Therapists in Sierra Madre, CA

Photo of Brad Stenberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Brad Stenberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Are you wanting your relationship to get unstuck from a negative pattern of interaction? Are you and your partner feeling hopeless about your lost connection? When things like this happen it's easy for well-meaning friends to come to the rescue with ideas, but sometimes they just don't understand. Talking to a couples counselor can help. If you'd like to get started, give me a call.
Are you wanting your relationship to get unstuck from a negative pattern of interaction? Are you and your partner feeling hopeless about your lost connection? When things like this happen it's easy for well-meaning friends to come to the rescue with ideas, but sometimes they just don't understand. Talking to a couples counselor can help. If you'd like to get started, give me a call.
(626) 325-8807 View (626) 325-8807
Photo of Annie Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Annie Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
It is my desire to provide a place of compassion and safety for individual adults, couples, children, and adolescents as they explore themselves and challenges in their life. Whether you are experiencing a loss, struggling with depression or anxiety, or facing changes in your family life or career, I will join with you to help you meet the goals you have to improve your life and relationships.
It is my desire to provide a place of compassion and safety for individual adults, couples, children, and adolescents as they explore themselves and challenges in their life. Whether you are experiencing a loss, struggling with depression or anxiety, or facing changes in your family life or career, I will join with you to help you meet the goals you have to improve your life and relationships.
(626) 389-2982 View (626) 389-2982
Photo of Catherine Pileggi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sierra Madre, CA
Catherine Pileggi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
I support individuals, couples, and families who feel lost and alone, helping them find peace, connection, and joy in life. Together, we'll uncover and address the old messages and beliefs holding you back, so you can understand yourself and others better. I respect and embrace the intersectional cultures each person brings to therapy and the impact this has on their life. If relationships are tough, if you've experienced trauma, if you've been harmed by religion, or if you're grappling with difficult beliefs and behaviors, I'm here to help.
I support individuals, couples, and families who feel lost and alone, helping them find peace, connection, and joy in life. Together, we'll uncover and address the old messages and beliefs holding you back, so you can understand yourself and others better. I respect and embrace the intersectional cultures each person brings to therapy and the impact this has on their life. If relationships are tough, if you've experienced trauma, if you've been harmed by religion, or if you're grappling with difficult beliefs and behaviors, I'm here to help.
(626) 669-4024 View (626) 669-4024
Photo of Ryan M. Forsell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Ryan M. Forsell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
I specialize in working with couples who find themselves in high stress, high conflict situations and are committed to making their relationship work. I also specialize in working with men who want to be better fathers, husbands, and proud of the direction they are headed in life. I have advanced training in marital therapy, trauma recovery and existential meaning making. I am highly relational, process oriented, and committed to growth.
I specialize in working with couples who find themselves in high stress, high conflict situations and are committed to making their relationship work. I also specialize in working with men who want to be better fathers, husbands, and proud of the direction they are headed in life. I have advanced training in marital therapy, trauma recovery and existential meaning making. I am highly relational, process oriented, and committed to growth.
(626) 900-1438 View (626) 900-1438
Photo of Melissa Lopez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Melissa Lopez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
The clientele I work with come into my office with a variety of pressing life issues that are affecting their relationships. My practice is devoted to being an empathetic ear and a constructive partner in my clients' growth. I work with individuals, couples, families, and children. I specialize in working with LGBTQ+ clients.
The clientele I work with come into my office with a variety of pressing life issues that are affecting their relationships. My practice is devoted to being an empathetic ear and a constructive partner in my clients' growth. I work with individuals, couples, families, and children. I specialize in working with LGBTQ+ clients.
(323) 312-5250 View (323) 312-5250
Luann Martenson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
My practice provides a unique blend of therapy and coaching. I specialize in helping individuals realize their full potential. This usually means giving people the boost they need to get from where they are to where they want to be. I help people manage transitions, anxiety, depression, adult attention deficit disorder, work place concerns, relationship issues, and look at factors that promote balance both professional and personal needs. My effectiveness in coaching developed as the result of first-hand executive-level experience where I have coached both executives and managers.
