Therapists in West Chester, PA

Photo of Paree Stoulis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Paree Stoulis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
Paree Stoulis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who received her Master's Degree in Social Work from Rutgers University. She has been working in the mental health field for 40 years. She sees adults (over 21) who experience anxiety and depression using a Cognitive Behavioral Approach. She has worked with Delaware County Professional Services/LifeStance Health for 27 years.
Paree Stoulis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who received her Master's Degree in Social Work from Rutgers University. She has been working in the mental health field for 40 years. She sees adults (over 21) who experience anxiety and depression using a Cognitive Behavioral Approach. She has worked with Delaware County Professional Services/LifeStance Health for 27 years.
(484) 564-5424 View (484) 564-5424
Photo of Michelle Perna, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Michelle Perna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
(484) 749-0921 View (484) 749-0921
Photo of Elaine L Goldhammer in West Chester, PA
Elaine L Goldhammer
MD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
I offer a safe, fast, and effective combination of hypnotherapy and life coaching to help every client gain relief from mental and physical suffering. Clients are often unsure why they stay stuck in anxiety cycles in their lives, or can't stay on track with their health or their goals. Hypnotherapy is a direct way to uncover the subconscious thought patterns and solve the problem at the source. Inner Freedom Therapy can be used in conjunction with traditional therapy. It works well as a turbo booster to more traditional therapy or as a stand-alone resolution to emotional suffering around life, body, and/or health.
I offer a safe, fast, and effective combination of hypnotherapy and life coaching to help every client gain relief from mental and physical suffering. Clients are often unsure why they stay stuck in anxiety cycles in their lives, or can't stay on track with their health or their goals. Hypnotherapy is a direct way to uncover the subconscious thought patterns and solve the problem at the source. Inner Freedom Therapy can be used in conjunction with traditional therapy. It works well as a turbo booster to more traditional therapy or as a stand-alone resolution to emotional suffering around life, body, and/or health.
(610) 632-7857 View (610) 632-7857
Leah Yarmus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
There are so many reasons to seek out therapy. Maybe you have been in therapy for years, maybe this is your first time. Whatever the reason or your experience, I am glad that you are here. Therapy can be a brave space that we build to reflect on what is happening for you, to process the road that led you here and to set in place obtainable, sustainable response strategies. To do so, we will incorporate a blend of somatic and psychodynamic therapies to unpack current, historical and intergenerational traumas.
There are so many reasons to seek out therapy. Maybe you have been in therapy for years, maybe this is your first time. Whatever the reason or your experience, I am glad that you are here. Therapy can be a brave space that we build to reflect on what is happening for you, to process the road that led you here and to set in place obtainable, sustainable response strategies. To do so, we will incorporate a blend of somatic and psychodynamic therapies to unpack current, historical and intergenerational traumas.
(484) 772-2994 View (484) 772-2994
Photo of Nicole O'Leary, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Nicole O'Leary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
If you are feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed I want to thank you for searching here for help. Navigating through hardships - big or small - is difficult. I would love to be that support for you! Have you been searching for a non-judgmental space that is just for you? I'm so glad you made it here.
If you are feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed I want to thank you for searching here for help. Navigating through hardships - big or small - is difficult. I would love to be that support for you! Have you been searching for a non-judgmental space that is just for you? I'm so glad you made it here.
(484) 613-3880 View (484) 613-3880
David C Terjanian
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
Dr. Terjanian is a cognitive-interpersonal psychotherapist in practice for over 25 years. He has worked with the challenges people of all ages experience including depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, addictions, marriage and family difficulties and stress management. His experience ranges from behavioral strategies with parents of young children to concerns of people in their 90's. Additionally, he worked as a school psychologist for 10 years. Dr. Terjanian uses problem solving strategies for people to move forward in their lives. He wants to help you discern how to make healthy changes in your life.
Dr. Terjanian is a cognitive-interpersonal psychotherapist in practice for over 25 years. He has worked with the challenges people of all ages experience including depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, addictions, marriage and family difficulties and stress management. His experience ranges from behavioral strategies with parents of young children to concerns of people in their 90's. Additionally, he worked as a school psychologist for 10 years. Dr. Terjanian uses problem solving strategies for people to move forward in their lives. He wants to help you discern how to make healthy changes in your life.
