor and laughter in a therapy session.
(773) 916-5637 View (773) 916-5637
Photo of Jess A Benge, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jess A Benge
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Waitlist for new clients
Extensive research shows the client-therapist relationship is the most essential part of therapy. I encourage you to find the right fit. Topics I have helped clients successfully work through: complex trauma, helping change attachment styles, boundary identification & implementation, infidelity, dysfunctional communication, repetitive arguments on the same topic, kinks or differences in sexual interests (ex. BDSM, non-monogamy, cuckolding, etc.), and severe anxiety/depression. I enjoy helping individuals & couples find new ways of relating in order to embrace the complexity of love in their relationships.
Extensive research shows the client-therapist relationship is the most essential part of therapy. I encourage you to find the right fit. Topics I have helped clients successfully work through: complex trauma, helping change attachment styles, boundary identification & implementation, infidelity, dysfunctional communication, repetitive arguments on the same topic, kinks or differences in sexual interests (ex. BDSM, non-monogamy, cuckolding, etc.), and severe anxiety/depression. I enjoy helping individuals & couples find new ways of relating in order to embrace the complexity of love in their relationships.
(872) 250-5811 View (872) 250-5811
Photo of Emily L Franchi, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Emily L Franchi
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
Not accepting new clients
I am the owner and psychotherapist at Essential Therapy Chicago. I've had years of experience helping clients grow and find emotional healing in private practice settings. In my work, I aim to create an open, welcoming therapy environment where clients feel empowered to make positive changes in their personal lives and relationships. I work with clients to identify their strengths and to set goals of therapy that are exciting and motivating. I base my practice on an integrative approach which allows me to not only provide short-term symptom relief and mood stabilization, but also to foster longer-term growth and self-explorations.
I am the owner and psychotherapist at Essential Therapy Chicago. I've had years of experience helping clients grow and find emotional healing in private practice settings. In my work, I aim to create an open, welcoming therapy environment where clients feel empowered to make positive changes in their personal lives and relationships. I work with clients to identify their strengths and to set goals of therapy that are exciting and motivating. I base my practice on an integrative approach which allows me to not only provide short-term symptom relief and mood stabilization, but also to foster longer-term growth and self-explorations.
(872) 252-7914 View (872) 252-7914
Photo of Dr. Kathryn Brandenborg, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Kathryn Brandenborg
Psychologist, PsyD, EMDR , Trained
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
In a safe and judgement-free relationship where you can first feel heard and understood, I can help you more fully understand the unhelpful relational, emotional, and/or thinking patterns that may need adjusting in order to help you live the life you'd like to live. I will offer support, direct feedback, & coping strategies to provide you with skills and more immediate relief, while we work toward increased insight and improved self-awareness, achieving lasting growth and change.
In a safe and judgement-free relationship where you can first feel heard and understood, I can help you more fully understand the unhelpful relational, emotional, and/or thinking patterns that may need adjusting in order to help you live the life you'd like to live. I will offer support, direct feedback, & coping strategies to provide you with skills and more immediate relief, while we work toward increased insight and improved self-awareness, achieving lasting growth and change.
(866) 884-2704 View (866) 884-2704
Photo of Heather Schultz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Heather Schultz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Heather Schultz, LCSW, is dedicated to helping individuals of all ages and backgrounds overcome anxiety, depression, women's issues, weight loss struggles, and specializes in parent issues, including fostering and adopting.
Heather Schultz, LCSW, is dedicated to helping individuals of all ages and backgrounds overcome anxiety, depression, women's issues, weight loss struggles, and specializes in parent issues, including fostering and adopting.
(224) 434-4191 View (224) 434-4191
Photo of Lisa Butler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lisa Butler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
Have you decided that you are ready to change your life? Do you feel stuck and need help moving forward. Are you a woman having a difficult relationship with your mother? Do you need help setting boundaries with family and friends? Are you looking for strategies to cope with past trauma and painful memories? Are you willing to show up and do the work with me and be fully engaged in the process. Are you willing to try techniques that will empower peace during difficult circumstances? If you answered yes to most of these questions, I’m the therapist for you.
Have you decided that you are ready to change your life? Do you feel stuck and need help moving forward. Are you a woman having a difficult relationship with your mother? Do you need help setting boundaries with family and friends? Are you looking for strategies to cope with past trauma and painful memories? Are you willing to show up and do the work with me and be fully engaged in the process. Are you willing to try techniques that will empower peace during difficult circumstances? If you answered yes to most of these questions, I’m the therapist for you.