My practice provides a unique blend of therapy and coaching. I specialize in helping individuals realize their full potential. This usually means giving people the boost they need to get from where they are to where they want to be. I help people manage transitions, anxiety, depression, adult attention deficit disorder, work place concerns, relationship issues, and look at factors that promote balance both professional and personal needs. My effectiveness in coaching developed as the result of first-hand executive-level experience where I have coached both executives and managers.
(626) 869-8917 View (626) 869-8917
Photo of Dr. Julie R. Whipple, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Dr. Julie R. Whipple
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
In my practice, I specialize in working with adults and teenagers navigating anxiety and/or depression. I also have extensive background working with neurodivergent (ADHD and Autism Spectrum) people and individuals who have been impacted by trauma. I believe in the power of insight and authenticity, meaning that the more we learn about ourselves and our relationships, the more we are able to take agency in our lives to live the kind of life we want to live. I value creating a safe, open, and authentic space in the therapy room.
In my practice, I specialize in working with adults and teenagers navigating anxiety and/or depression. I also have extensive background working with neurodivergent (ADHD and Autism Spectrum) people and individuals who have been impacted by trauma. I believe in the power of insight and authenticity, meaning that the more we learn about ourselves and our relationships, the more we are able to take agency in our lives to live the kind of life we want to live. I value creating a safe, open, and authentic space in the therapy room.
(626) 522-9728 View (626) 522-9728
Photo of Sharon L Teruya, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Sharon L Teruya
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am known for working well with individuals who are shy and who may be fearful of entering therapy. I have a specialization in the diagnosis/assessment and treatment of AD/HD and learning disorders such as dyslexia. My therapeutic approach is primarily cognitive behavioral. Pragmatism describes my approach to treatment. Management of chronic mental illness, and adjustment issues relating to ethnic/cultural/generational and religious issues are also areas which I specialize in. I believe that at times addressing questions pertaining to meaning in life can be as important as changing behavioral patterns and emotions.
I am known for working well with individuals who are shy and who may be fearful of entering therapy. I have a specialization in the diagnosis/assessment and treatment of AD/HD and learning disorders such as dyslexia. My therapeutic approach is primarily cognitive behavioral. Pragmatism describes my approach to treatment. Management of chronic mental illness, and adjustment issues relating to ethnic/cultural/generational and religious issues are also areas which I specialize in. I believe that at times addressing questions pertaining to meaning in life can be as important as changing behavioral patterns and emotions.
(626) 344-8993 View (626) 344-8993
Photo of Leslie Bartolf, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Leslie Bartolf
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
Finding the right therapist can be challenging, so I recommend that you call at least three people and talk on the phone to see if you have a good sense of a connection. Noticing how someone listens to you, even in this initial, small way, can save you time and effort in setting up consultations. The art of listening well is the beginning of what can be a life giving experience, so I encourage you to see what treatment can do for you. All my best to you, Leslie Bartolf
Finding the right therapist can be challenging, so I recommend that you call at least three people and talk on the phone to see if you have a good sense of a connection. Noticing how someone listens to you, even in this initial, small way, can save you time and effort in setting up consultations. The art of listening well is the beginning of what can be a life giving experience, so I encourage you to see what treatment can do for you. All my best to you, Leslie Bartolf
(626) 385-8927 View (626) 385-8927
Photo of Dr. Monica S Karbassioun, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Dr. Monica S Karbassioun
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My aim is for you to feel safe in a nonjudgmental therapeutic environment so that you may find insight and personal growth and reach your goals while remaining true to your authentic self. My approach to health is holistic, working with you collaboratively so that you could better understand your inner workings and experiences and effectively set and reach your goals.
My aim is for you to feel safe in a nonjudgmental therapeutic environment so that you may find insight and personal growth and reach your goals while remaining true to your authentic self. My approach to health is holistic, working with you collaboratively so that you could better understand your inner workings and experiences and effectively set and reach your goals.
