Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Nicole Leonard, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nicole Leonard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94127
I am a CBT therapist who has been licensed since 2017. I have worked in the field of Psychology since 1992 and have extensive experience working with children, adults and families. I am most interested in working with children, parents, and families but I also work with individual adults.
I am a CBT therapist who has been licensed since 2017. I have worked in the field of Psychology since 1992 and have extensive experience working with children, adults and families. I am most interested in working with children, parents, and families but I also work with individual adults.
(415) 692-4913 View (415) 692-4913
Photo of Ismael de Guzman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ismael de Guzman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
I recognize seeking support can be daunting, but you don't have to face your life challenges alone. I am committed to helping individuals from marginalized communities who are seeking therapy to get help with anxiety, depression, identity exploration, or trauma-related experiences. I provide a safe and non-judgmental space to explore what might be coming up for you in these areas. Together we will work to develop resilience, a stronger self-esteem, healthier relationships, personal agency, insight, and strong coping skills.
I recognize seeking support can be daunting, but you don't have to face your life challenges alone. I am committed to helping individuals from marginalized communities who are seeking therapy to get help with anxiety, depression, identity exploration, or trauma-related experiences. I provide a safe and non-judgmental space to explore what might be coming up for you in these areas. Together we will work to develop resilience, a stronger self-esteem, healthier relationships, personal agency, insight, and strong coping skills.
(415) 942-5447 View (415) 942-5447
Photo of Sarah Voynow Berman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Voynow Berman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Are you having any mental blocks stemming from stress? Would you like to learn creative, evidence-based practical skills that can facilitate positive lasting change? As an active psychotherapist and professional musician I work with motivated clients who want to obtain greater self compassion, acceptance and productive strategies to assist in establishing a healthy balance in their professional and personal lives.
Are you having any mental blocks stemming from stress? Would you like to learn creative, evidence-based practical skills that can facilitate positive lasting change? As an active psychotherapist and professional musician I work with motivated clients who want to obtain greater self compassion, acceptance and productive strategies to assist in establishing a healthy balance in their professional and personal lives.
(415) 578-5358 View (415) 578-5358
Photo of Larisa Southerland, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Larisa Southerland
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT145725) at Relationship Wisdom. Supervised by Brad Byrum, LMFT118448. Navigating relationships can be tricky, to say the least. I believe the most important element of any relationship is communication. Breakdowns in communication are common and may go undetected for months, or even years. Becoming aware of how we communicate and adjusting appropriately can make all the difference in our interactions moving forward. My goal is to help you and your partner become effective communicators. My therapeutic style is down to Earth and compassionately curious.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT145725) at Relationship Wisdom. Supervised by Brad Byrum, LMFT118448. Navigating relationships can be tricky, to say the least. I believe the most important element of any relationship is communication. Breakdowns in communication are common and may go undetected for months, or even years. Becoming aware of how we communicate and adjusting appropriately can make all the difference in our interactions moving forward. My goal is to help you and your partner become effective communicators. My therapeutic style is down to Earth and compassionately curious.
(323) 894-0768 View (323) 894-0768
Photo of Stephanie Yuen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Stephanie Yuen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Are you feeling more overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious and/or isolated than usual? Are you feeling less motivated? Are you feeling less connected? Are your typical coping strategies not working for you? I’m here to offer a safe space and to support you during this time. Together, we shall explore the wisdom of the mind, body & spirit connection to find new ways to cope, heal and flourish. I am passionate about your mental well being.
Are you feeling more overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious and/or isolated than usual? Are you feeling less motivated? Are you feeling less connected? Are your typical coping strategies not working for you? I’m here to offer a safe space and to support you during this time. Together, we shall explore the wisdom of the mind, body & spirit connection to find new ways to cope, heal and flourish. I am passionate about your mental well being.
(415) 663-5907 View (415) 663-5907
Photo of Riley Jana Morgan | Autism Focused | Neurodivergent Affirming, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Riley Jana Morgan | Autism Focused | Neurodivergent Affirming
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
If you are an Autistic adult seeking autism-focused and neurodivergent affirming therapy, I will help you feel safe, supported, and heard with compassion. I am Autistic myself, which often enhances the therapy experience for my clients. Autism-focused therapy is informed by the neurodiversity affirming model to address your unique concerns by reducing autistic burnout, anxiety, depression, masking, the distress of meltdowns and shutdowns, low self-esteem, and difficulties with work or school performance, among many other concerns. I also welcome your authentic self and support my LGBTQIA+, transgender, non-binary, and BIPOC clients.