(312) 697-4518 View (312) 697-4518
Photo of Lauren Jarreau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lauren Jarreau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
Therapy is a space to feel well again and connect with yourself in a new way. You probably have many roles in your life, and taking care of your mental health may be the last thing on your to-do-list, but it is vital for your daily functioning. Have you ever stopped to think about the quality of your thoughts and how they could be damaging your mindset, your health? Maybe you've believed every limiting thought you've had about yourself because you've been through some really tough times. I understand and my heart goes out to you. The good news is we can change this together. As your therapist, I create a nonjudgmental space to heal.
Therapy is a space to feel well again and connect with yourself in a new way. You probably have many roles in your life, and taking care of your mental health may be the last thing on your to-do-list, but it is vital for your daily functioning. Have you ever stopped to think about the quality of your thoughts and how they could be damaging your mindset, your health? Maybe you've believed every limiting thought you've had about yourself because you've been through some really tough times. I understand and my heart goes out to you. The good news is we can change this together. As your therapist, I create a nonjudgmental space to heal.
(630) 749-2472 View (630) 749-2472
Photo of Lillian Nguyen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Lillian Nguyen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I believe that therapy can enrich people's lives and relationships. It takes strength and courage to reach out for help, and oftentimes the first step is the most difficult. That’s why I emphasize on the development of a trusting relationship before anything else. I use a client-centered approach to help foster a warm and non judgemental environment where my clients can feel confident to explore and make changes to help improve their quality of life. I enjoy the use of play, humor, and warmth to create an enjoyable setting for the therapeutic process to occur.
I believe that therapy can enrich people's lives and relationships. It takes strength and courage to reach out for help, and oftentimes the first step is the most difficult. That’s why I emphasize on the development of a trusting relationship before anything else. I use a client-centered approach to help foster a warm and non judgemental environment where my clients can feel confident to explore and make changes to help improve their quality of life. I enjoy the use of play, humor, and warmth to create an enjoyable setting for the therapeutic process to occur.
(872) 239-3049 View (872) 239-3049
Photo of Maria Zdunek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Maria Zdunek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
My ideal client is a teen, young adult, or adult facing challenges related to life transitions and change. These individuals may be feeling overwhelmed by the changes they are experiencing and struggling to find their footing in a new stage of life. They may be dealing with anxiety, stress, and depression, and feeling unsure of how to move forward. They want to feel confident in their abilities and empowered to take on the challenges of change and transition with greater success. I am here to help them achieve these goals, and provide a safe and supportive environment where they can explore and address their thoughts and feelings.
My ideal client is a teen, young adult, or adult facing challenges related to life transitions and change. These individuals may be feeling overwhelmed by the changes they are experiencing and struggling to find their footing in a new stage of life. They may be dealing with anxiety, stress, and depression, and feeling unsure of how to move forward. They want to feel confident in their abilities and empowered to take on the challenges of change and transition with greater success. I am here to help them achieve these goals, and provide a safe and supportive environment where they can explore and address their thoughts and feelings.
(773) 985-2495 View (773) 985-2495
Photo of Rowyn Kruiswyk, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Rowyn Kruiswyk
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
You may be feeling curious or unclear about how you want to show up in this world. In your past, you may not have had access to a space where you’ve felt valued and empowered to do this exploration work. Yet alone, have someone to guide you through this process of unraveling systemic oppression and societal expectations. In our work, we’ll address those associated fears or anxieties you have related to showing up as all of you. You deserve to move through this journey of discovery with ease, and I am passionate about providing you with that support.
You may be feeling curious or unclear about how you want to show up in this world. In your past, you may not have had access to a space where you’ve felt valued and empowered to do this exploration work. Yet alone, have someone to guide you through this process of unraveling systemic oppression and societal expectations. In our work, we’ll address those associated fears or anxieties you have related to showing up as all of you. You deserve to move through this journey of discovery with ease, and I am passionate about providing you with that support.
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Photo of Ryan Gerut Coyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ryan Gerut Coyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Hello! I am an LCSW, Certified Addiction Specialist, and registered psychotherapist living and practicing in Chicago, Illinois as well providing teletherapy services in Colorado. My areas of expertise include helping clients with depression, anxiety, addiction, and school related issues and have experience in working 1:1, with groups, and within family systems. If you think we might be a good fit for therapy or have any questions please don't hesitate to reach out, looking forward to hearing from you!
