Therapists in Austin, TX

View neighborhoods in Austin
Photo of Ellen Smithey, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Ellen Smithey
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, ATR-BC, LPC-A, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78752  (Online Only)
As therapists, we're accustomed to being the ones who provide support, guidance, and empathy to our clients. But what about when therapists themselves need support? What happens when the ones who are supposed to have all the answers find themselves struggling with their own mental health challenges? Being a therapist for other therapists is a unique and deeply rewarding role, a role that I truly excel in. By creating a safe and nonjudgmental space, I understand the unique challenges therapists face, I normalize help-seeking behavior, and model self-care.
As therapists, we're accustomed to being the ones who provide support, guidance, and empathy to our clients. But what about when therapists themselves need support? What happens when the ones who are supposed to have all the answers find themselves struggling with their own mental health challenges? Being a therapist for other therapists is a unique and deeply rewarding role, a role that I truly excel in. By creating a safe and nonjudgmental space, I understand the unique challenges therapists face, I normalize help-seeking behavior, and model self-care.
(512) 262-9503 View (512) 262-9503
Photo of Julie Shaw, LPC Associate in Austin, TX
Julie Shaw
LPC Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78750
Parenting a struggling teen is no easy feat, but you don't have to face it solo. As an experienced therapist, I specialize in supporting both teens and parents through the rollercoaster of adolescence. Let's join forces to restore harmony to your family dynamic. My practice is dedicated to providing specialized therapy for teens and families, offering a secure haven for individuals to tackle obstacles and nurture positive development. I customize my approach to help with a variety of issues, such as anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, trauma, LGBTQ+ and gender-related concerns, and family conflicts.
Parenting a struggling teen is no easy feat, but you don't have to face it solo. As an experienced therapist, I specialize in supporting both teens and parents through the rollercoaster of adolescence. Let's join forces to restore harmony to your family dynamic. My practice is dedicated to providing specialized therapy for teens and families, offering a secure haven for individuals to tackle obstacles and nurture positive development. I customize my approach to help with a variety of issues, such as anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, trauma, LGBTQ+ and gender-related concerns, and family conflicts.
(512) 893-2725 View (512) 893-2725
Photo of Austin B Sheffield, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Austin B Sheffield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78762
As a counselor, my goal is to assist you in finding your purpose in this world. I want to help you discover your values and your meaning through in-depth exploration into your belief system so that you can find the answers to your questions and the power to overcome life's obstacles. Working from an existential philosophy and foundation, I utilize a variety of techniques and tools depending on the needs of the client.
As a counselor, my goal is to assist you in finding your purpose in this world. I want to help you discover your values and your meaning through in-depth exploration into your belief system so that you can find the answers to your questions and the power to overcome life's obstacles. Working from an existential philosophy and foundation, I utilize a variety of techniques and tools depending on the needs of the client.
(512) 881-9092 View (512) 881-9092
Photo of Loren Hudson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Loren Hudson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
Feeling alone, discouraged, or disconnected from your life? With me on your team you will feel empowered to begin seeing your own inner strengths and potential. I am a safe space for LGBTQ+ and an inclusive therapist for those of all backgrounds and religious beliefs. I am happy to help you get started rediscovering the strength and beauty within yourself as an individual. I have experience working with clients who live in the metroplex as well as rural communities.
Feeling alone, discouraged, or disconnected from your life? With me on your team you will feel empowered to begin seeing your own inner strengths and potential. I am a safe space for LGBTQ+ and an inclusive therapist for those of all backgrounds and religious beliefs. I am happy to help you get started rediscovering the strength and beauty within yourself as an individual. I have experience working with clients who live in the metroplex as well as rural communities.
(512) 601-5182 View (512) 601-5182
Photo of Irene M Perez (Bilingual), LPC Associate in Austin, TX
Irene M Perez (Bilingual)
LPC Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78703
I believe in our ability to change, heal, and make decisions that lead to balance and wellbeing. During difficult times, we have the opportunity to discover our inner strength, courage, and resiliency. I am experienced in working with grief and loss, marriage conflict, divorce/break ups, trauma, anxiety and depression. I am committed to compassionately helping clients in their journey towards healing, transformation, and self-discovery.
I believe in our ability to change, heal, and make decisions that lead to balance and wellbeing. During difficult times, we have the opportunity to discover our inner strength, courage, and resiliency. I am experienced in working with grief and loss, marriage conflict, divorce/break ups, trauma, anxiety and depression. I am committed to compassionately helping clients in their journey towards healing, transformation, and self-discovery.