(484) 652-8333 View (484) 652-8333
Photo of Maria Christina Salomone Gabelberger, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Maria Christina Salomone Gabelberger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
In my experience, inside every person there is a psychological center, like a ‘Light’ leading us to love, healing, joy and growth. In a deep place in each of us, it is always present, though sometimes hidden. Known by many different names and through many different senses - center, core, soul, real-self, heart or unconscious, it is wise and kind and delights to do no harm, and intends only good. We all have a longing to connect to this profound potential, goodness and love within ourselves, within others and in all. I enjoy supporting folks in their journey back to this connection.
In my experience, inside every person there is a psychological center, like a ‘Light’ leading us to love, healing, joy and growth. In a deep place in each of us, it is always present, though sometimes hidden. Known by many different names and through many different senses - center, core, soul, real-self, heart or unconscious, it is wise and kind and delights to do no harm, and intends only good. We all have a longing to connect to this profound potential, goodness and love within ourselves, within others and in all. I enjoy supporting folks in their journey back to this connection.
(610) 915-8793 View (610) 915-8793
Photo of Kaitlyn Peabody, Marriage & Family Therapist in West Chester, PA
Kaitlyn Peabody
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I'm Kate and I have a special interest in working with adults (18+) dealing with self-esteem/self-worth issues; grief; recovery from the effects of physical, sexual, and emotional trauma; toxic relationships; and those dealing with strenuous, intrusive, or difficult parent/adult-child relationships. I believe that improving our interpersonal relationships, and as well as understanding recurring themes in our lives, are imperative for a better understanding, acceptance, respect, compassion, and love for ourselves. I'm able to see clients virtually in PA, DE, NJ, and FL.
Hi! I'm Kate and I have a special interest in working with adults (18+) dealing with self-esteem/self-worth issues; grief; recovery from the effects of physical, sexual, and emotional trauma; toxic relationships; and those dealing with strenuous, intrusive, or difficult parent/adult-child relationships. I believe that improving our interpersonal relationships, and as well as understanding recurring themes in our lives, are imperative for a better understanding, acceptance, respect, compassion, and love for ourselves. I'm able to see clients virtually in PA, DE, NJ, and FL.
(215) 770-0026 View (215) 770-0026
Photo of Leilany Davila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Leilany Davila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
I treat Anxiety, depression, lack of self-acceptance, and grief problems. I help with the management of anxiety symptoms and depression, helping you to develop coping skills to manage your every day. I help clients identify and challenge cognitive distortions and replace them with positive affirmations. I will teach some mindfulness meditation to help you when anxious & help you obtain a better understanding of your mental health to cope with your emotions.
I treat Anxiety, depression, lack of self-acceptance, and grief problems. I help with the management of anxiety symptoms and depression, helping you to develop coping skills to manage your every day. I help clients identify and challenge cognitive distortions and replace them with positive affirmations. I will teach some mindfulness meditation to help you when anxious & help you obtain a better understanding of your mental health to cope with your emotions.
(484) 291-3706 View (484) 291-3706
Photo of Thomas W Spierling, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Thomas W Spierling
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
As a licensed psychologist, I have had extensive experience assisting different types of people confronting numerous issues. I understand the process of personal growth and know that people possess a remarkable ability to change. Since a sound therapeutic relationship is essential for success, clients must experience safety and trust. Therefore, I use an integrative approach which is engaged, collaborative and individualizes treatment for each client. Clients are supported and encouraged to take an active role in the therapeutic process, build upon their strengths, establish new learnings and implement genuine changes in their lives.
As a licensed psychologist, I have had extensive experience assisting different types of people confronting numerous issues. I understand the process of personal growth and know that people possess a remarkable ability to change. Since a sound therapeutic relationship is essential for success, clients must experience safety and trust. Therefore, I use an integrative approach which is engaged, collaborative and individualizes treatment for each client. Clients are supported and encouraged to take an active role in the therapeutic process, build upon their strengths, establish new learnings and implement genuine changes in their lives.
