Therapists in Kirkwood, MO

Photo of Kelly Locker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Kelly Locker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CHT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
*Winner-Best of Kirkwood, 4 consecutive years in Counseling & Mental Health, 2016-2019! Welcome. Life can be hard, but I am committed to identifying and resolving your painful problem, getting you the Results you want quickly. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Hypnotherapist, providing you a safe, comfortable and supportive environment in which to achieve your Success! My approach is holistic and integrative, which means I use a variety of techniques and interventions to target the whole person (mind, body, and spirit) and I tailor them to each client and their unique, individual needs.
*Winner-Best of Kirkwood, 4 consecutive years in Counseling & Mental Health, 2016-2019! Welcome. Life can be hard, but I am committed to identifying and resolving your painful problem, getting you the Results you want quickly. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Hypnotherapist, providing you a safe, comfortable and supportive environment in which to achieve your Success! My approach is holistic and integrative, which means I use a variety of techniques and interventions to target the whole person (mind, body, and spirit) and I tailor them to each client and their unique, individual needs.
(314) 720-6124 View (314) 720-6124
Photo of Joy Gillespie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Joy Gillespie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
My clients describe me as someone they feel safe and comfortable with, someone they feel they can trust, and someone that genuinely cares for them. Some of my clients describe themselves as perfectionists or high achievers; others identify as "people pleasers" struggling with setting healthy boundaries. Many of my clients have unhealed childhood wounds, and struggle with anxiety, depression or interpersonal relationship issues. It is my passion to help my clients figure out why they feel or react the way they do so that they can feel "good enough" about themselves on the inside and build healthier relationship with others.
My clients describe me as someone they feel safe and comfortable with, someone they feel they can trust, and someone that genuinely cares for them. Some of my clients describe themselves as perfectionists or high achievers; others identify as "people pleasers" struggling with setting healthy boundaries. Many of my clients have unhealed childhood wounds, and struggle with anxiety, depression or interpersonal relationship issues. It is my passion to help my clients figure out why they feel or react the way they do so that they can feel "good enough" about themselves on the inside and build healthier relationship with others.
(314) 501-7828 View (314) 501-7828
Photo of Sarah Tyndall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Sarah Tyndall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Waitlist for new clients
Do your relationships cause you to feel anxious or depressed? Do you want to quit or cut back your substance use but find it difficult? Is your anxiety getting in the way of your goals and living? I provide a warm, safe, trauma informed environment. Asking for help and starting the process of change and growth is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. It takes time, and we will go at your pace, making sure that your needs are being met. You are an expert in you!
Do your relationships cause you to feel anxious or depressed? Do you want to quit or cut back your substance use but find it difficult? Is your anxiety getting in the way of your goals and living? I provide a warm, safe, trauma informed environment. Asking for help and starting the process of change and growth is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. It takes time, and we will go at your pace, making sure that your needs are being met. You are an expert in you!
(314) 860-7526 View (314) 860-7526
Photo of Nancy Albus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Nancy Albus
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , NCC, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
My general approach with working with clients for over 20 years is highly individualized, relational and strengthen based. I believe most clients simply need an environment to communicate, process feelings and gain insight in order to create a more fulfilling and meaningful life. I offer individual therapy for adolescents, adults and family therapy. My passion has always been treating eating disorders and the underlying causes such as depression and anxiety. Another clinical passion and area of focus has been assisting women and mothers with identity development and navigating life transitions.
My general approach with working with clients for over 20 years is highly individualized, relational and strengthen based. I believe most clients simply need an environment to communicate, process feelings and gain insight in order to create a more fulfilling and meaningful life. I offer individual therapy for adolescents, adults and family therapy. My passion has always been treating eating disorders and the underlying causes such as depression and anxiety. Another clinical passion and area of focus has been assisting women and mothers with identity development and navigating life transitions.
(314) 526-2550 View (314) 526-2550
Photo of Amanda Northcutt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Amanda Northcutt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Now, more than ever, people are struggling with the day-to-day battles and frustrations of life which can leave them feeling defeated and exhausted. You can learn to take back control and live a life that leaves you excited to wake up every morning. My ideal client is someone who is ready to engage in a collaborative journey towards healing and personal growth. I work best with individuals who are open to self-reflection, eager to explore their emotions and experiences, and motivated to make positive changes in their lives.
Now, more than ever, people are struggling with the day-to-day battles and frustrations of life which can leave them feeling defeated and exhausted. You can learn to take back control and live a life that leaves you excited to wake up every morning. My ideal client is someone who is ready to engage in a collaborative journey towards healing and personal growth. I work best with individuals who are open to self-reflection, eager to explore their emotions and experiences, and motivated to make positive changes in their lives.