If you are an Autistic adult seeking autism-focused and neurodivergent affirming therapy, I will help you feel safe, supported, and heard with compassion. I am Autistic myself, which often enhances the therapy experience for my clients. Autism-focused therapy is informed by the neurodiversity affirming model to address your unique concerns by reducing autistic burnout, anxiety, depression, masking, the distress of meltdowns and shutdowns, low self-esteem, and difficulties with work or school performance, among many other concerns. I also welcome your authentic self and support my LGBTQIA+, transgender, non-binary, and BIPOC clients.
(415) 358-6700 View (415) 358-6700
Photo of Ken Stamper, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ken Stamper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
My therapeutic style is approachable, warm, curious, and, when necessary, challenging. I draw from my training in the lineage of Gestalt Therapy, working in the 'here and now' to find out how we can create growth and change. I also use tools from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy when appropriate to help develop awareness for effective change. We will work collaboratively to see how you can learn respond to your environment with greater freedom and choice, where you can see possibilities and turn them into actualities. I'm here to support you in becoming your best self.
My therapeutic style is approachable, warm, curious, and, when necessary, challenging. I draw from my training in the lineage of Gestalt Therapy, working in the 'here and now' to find out how we can create growth and change. I also use tools from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy when appropriate to help develop awareness for effective change. We will work collaboratively to see how you can learn respond to your environment with greater freedom and choice, where you can see possibilities and turn them into actualities. I'm here to support you in becoming your best self.
(628) 214-5147 View (628) 214-5147
Photo of Beyond Coping, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Beyond Coping
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
(844) 382-8410 x701 View (844) 382-8410 x701
Photo of Suzanne Bernier, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Suzanne Bernier
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Welcome! Searching for a therapist can feel overwhelming, and I'm happy you are taking the first steps. Whether navigating difficult relationships or learning how to better manage stress and anxiety, I am passionate about helping others create meaningful and lasting positive change in their lives. Life transitions of all kinds are a special area of interest for me, particularly around the individual experience of divorce or separation. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and enjoy the challenges and changes that are unique to this stage of life.
Welcome! Searching for a therapist can feel overwhelming, and I'm happy you are taking the first steps. Whether navigating difficult relationships or learning how to better manage stress and anxiety, I am passionate about helping others create meaningful and lasting positive change in their lives. Life transitions of all kinds are a special area of interest for me, particularly around the individual experience of divorce or separation. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and enjoy the challenges and changes that are unique to this stage of life.
(415) 767-5144 View (415) 767-5144
Martha Lybarger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Time to get your life back on track? Tired of the same old fights? Is your addiction hijacking your life? Wondering if you can continue to deal with the chaos around you? You can take your life back, find some peace and learn how to better communicate with your partner and yourself. We all have deep needs for tenderness, sharing and love.
Time to get your life back on track? Tired of the same old fights? Is your addiction hijacking your life? Wondering if you can continue to deal with the chaos around you? You can take your life back, find some peace and learn how to better communicate with your partner and yourself. We all have deep needs for tenderness, sharing and love.
(415) 969-7728 View (415) 969-7728
Photo of Bay Area Center For Anxiety, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Bay Area Center For Anxiety
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
(415) 594-4145 View (415) 594-4145
Photo of Corrie Varga, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Corrie Varga
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, 104535
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you been struggling with anxiety, loneliness, confusion, or grief in this time of human uncertainty? Do you feel the swirling emotions around you and have trouble controlling your own? I can help. I specialize in supporting people who have experienced trauma or just have that nagging sense in the back of their mind that something isn’t quite right. I enjoy supporting people on developing self-esteem and strengthening their relationships. I also train and supervise associate therapists in my group practice.
Have you been struggling with anxiety, loneliness, confusion, or grief in this time of human uncertainty? Do you feel the swirling emotions around you and have trouble controlling your own? I can help. I specialize in supporting people who have experienced trauma or just have that nagging sense in the back of their mind that something isn’t quite right. I enjoy supporting people on developing self-esteem and strengthening their relationships. I also train and supervise associate therapists in my group practice.
(628) 300-3183 View (628) 300-3183
Photo of Svenson Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Svenson Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
If your child has experienced trauma & dissociation, they may have trouble managing their feelings, communicating their needs, or be using challenging behaviors. The world can feel scary to the traumatized child, so it's hard for them to communicate. They often cope in ways that were the best solution during the trauma, but no longer fit current circumstances, and which seem confusing or destructive. I see it as my job to help your child explore their inner world, so, through the language of play, they can learn how to express emotions, solve problems, & get needs met in healthy ways that fit the present!
If your child has experienced trauma & dissociation, they may have trouble managing their feelings, communicating their needs, or be using challenging behaviors. The world can feel scary to the traumatized child, so it's hard for them to communicate. They often cope in ways that were the best solution during the trauma, but no longer fit current circumstances, and which seem confusing or destructive. I see it as my job to help your child explore their inner world, so, through the language of play, they can learn how to express emotions, solve problems, & get needs met in healthy ways that fit the present!