(610) 915-8025 View (610) 915-8025
Photo of Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker, LPC Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Bachelor's degree in Psychology, a Master's degree in Clinical Counseling with a focus in trauma studies, and a Certification as a trauma professional. As a Certified Trauma Professional Karlie is passionate in assisting clients navigate their trauma and heal from the wounds created. She began her career working with individuals struggling with addiction which allowed her to gain knowledge on helping people cope with their addictions and the problems often associated.
Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker, LPC Karlie Greenhalgh-Stricker is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Bachelor's degree in Psychology, a Master's degree in Clinical Counseling with a focus in trauma studies, and a Certification as a trauma professional. As a Certified Trauma Professional Karlie is passionate in assisting clients navigate their trauma and heal from the wounds created. She began her career working with individuals struggling with addiction which allowed her to gain knowledge on helping people cope with their addictions and the problems often associated.
(484) 604-2746 View (484) 604-2746
Photo of David Joseph Meyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
David Joseph Meyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, E-RYT
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
I am a psychotherapist who is dedicated to supporting my clients in cultivating a deeper sense of belonging, purpose, and emotional freedom. With a focus on mental health issues, addictions, and relational traumas, I embarked on my professional journey working with young men in early recovery. Since then, I have worked across various levels of care, including detox, acute psych, and intensive outpatient settings. I currently have a few openings in my private practice and would love to offer you a free consultation to see if your needs match with my offerings.
I am a psychotherapist who is dedicated to supporting my clients in cultivating a deeper sense of belonging, purpose, and emotional freedom. With a focus on mental health issues, addictions, and relational traumas, I embarked on my professional journey working with young men in early recovery. Since then, I have worked across various levels of care, including detox, acute psych, and intensive outpatient settings. I currently have a few openings in my private practice and would love to offer you a free consultation to see if your needs match with my offerings.
(610) 553-3527 View (610) 553-3527
Photo of Dr. Kevin A Hoffman, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Dr. Kevin A Hoffman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Kevin Hoffman, PsyD, is a licensed psychologist located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. His therapeutic approach is both holistic and eclectic, incorporating empirically supported cognitive-behavioral modalities tailored to the needs of each client. Dr. Hoffman specializes in working with those drawn to personal development and self-improvement who are prepared and willing to make necessary changes to improve their quality of life. He works with motivated adults seeking to achieve new levels of personal wellness.
Kevin Hoffman, PsyD, is a licensed psychologist located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. His therapeutic approach is both holistic and eclectic, incorporating empirically supported cognitive-behavioral modalities tailored to the needs of each client. Dr. Hoffman specializes in working with those drawn to personal development and self-improvement who are prepared and willing to make necessary changes to improve their quality of life. He works with motivated adults seeking to achieve new levels of personal wellness.
(484) 441-0074 View (484) 441-0074
Photo of Elijah Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Elijah Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Are you trying to learn more about yourself and how you can best navigate your world? Are you exploring all parts of your identity and what makes you "you"? I have focused primarily on identity-related challenges, including Gender/Sexuality exploration, Race/Ethnic identity concerns, Religious/Cultural trauma, and Sex/Intimacy issues. I also have experience helping clients navigate issues related to depression, anxiety, and ADHD/Neurodivergent disorders. I'm here to be a collaborative and warm therapist who isn't going to throw a therapy book at them but instead wants someone who sees them as human beings walking through life.
Are you trying to learn more about yourself and how you can best navigate your world? Are you exploring all parts of your identity and what makes you "you"? I have focused primarily on identity-related challenges, including Gender/Sexuality exploration, Race/Ethnic identity concerns, Religious/Cultural trauma, and Sex/Intimacy issues. I also have experience helping clients navigate issues related to depression, anxiety, and ADHD/Neurodivergent disorders. I'm here to be a collaborative and warm therapist who isn't going to throw a therapy book at them but instead wants someone who sees them as human beings walking through life.
(484) 623-6674 View (484) 623-6674
Photo of Lizzie Birmingham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Lizzie Birmingham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
My ideal population is adults struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, stress, or substance use - however I believe that everyone deserves to have a therapist who is dedicated to them, and I would never turn away a client unless their needs were out of my scope of practice. My ideal client is someone who is motivated for therapy and is willing to learn.