Hello! I am an LCSW, Certified Addiction Specialist, and registered psychotherapist living and practicing in Chicago, Illinois as well providing teletherapy services in Colorado. My areas of expertise include helping clients with depression, anxiety, addiction, and school related issues and have experience in working 1:1, with groups, and within family systems. If you think we might be a good fit for therapy or have any questions please don't hesitate to reach out, looking forward to hearing from you!
(970) 713-9220 View (970) 713-9220
Photo of Matthew Amador, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Matthew Amador
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a queer, Mexican-American, therapist who believes you are inherently awesome, and that sometimes our awesomeness needs to be recalibrated from time to time. Whether meeting individually, or as a part of a relationship/polycule, I value working towards opportunities for new growth and a better sense of self-awareness. I use an intersectional approach towards helping you reclaim agency in your life so that you can move forward courageously.
I’m a queer, Mexican-American, therapist who believes you are inherently awesome, and that sometimes our awesomeness needs to be recalibrated from time to time. Whether meeting individually, or as a part of a relationship/polycule, I value working towards opportunities for new growth and a better sense of self-awareness. I use an intersectional approach towards helping you reclaim agency in your life so that you can move forward courageously.
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Photo of Susie Kowalsky, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Susie Kowalsky
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60630  (Online Only)
For most people, the process of making changes is challenging, multi-faceted, layered with complex emotions, and slower than we’d prefer. It is a brave and powerful choice to strive for something new. I aim to normalize and transform therapy to a setting where people can bring their sense of worth, dignity, and pride along with their questions, challenges, and curiosities. One of the first goals in therapy is to develop a strong partnership. As a client, you should feel like you set the pace for therapy and that your therapist is actively trying to understand your experiences and perspective.
For most people, the process of making changes is challenging, multi-faceted, layered with complex emotions, and slower than we’d prefer. It is a brave and powerful choice to strive for something new. I aim to normalize and transform therapy to a setting where people can bring their sense of worth, dignity, and pride along with their questions, challenges, and curiosities. One of the first goals in therapy is to develop a strong partnership. As a client, you should feel like you set the pace for therapy and that your therapist is actively trying to understand your experiences and perspective.
(773) 985-4993 View (773) 985-4993
Photo of Jonah Czerwinskyj, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jonah Czerwinskyj
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60641
Jonah’s approach to therapy is founded on the principle of self-compassion. He firmly believes that building a foundation of self-love and understanding is the first step toward healing and growth. Jonah uses humanistic, cognitive behavioral, and dialectical behavioral therapies to help individuals in fostering self-acceptance, developing coping skills, and building resilience. Jonah helps people to identify their unique strengths to address the ongoing challenges they face.
Jonah’s approach to therapy is founded on the principle of self-compassion. He firmly believes that building a foundation of self-love and understanding is the first step toward healing and growth. Jonah uses humanistic, cognitive behavioral, and dialectical behavioral therapies to help individuals in fostering self-acceptance, developing coping skills, and building resilience. Jonah helps people to identify their unique strengths to address the ongoing challenges they face.
(773) 364-1918 View (773) 364-1918
Photo of Sylvia Chen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sylvia Chen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with setting boundaries with yourself and others? Do you feel like there is a gap between where you currently are and what you want in life? As a Licensed Social Worker, I am committed to helping individuals overcome their mental health challenges and live fulfilling lives. I specialize in working with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, racial and cultural identity, relationships, stress management, life transitions, setting boundaries, and self-esteem.
Are you struggling with setting boundaries with yourself and others? Do you feel like there is a gap between where you currently are and what you want in life? As a Licensed Social Worker, I am committed to helping individuals overcome their mental health challenges and live fulfilling lives. I specialize in working with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, racial and cultural identity, relationships, stress management, life transitions, setting boundaries, and self-esteem.
(872) 278-3760 View (872) 278-3760
Photo of Rhea Brown, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rhea Brown
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Welcome to a space where your experiences are seen, heard, and understood. As a therapist with extensive experience in supporting adults dealing with a range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, & divorce. I am here to walk alongside you on your journey towards healing. This is your journey and your comfort and confidence are paramount to your success. Your well-being is my top priority.
Welcome to a space where your experiences are seen, heard, and understood. As a therapist with extensive experience in supporting adults dealing with a range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, & divorce. I am here to walk alongside you on your journey towards healing. This is your journey and your comfort and confidence are paramount to your success. Your well-being is my top priority.
(312) 626-2258 View (312) 626-2258

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.