(314) 804-3725 View (314) 804-3725
Photo of Sarah Perry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Sarah Perry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP, BCN
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I'm Sarah, a therapist serving clients with attachment and developmental struggles, eating disorders/disordered eating, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders, and mood disorders. I believe (and research shows) that a strong, safe therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in healing. My goal is for you to feel heard, seen, and understood as I walk alongside you in your healing process. No matter your story or lived experience, we will work together to create a safe and supportive space to help you feel empowered and to help you connect authentically with yourself and with others.
Hi! I'm Sarah, a therapist serving clients with attachment and developmental struggles, eating disorders/disordered eating, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders, and mood disorders. I believe (and research shows) that a strong, safe therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in healing. My goal is for you to feel heard, seen, and understood as I walk alongside you in your healing process. No matter your story or lived experience, we will work together to create a safe and supportive space to help you feel empowered and to help you connect authentically with yourself and with others.
(314) 527-2325 View (314) 527-2325
Photo of Dr. Tammy Root, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kirkwood, MO
Dr. Tammy Root
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, MS, NCC, PLPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Seeking therapy for an eating disorder or food-related concern is a brave first step toward healing and I am glad you are here. I am a dedicated provisionally licensed therapist specializing in eating disorders with a strong foundation in scientific research and a passion for fostering healing. I am a Nationally Board-Certified Counselor, who holds both a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and in Psychology. I also have a PhD in Human Development and Family Studies and worked in the Eating Disorders Program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Seeking therapy for an eating disorder or food-related concern is a brave first step toward healing and I am glad you are here. I am a dedicated provisionally licensed therapist specializing in eating disorders with a strong foundation in scientific research and a passion for fostering healing. I am a Nationally Board-Certified Counselor, who holds both a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and in Psychology. I also have a PhD in Human Development and Family Studies and worked in the Eating Disorders Program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
(636) 275-1677 View (636) 275-1677
Photo of Krista Jarvis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Krista Jarvis
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
I often work with adults who are at major points of transition in their lives (loss of a loved one, a health diagnosis, job change, relationship beginning or ending, etc.). Of course, that is when a lot of us seek therapy. Healthcare professionals and people in executive or leadership positions benefit from my experience in providing support for the complexity of challenges that having a high pressure career often creates. My early career focused on intimacy and relationships and over time I've gotten skilled at helping individuals overcome attachment and relationship issues.
I often work with adults who are at major points of transition in their lives (loss of a loved one, a health diagnosis, job change, relationship beginning or ending, etc.). Of course, that is when a lot of us seek therapy. Healthcare professionals and people in executive or leadership positions benefit from my experience in providing support for the complexity of challenges that having a high pressure career often creates. My early career focused on intimacy and relationships and over time I've gotten skilled at helping individuals overcome attachment and relationship issues.
(314) 668-2233 View (314) 668-2233
Photo of Alyssa Edwards, Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Alyssa Edwards
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
As a counselor, my goal is to provide my clients the space and support which help them feel safe and comfortable to feel, think, change, grow and explore. I utilize a warm, empathetic, motivational and encouraging style of communication with my clients in order to help them seek changes and growth they desire for they lives. I utilize many theories and techniques from multiple types of therapy in order to find the best fit for each individual client. I also utilize humor (when appropriate) when you need someone to share joy with. Please see below for my specializations.
As a counselor, my goal is to provide my clients the space and support which help them feel safe and comfortable to feel, think, change, grow and explore. I utilize a warm, empathetic, motivational and encouraging style of communication with my clients in order to help them seek changes and growth they desire for they lives. I utilize many theories and techniques from multiple types of therapy in order to find the best fit for each individual client. I also utilize humor (when appropriate) when you need someone to share joy with. Please see below for my specializations.
(314) 582-0449 View (314) 582-0449
Photo of James Feinberg, Psychologist in Kirkwood, MO
James Feinberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I am a Child Clinical Psychologist with more than 30 years experience. Child Clinical Psychologists are highly educated & extensively trained in evaluating & treating children, teens, & their families. There are very few of child clinical psychologists in the St. Louis, Missouri area, probably because we typically attend graduate school 6-8 years! So, if your son is struggling, and you are seeking a true expert on boys and teenage boys, look no further for exceptional care. Approximately 45+ five star Google reviews says it all with regard to above and beyond quality of care.