My ideal population is adults struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, stress, or substance use - however I believe that everyone deserves to have a therapist who is dedicated to them, and I would never turn away a client unless their needs were out of my scope of practice. My ideal client is someone who is motivated for therapy and is willing to learn.
(484) 613-3418 View (484) 613-3418
Photo of Welsley Brutto, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Chester, PA
Welsley Brutto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
There are times we can become stuck in life's challenges. We find ourselves discouraged knowing how we would like things to be or how we would like to feel but find ourselves unable to navigate the best course. I enjoy helping clients navigate such challenges and develop a greater understanding of themselves while focusing on goals.
There are times we can become stuck in life's challenges. We find ourselves discouraged knowing how we would like things to be or how we would like to feel but find ourselves unable to navigate the best course. I enjoy helping clients navigate such challenges and develop a greater understanding of themselves while focusing on goals.
(610) 365-7994 View (610) 365-7994
Photo of Toni Marie Giordano, Psychologist in West Chester, PA
Toni Marie Giordano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Not accepting new clients
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
(484) 786-0464 View (484) 786-0464
Photo of Child And Young Adult Therapist Andi Peters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Child And Young Adult Therapist Andi Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
I enjoy empowering young people to pursue peace and healing within themselves, become aware of patterns that have been holding them back, & become confident in their own abilities. I believe we all experience our own unique set of circumstances that subconsciously affect our emotional well-being, our relationships, how we see ourselves, and our interactions in the world. I use a holistic approach in therapy, which means, I look at all aspects of your internal and external environment to help you gain understanding, and discover your best self to begin healing.
I enjoy empowering young people to pursue peace and healing within themselves, become aware of patterns that have been holding them back, & become confident in their own abilities. I believe we all experience our own unique set of circumstances that subconsciously affect our emotional well-being, our relationships, how we see ourselves, and our interactions in the world. I use a holistic approach in therapy, which means, I look at all aspects of your internal and external environment to help you gain understanding, and discover your best self to begin healing.
(215) 608-5374 View (215) 608-5374
Photo of Marisa Bentley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Chester, PA
Marisa Bentley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
My ideal client is ready for lasting change and is actively engaging in their therapeutic journey. They're open to discussing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These clients may be looking for understanding and support without judgment. A client who is committed to meaningful goals and willing to invest time and effort into personal growth is awesome to work with. An ideal client may seek guidance on coping with their own challenges or personal decisions but is open to embracing new perspectives. An ideal client of mine is willing to invest time and effort into their own personal growth.
My ideal client is ready for lasting change and is actively engaging in their therapeutic journey. They're open to discussing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These clients may be looking for understanding and support without judgment. A client who is committed to meaningful goals and willing to invest time and effort into personal growth is awesome to work with. An ideal client may seek guidance on coping with their own challenges or personal decisions but is open to embracing new perspectives. An ideal client of mine is willing to invest time and effort into their own personal growth.
(484) 864-6687 View (484) 864-6687
Photo of James William King, Marriage & Family Therapist in West Chester, PA
James William King
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380  (Online Only)
I am a Pennsylvania Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been in the counseling field for over 15 years, working with, teens, young adults and the elderly, who have issues ranging from anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD and Autism (ASD). I have also done extensive work with individuals and couples going through transitions and relationship issues. I also bring experience in the area of pastoral and spiritual counseling that many times is helpful to one’s mental health. I hold an MA in Theology and a Master’s degree in Divinity from Christ the King Seminary.
I am a Pennsylvania Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been in the counseling field for over 15 years, working with, teens, young adults and the elderly, who have issues ranging from anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD and Autism (ASD). I have also done extensive work with individuals and couples going through transitions and relationship issues. I also bring experience in the area of pastoral and spiritual counseling that many times is helpful to one’s mental health. I hold an MA in Theology and a Master’s degree in Divinity from Christ the King Seminary.
(484) 313-4775 View (484) 313-4775

See more therapy options for West Chester

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Chester, PA

600+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in West Chester, PA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
76% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD
63% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Chester, PA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Chester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.