(628) 227-6135 View (628) 227-6135
Photo of Ellen B Klyce, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ellen B Klyce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
(510) 768-7175 View (510) 768-7175
Photo of Octave - Downtown SF Clinic, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Octave - Downtown SF Clinic
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
(415) 366-2851 View (415) 366-2851
Photo of Sandrah Susan Henry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sandrah Susan Henry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am empathic and warm yet direct and challenging in our collaborative relationship. I provide a safe harbor from which to work and together we will identify ways in which your past is preventing you from living the life you want. Some of my hopes are that your tendency to be self-critical will soften and that you will become compassionate towards yourself; that you will gain positive coping skills to deal with stress and anxiety and to decrease perfectionistic tendencies and that you accomplish the goals that you have set for yourself. I will be your guide in this process.
I am empathic and warm yet direct and challenging in our collaborative relationship. I provide a safe harbor from which to work and together we will identify ways in which your past is preventing you from living the life you want. Some of my hopes are that your tendency to be self-critical will soften and that you will become compassionate towards yourself; that you will gain positive coping skills to deal with stress and anxiety and to decrease perfectionistic tendencies and that you accomplish the goals that you have set for yourself. I will be your guide in this process.
(415) 965-8637 View (415) 965-8637
Photo of Lindsay Olshan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lindsay Olshan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
My goal is to help people regain balance in their lives, deepen their understanding of self and achieve a level of awareness that alleviates helplessness and creates choice and ultimate change.
My goal is to help people regain balance in their lives, deepen their understanding of self and achieve a level of awareness that alleviates helplessness and creates choice and ultimate change.
(310) 341-7992 View (310) 341-7992
Photo of Wing Shall Lem, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Wing Shall Lem
Pre-Licensed Professional, D Min, M Div, BCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94127
Rev. Wing Lem has counseled couples and individuals for 30 years as an ordained pastor. Wing is currently attending Western Seminary for his Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Counseling and is a MFT Trainee. Wing is excited to help men and women who are "stuck" in their relationships whether you are single, married, part of a growing family or single again. Wing can help you feel less anxious and gain mastery in art of communication, which is vital to having successful relationships. He enjoys working with individuals and couples like you who desire to enrich, strengthen, and increase joy in your lives.
Rev. Wing Lem has counseled couples and individuals for 30 years as an ordained pastor. Wing is currently attending Western Seminary for his Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Counseling and is a MFT Trainee. Wing is excited to help men and women who are "stuck" in their relationships whether you are single, married, part of a growing family or single again. Wing can help you feel less anxious and gain mastery in art of communication, which is vital to having successful relationships. He enjoys working with individuals and couples like you who desire to enrich, strengthen, and increase joy in your lives.
(415) 841-2629 x233 View (415) 841-2629 x233
Photo of Paul Dubin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Paul Dubin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
My approach is best described as interactive, personable, nonjudgmental, and aimed at bringing about change that's both meaningful and real. I tend not to view people's issues or concerns as a form of pathology or neurosis, but rather as particular problems in living. I see each person as genuinely unique, and so avoid cookie-cutter approaches. My role is to help individuals and couples work through problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, in a way that builds confidence, self-respect, hope, and, ultimately, a fresh way of living life.
My approach is best described as interactive, personable, nonjudgmental, and aimed at bringing about change that's both meaningful and real. I tend not to view people's issues or concerns as a form of pathology or neurosis, but rather as particular problems in living. I see each person as genuinely unique, and so avoid cookie-cutter approaches. My role is to help individuals and couples work through problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, in a way that builds confidence, self-respect, hope, and, ultimately, a fresh way of living life.
(415) 234-7599 View (415) 234-7599
Photo of Kevin Orzech, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kevin Orzech
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Psychotherapy is about change. I work grounded in the belief that we have innate resources for thriving and ease that become concealed or underdeveloped. It is my role to help you understand your fundamental needs, history and challenges so you can realign with your strengths and wisdom; while uncovering whats blocking these resources. I work in a straightforward, compassionate and collaborative way to help you integrate thinking, feeling and intuition. The focus of my style is helping you become more confident and knowledgeable about yourself, your mind and relationships; while offering you the tools and guidance to do that.
Psychotherapy is about change. I work grounded in the belief that we have innate resources for thriving and ease that become concealed or underdeveloped. It is my role to help you understand your fundamental needs, history and challenges so you can realign with your strengths and wisdom; while uncovering whats blocking these resources. I work in a straightforward, compassionate and collaborative way to help you integrate thinking, feeling and intuition. The focus of my style is helping you become more confident and knowledgeable about yourself, your mind and relationships; while offering you the tools and guidance to do that.
(510) 606-8993 View (510) 606-8993

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.