I am a Child Clinical Psychologist with more than 30 years experience. Child Clinical Psychologists are highly educated & extensively trained in evaluating & treating children, teens, & their families. There are very few of child clinical psychologists in the St. Louis, Missouri area, probably because we typically attend graduate school 6-8 years! So, if your son is struggling, and you are seeking a true expert on boys and teenage boys, look no further for exceptional care. Approximately 45+ five star Google reviews says it all with regard to above and beyond quality of care.
(314) 828-5364 View (314) 828-5364
Photo of Ashley Menard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Ashley Menard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients at this time. Abundant Minds is here to help you restore a sense of empowerment in your life. In our therapeutic healing approach of connecting the mind and body, you can establish a warrior mindset that allows you to feel a greater sense of balance, strength, and flexibility through life. ​
Not accepting new clients at this time. Abundant Minds is here to help you restore a sense of empowerment in your life. In our therapeutic healing approach of connecting the mind and body, you can establish a warrior mindset that allows you to feel a greater sense of balance, strength, and flexibility through life. ​
(314) 626-9023 View (314) 626-9023
Photo of Michael A Midiri III, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Michael A Midiri III
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life gets uncomfortable, and there may be days where it feels like you expend all of your energy just getting through the day. I will work with you to not only ‘look back’ at the choices, events or biological factors that may have caused the current distress or situation, but also gently guide you to a place of personal change and healing.
Sometimes life gets uncomfortable, and there may be days where it feels like you expend all of your energy just getting through the day. I will work with you to not only ‘look back’ at the choices, events or biological factors that may have caused the current distress or situation, but also gently guide you to a place of personal change and healing.
(314) 350-5916 View (314) 350-5916
Photo of Tracey Sue Pearson-Heaney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Tracey Sue Pearson-Heaney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
When feeling sad, overwhelmed, anxious, or when recovering from trauma, finding a therapist who can quietly listen is very important. As a therapist with 14 years experience I know how to use therapeutic methods to help clients cope with their mental health. I have successfully treated clients asking for help coping with depression, anxiety, bipolar, trauma and individuals who have suffered a head injury enjoy life again. However, I believe it is my calm and quiet nature along with my ability to listen which creates the best environment for healing.
When feeling sad, overwhelmed, anxious, or when recovering from trauma, finding a therapist who can quietly listen is very important. As a therapist with 14 years experience I know how to use therapeutic methods to help clients cope with their mental health. I have successfully treated clients asking for help coping with depression, anxiety, bipolar, trauma and individuals who have suffered a head injury enjoy life again. However, I believe it is my calm and quiet nature along with my ability to listen which creates the best environment for healing.
(314) 804-3271 View (314) 804-3271
Photo of Tess Hardison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Tess Hardison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Hello! It's an honor to cross paths as you take this courageous leap into transformative change. I believe that all humans from all walks of life are inherently deserving of healing and have a great capacity to do so. Nevertheless, this is much easier said than done. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process built upon compassion, vulnerability, authenticity and mutual respect. One of my favorite parts about being a therapist is not only supporting others in better understanding themselves, but being able to witness the transformation that happens when we are able to expand our capacity to tolerate challenges and heal.
Hello! It's an honor to cross paths as you take this courageous leap into transformative change. I believe that all humans from all walks of life are inherently deserving of healing and have a great capacity to do so. Nevertheless, this is much easier said than done. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process built upon compassion, vulnerability, authenticity and mutual respect. One of my favorite parts about being a therapist is not only supporting others in better understanding themselves, but being able to witness the transformation that happens when we are able to expand our capacity to tolerate challenges and heal.
(314) 936-4619 View (314) 936-4619
Photo of Hannah Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kirkwood, MO
Hannah Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I believe healing happens when we are reoriented toward what is truly good for us and entertain the possibility of more of it. You've learned ways to get by in life, and you pull it off well, maybe even perfectly. But along the way, you've picked up burdens you can't seem to set down. You're overwhelmed, and some days you aren't sure who you are anymore. There is a small part of you that wonders if maybe there's something more for your life, or if maybe there's a way forward that doesn't feel so hard.
I believe healing happens when we are reoriented toward what is truly good for us and entertain the possibility of more of it. You've learned ways to get by in life, and you pull it off well, maybe even perfectly. But along the way, you've picked up burdens you can't seem to set down. You're overwhelmed, and some days you aren't sure who you are anymore. There is a small part of you that wonders if maybe there's something more for your life, or if maybe there's a way forward that doesn't feel so hard.