(512) 399-4393 View (512) 399-4393
Photo of Heather L Krol, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Heather L Krol
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
You have worked hard your entire life to do everything right. In a lot of ways, you have succeeded. However, sometimes you can't stand yourself for having "issues." You worry that if others notice, they will see you as weak. So many successful, wonderful people have anxiety, fears, negative thoughts, self-doubt, depression, and feel like they are never enough. I want you to know that you do not have to feel like this forever.
You have worked hard your entire life to do everything right. In a lot of ways, you have succeeded. However, sometimes you can't stand yourself for having "issues." You worry that if others notice, they will see you as weak. So many successful, wonderful people have anxiety, fears, negative thoughts, self-doubt, depression, and feel like they are never enough. I want you to know that you do not have to feel like this forever.
(737) 210-3657 View (737) 210-3657
Photo of Jessie Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jessie Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78703
I naturally work from a strengths-based, client-centered perspective and feel that collaboration and rapport are key components in the therapeutic process. My goal is to help clients heal and flourish in their lives. Through deeper emotional exploration, things that seem to keep getting us "stuck" can be examined and worked through, resulting in true healing and change. In our sessions, I work with my clients in exploring thoughts, emotions, experiences, relationships, behaviors, etc. and together we work towards a healthier and happier life.
I naturally work from a strengths-based, client-centered perspective and feel that collaboration and rapport are key components in the therapeutic process. My goal is to help clients heal and flourish in their lives. Through deeper emotional exploration, things that seem to keep getting us "stuck" can be examined and worked through, resulting in true healing and change. In our sessions, I work with my clients in exploring thoughts, emotions, experiences, relationships, behaviors, etc. and together we work towards a healthier and happier life.
(512) 270-2469 View (512) 270-2469
Photo of Richard Scott Wallace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Richard Scott Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78739
I've provided and supervised counseling services for over 30 years in a variety of settings with all age groups. My experience and training has convinced me of several things i.e., relationships define our sense of self; we look to our relationships for comfort and safety; when we are validated we function better and these important relationships support our continued growth and well-being. I believe successful counseling is a commitment to create a safe place that allows each person to communicate their needs at a deeper, more genuine level, and practice more effective ways of relating to others.
I've provided and supervised counseling services for over 30 years in a variety of settings with all age groups. My experience and training has convinced me of several things i.e., relationships define our sense of self; we look to our relationships for comfort and safety; when we are validated we function better and these important relationships support our continued growth and well-being. I believe successful counseling is a commitment to create a safe place that allows each person to communicate their needs at a deeper, more genuine level, and practice more effective ways of relating to others.
(512) 648-5681 View (512) 648-5681
Photo of Kate Owen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Kate Owen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
You struggle with difficult people and the negative consequences. You engage in problematic overeating, binge eating, or you’re maintaining recovery from another addiction. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other emotional, mental health, and interpersonal issues impact you. You grew up in a dysfunctional family and want to overcome the negative consequences this has for you. You’re managing a persistent mental health condition and want to maximize symptom management. You want to stop the avoidable suffering from the much underdiagnosed and undertreated issue of low self-esteem which complicates other issues.
You struggle with difficult people and the negative consequences. You engage in problematic overeating, binge eating, or you’re maintaining recovery from another addiction. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other emotional, mental health, and interpersonal issues impact you. You grew up in a dysfunctional family and want to overcome the negative consequences this has for you. You’re managing a persistent mental health condition and want to maximize symptom management. You want to stop the avoidable suffering from the much underdiagnosed and undertreated issue of low self-esteem which complicates other issues.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Marvi Arredondo Haynes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Marvi Arredondo Haynes
Marriage & Family Therapist, Austin Psychotherapy, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss and grief, mid-life crisis, disappointment and stagnation are only a few of the reasons an individual seeks counseling. My therapeutic approach in working with an individual is to explore the meaning of life-altering events and to bring understanding and enduring ways to cope. I focus on strengths in the individual and work in a warm, non-judgmental way that feels safe. My role is to provide empathic listening and support while acting as a guide in removing the barriers and patterns that have developed over a lifetime.
Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss and grief, mid-life crisis, disappointment and stagnation are only a few of the reasons an individual seeks counseling. My therapeutic approach in working with an individual is to explore the meaning of life-altering events and to bring understanding and enduring ways to cope. I focus on strengths in the individual and work in a warm, non-judgmental way that feels safe. My role is to provide empathic listening and support while acting as a guide in removing the barriers and patterns that have developed over a lifetime.