(314) 804-3495 View (314) 804-3495
Photo of Kelsey Schumacher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Kelsey Schumacher
Licensed Professional Counselor, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I work with individuals with a variety of mental health diagnosis and concerns. Some people come to counseling to process a traumatic event, some come to talk about the stress they're experiencing at their job, and some come just to learn about why they haven't been feeling their best emotionally lately. If you feel like you could even pinpoint exactly why you feel how you do, but it just doesn't make it better, I'm the counselor for you. I don't just help you figure out why, I help you DO something with what you learn about yourself so you can move past any barriers you have.
I work with individuals with a variety of mental health diagnosis and concerns. Some people come to counseling to process a traumatic event, some come to talk about the stress they're experiencing at their job, and some come just to learn about why they haven't been feeling their best emotionally lately. If you feel like you could even pinpoint exactly why you feel how you do, but it just doesn't make it better, I'm the counselor for you. I don't just help you figure out why, I help you DO something with what you learn about yourself so you can move past any barriers you have.
(314) 736-3413 View (314) 736-3413
Photo of Heiser Counseling and Healing Arts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Heiser Counseling and Healing Arts
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I enjoy helping people become self-aware, accepting, heal and improve their quality of life and relationships. I use a variety of approaches, including client centered, strengthbased, focused on goals set with client. I enjoy helping people grow, and become self and spiritually aware. I work with children, (6 -19), and adults dealing with PTSD, trauma, anxiety, attachments issues, relationships, addictions, and mortality. I enjoy working with individuals, partners, couples and families. I believe in the power of focused healing, increased awareness, acceptence, hope and love.
I enjoy helping people become self-aware, accepting, heal and improve their quality of life and relationships. I use a variety of approaches, including client centered, strengthbased, focused on goals set with client. I enjoy helping people grow, and become self and spiritually aware. I work with children, (6 -19), and adults dealing with PTSD, trauma, anxiety, attachments issues, relationships, addictions, and mortality. I enjoy working with individuals, partners, couples and families. I believe in the power of focused healing, increased awareness, acceptence, hope and love.
(618) 712-0291 View (618) 712-0291
Photo of Jeff Creamer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kirkwood, MO
Jeff Creamer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
As a counselor my primary focus is on you, the client. I understand that seeking therapy can be a courageous step towards personal growth and healing. My goal is to provide a safe and empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges without judgment. With a background in both inpatient and outpatient counseling settings, I have gained valuable experience in helping individuals facing a wide range of mental health issues. I am passionate about tailoring my approach to meet your unique needs and goals.
As a counselor my primary focus is on you, the client. I understand that seeking therapy can be a courageous step towards personal growth and healing. My goal is to provide a safe and empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges without judgment. With a background in both inpatient and outpatient counseling settings, I have gained valuable experience in helping individuals facing a wide range of mental health issues. I am passionate about tailoring my approach to meet your unique needs and goals.
(314) 300-7930 View (314) 300-7930
Photo of Creating Your Journey in Kirkwood, MO
Creating Your Journey
MA, LPC, ATR, CEDS-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Are you struggling with disordered eating, negative body image, anxiety, depression, and/or unresolved trauma? Creating Your Journey has three therapist that specializes in treating eating disorders, body dysmorphia, mood disorder and trauma related disorders.
Are you struggling with disordered eating, negative body image, anxiety, depression, and/or unresolved trauma? Creating Your Journey has three therapist that specializes in treating eating disorders, body dysmorphia, mood disorder and trauma related disorders.
(314) 833-8865 View (314) 833-8865
Photo of Caitie DuMontier Fahrner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Caitie DuMontier Fahrner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
You are here for a reason, and I am here to support you in your journey. I provide a welcoming therapeutic environment that offers a safe place to facilitate change, promote personal growth, and learn new strategies and coping skills to manage distress. I value each individual that I work with and tailor my therapy practice to meet you at your level of comfort during our sessions. My goal is to collaborate with you to understand your current concerns and work together to find your path to peace and healing.
You are here for a reason, and I am here to support you in your journey. I provide a welcoming therapeutic environment that offers a safe place to facilitate change, promote personal growth, and learn new strategies and coping skills to manage distress. I value each individual that I work with and tailor my therapy practice to meet you at your level of comfort during our sessions. My goal is to collaborate with you to understand your current concerns and work together to find your path to peace and healing.
(844) 280-0038 View (844) 280-0038

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kirkwood, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Kirkwood, MO who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Kirkwood, MO see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kirkwood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.