(512) 686-1934 View (512) 686-1934
Photo of Christina M Holyoak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Christina M Holyoak
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78749  (Online Only)
You deserve to feel connected and safe in your closest relationships. It is lonely, painful, and frustrating when those relationships aren't going as you'd like. You may be confused about how to help a child who is struggling. You might wonder if you're making the right choices for your child and you may even worry that you're a bad parent. Or, maybe you feel disconnected from a partner. You long to feel close to the person you care about, but years of hurt and bottled up emotion make it difficult to know where to start.
You deserve to feel connected and safe in your closest relationships. It is lonely, painful, and frustrating when those relationships aren't going as you'd like. You may be confused about how to help a child who is struggling. You might wonder if you're making the right choices for your child and you may even worry that you're a bad parent. Or, maybe you feel disconnected from a partner. You long to feel close to the person you care about, but years of hurt and bottled up emotion make it difficult to know where to start.
(512) 548-4174 View (512) 548-4174
Photo of Arielle Frank Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Arielle Frank Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78757
Yellow Chair Counseling is accepting new clients - use the "Schedule Appointment" button on our website! I am passionate about embracing the paradox of accepting ourselves as we are right now, while also committing to change. I believe this is the essence of therapy that leads you towards the fulfilling and joyful life you deserve to be living. When I sit with you, I offer my unconditional acceptance, my calm presence, my sense of humor, and concrete tools that are easy to use and effective. My desire is to cultivate a genuine and compassionate relationship in which we can collaboratively work together towards health and happiness.
Yellow Chair Counseling is accepting new clients - use the "Schedule Appointment" button on our website! I am passionate about embracing the paradox of accepting ourselves as we are right now, while also committing to change. I believe this is the essence of therapy that leads you towards the fulfilling and joyful life you deserve to be living. When I sit with you, I offer my unconditional acceptance, my calm presence, my sense of humor, and concrete tools that are easy to use and effective. My desire is to cultivate a genuine and compassionate relationship in which we can collaboratively work together towards health and happiness.
(512) 960-2108 View (512) 960-2108
Photo of Frances Germany, Counselor in Austin, TX
Frances Germany
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78752  (Online Only)
I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space to allow you to process. You are the author and main character in Your story. I am here to walk along side of you toward in achieving the goals you wish to accomplish. We are better together, and together we can achieve it. Let's glow and grow together.
I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space to allow you to process. You are the author and main character in Your story. I am here to walk along side of you toward in achieving the goals you wish to accomplish. We are better together, and together we can achieve it. Let's glow and grow together.
(737) 302-5479 x1 View (737) 302-5479 x1
Photo of Victoria Shackelford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Victoria Shackelford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFA, MA, LPC, NCC, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
If you or you adolescent child are struggling with the effects of life changing stressful and traumatic events, such as domestic violence, sexual assault, the death of a loved one, the breakup of a long term marriage or a once loving relationship and are seeking help to make your way through the chaos---consider archetypal psychotherapy to make meaning from the way we engage these traumatic difficulties and learn skills for transforming your approach to life. I provide Jungian Psychotherapy services for couples, adults and adolescents suffering, Trauma, Anxiety, PTSD, depression, grief, anger and loss of meaning in life.
If you or you adolescent child are struggling with the effects of life changing stressful and traumatic events, such as domestic violence, sexual assault, the death of a loved one, the breakup of a long term marriage or a once loving relationship and are seeking help to make your way through the chaos---consider archetypal psychotherapy to make meaning from the way we engage these traumatic difficulties and learn skills for transforming your approach to life. I provide Jungian Psychotherapy services for couples, adults and adolescents suffering, Trauma, Anxiety, PTSD, depression, grief, anger and loss of meaning in life.
(210) 468-7214 View (210) 468-7214
Photo of Chantal Pierre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Chantal Pierre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78715  (Online Only)
I am a licensed social worker and contemplative psychotherapist practicing in Texas. I specialize in helping people return to themselves through understanding and attuning to their nervous systems, while rediscovering the wisdom inherent in their own bodies so that they may fully realize their own purpose and have a better sense of belonging. My philosophy centers around the understanding that a client is always the expert of their own life. It emphasizes the importance of witnessing and supporting the client's personal journey, with the overall aim to assist you in improving the quality of your life and your relationships.
I am a licensed social worker and contemplative psychotherapist practicing in Texas. I specialize in helping people return to themselves through understanding and attuning to their nervous systems, while rediscovering the wisdom inherent in their own bodies so that they may fully realize their own purpose and have a better sense of belonging. My philosophy centers around the understanding that a client is always the expert of their own life. It emphasizes the importance of witnessing and supporting the client's personal journey, with the overall aim to assist you in improving the quality of your life and your relationships.
(512) 957-3561 View (512) 957-3561
Photo of Edwardo S. Rodriguez Jr., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Edwardo S. Rodriguez Jr.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78744  (Online Only)
Do you often find yourself minimizing or ignoring feelings like anxiety or sadness because they’re too difficult to deal with? Or telling yourself you shouldn’t complain because you have good things in your life? Do you find yourself checked out? Avoiding people, events, and conversations? Feeling our emotions can be overwhelming and, without help, can lead us to get stuck in fight, flight, or freeze. To better understand your past and what brought you here, we’ll reflect on the role stress has played in your life. You’ll be equipped with the necessary coping skills to be present and enjoy your life. Let’s begin–I’m here with you.
Do you often find yourself minimizing or ignoring feelings like anxiety or sadness because they’re too difficult to deal with? Or telling yourself you shouldn’t complain because you have good things in your life? Do you find yourself checked out? Avoiding people, events, and conversations? Feeling our emotions can be overwhelming and, without help, can lead us to get stuck in fight, flight, or freeze. To better understand your past and what brought you here, we’ll reflect on the role stress has played in your life. You’ll be equipped with the necessary coping skills to be present and enjoy your life. Let’s begin–I’m here with you.
(737) 373-4066 View (737) 373-4066
Photo of Kitty Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Kitty Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy providing practical tools to help you navigate through life's inevitable losses and other challenges. I think of myself as a guide, assisting folks through stuck places or daunting challenges, allowing them to increase resilience and personal empowerment. We are living in fascinating times, which can be both exhilarating and terrifying. I encourage embracing the sometimes messy entirety of what life rolls out for each individual.
I enjoy providing practical tools to help you navigate through life's inevitable losses and other challenges. I think of myself as a guide, assisting folks through stuck places or daunting challenges, allowing them to increase resilience and personal empowerment. We are living in fascinating times, which can be both exhilarating and terrifying. I encourage embracing the sometimes messy entirety of what life rolls out for each individual.
(512) 649-0026 View (512) 649-0026
Photo of Krissy Wappler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Krissy Wappler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78738
There are many reasons people seek therapy. You are not alone. Are you feeling confused, overwhelmed, falling back into your old thoughts and behaviors? Are you exhausted from a history of dealing with anxiety and/or depression? Or are you concerned for a loved one that may be going through something like this and you are affected but not quite sure how to address what's happening?
There are many reasons people seek therapy. You are not alone. Are you feeling confused, overwhelmed, falling back into your old thoughts and behaviors? Are you exhausted from a history of dealing with anxiety and/or depression? Or are you concerned for a loved one that may be going through something like this and you are affected but not quite sure how to address what's happening?
(512) 710-0075 View (512) 710-0075
Photo of Dave Wofford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Dave Wofford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Not accepting new clients
SORRY, I'M NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Here's a nickel's worth of free advice: These listings are a good place to start (kudos for seeking support - there is not a single one of us who doesn't need it), but there is no paragraph so eloquent that it can substitute for sitting down with someone and finding out who they are and how it feels to talk with them. Meet with as many people as is necessary to find someone you truly trust. Don't settle. There are lots of therapists - yours should be awesome.
SORRY, I'M NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Here's a nickel's worth of free advice: These listings are a good place to start (kudos for seeking support - there is not a single one of us who doesn't need it), but there is no paragraph so eloquent that it can substitute for sitting down with someone and finding out who they are and how it feels to talk with them. Meet with as many people as is necessary to find someone you truly trust. Don't settle. There are lots of therapists - yours should be awesome.
(512) 271-5220 View (512) 271-5220
Photo of Libby Banks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Libby Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
As an autistic person, my treatment is embedded in a philosophy of affirming care that respects neurodiversity and differences. I have an affinity for providing services to LGBTQ+ teens. I work collaboratively to figure out each individual's goals and treatment needs. My clients have often felt misunderstood, unseen, marginalized, or have struggled with substance abuse. In our work together, I seek to provide clients with an experience of repair: if I don't understand, I will clarify and try harder. If I mess up, I will apologize. And I will always do my best to see the person sitting in front of me.
As an autistic person, my treatment is embedded in a philosophy of affirming care that respects neurodiversity and differences. I have an affinity for providing services to LGBTQ+ teens. I work collaboratively to figure out each individual's goals and treatment needs. My clients have often felt misunderstood, unseen, marginalized, or have struggled with substance abuse. In our work together, I seek to provide clients with an experience of repair: if I don't understand, I will clarify and try harder. If I mess up, I will apologize. And I will always do my best to see the person sitting in front of me.
(512) 559-1577 View (512) 559-1577

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.