(323) 271-4017 View (323) 271-4017
Photo of Chiwon Zdanovich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Chiwon Zdanovich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
Are you struggling with debilitating thoughts that make you anxious or depressed? Or finding yourself in a difficult life transition or crisis? I love to help people going through challenges feel better, learn to cope better, and know that they are not alone. I value guiding and empowering clients to dive deep into their experiences to gain insights that target and heal problems at their root. I may use EMDR, CBT, mindfulness, and a psychodynamic perspective (exploring the impact of your childhood and hidden aspects of yourself on current challenges), and will cater the therapy experience to your unique needs.
Are you struggling with debilitating thoughts that make you anxious or depressed? Or finding yourself in a difficult life transition or crisis? I love to help people going through challenges feel better, learn to cope better, and know that they are not alone. I value guiding and empowering clients to dive deep into their experiences to gain insights that target and heal problems at their root. I may use EMDR, CBT, mindfulness, and a psychodynamic perspective (exploring the impact of your childhood and hidden aspects of yourself on current challenges), and will cater the therapy experience to your unique needs.
(714) 497-0654 View (714) 497-0654
Photo of Deanna Hudgins, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sierra Madre, CA
Deanna Hudgins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
I applaud you for considering therapy at this time! One of the most powerful gifts we can offer ourselves is movement: towards wholeness, balance, and equanimity. This looks different for everyone, whether it is attending therapy for the first time, deepening our self-exploration, or engaging with loved ones in a therapeutic setting. In session, I strive to blend the principles of DBT with an approach rooted in equity, compassion, and respect for each individual’s unique life experience. I am grateful to join clients as a co-navigator and co-learner on their path towards improved mindset, relationships, and well-being.
I applaud you for considering therapy at this time! One of the most powerful gifts we can offer ourselves is movement: towards wholeness, balance, and equanimity. This looks different for everyone, whether it is attending therapy for the first time, deepening our self-exploration, or engaging with loved ones in a therapeutic setting. In session, I strive to blend the principles of DBT with an approach rooted in equity, compassion, and respect for each individual’s unique life experience. I am grateful to join clients as a co-navigator and co-learner on their path towards improved mindset, relationships, and well-being.
(323) 379-0723 View (323) 379-0723
Photo of Paula Timon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Paula Timon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
The circumstances that lead you to looking for a therapist can be overwhelming, and I'm here to partner with you through the pain and uncertainty. Whether it's a child or family member you're concerned about, family conflict, or your own mental health, I can help. I have provided compassionate care for more than twenty years to children and adolescents, families, and adults in both mental health and substance abuse treatment. I've worked in community-based agencies, residential treatment and intensive outpatient programs, mental health administration, and teaching at the graduate level.
The circumstances that lead you to looking for a therapist can be overwhelming, and I'm here to partner with you through the pain and uncertainty. Whether it's a child or family member you're concerned about, family conflict, or your own mental health, I can help. I have provided compassionate care for more than twenty years to children and adolescents, families, and adults in both mental health and substance abuse treatment. I've worked in community-based agencies, residential treatment and intensive outpatient programs, mental health administration, and teaching at the graduate level.
(626) 507-5013 View (626) 507-5013
Photo of Dr. Elisa Hernandez, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Dr. Elisa Hernandez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to make sense of different expectations and values at home, work, or school? Do you feel uncomfortable navigating spaces where you don’t see many others who share your background? Many adult children of immigrants and/or first-generation college students feel caught in this struggle, grappling with insecurities, family conflict, culture clash, and identity changes. Being First-Gen, can be overwhelming and isolating - but it doesn’t have to be. Being first can also be filled with abundance and personal growth! Working together, we can create an integrated, strengths-based life story that honors your past & future.
Are you struggling to make sense of different expectations and values at home, work, or school? Do you feel uncomfortable navigating spaces where you don’t see many others who share your background? Many adult children of immigrants and/or first-generation college students feel caught in this struggle, grappling with insecurities, family conflict, culture clash, and identity changes. Being First-Gen, can be overwhelming and isolating - but it doesn’t have to be. Being first can also be filled with abundance and personal growth! Working together, we can create an integrated, strengths-based life story that honors your past & future.
(626) 663-2263 View (626) 663-2263
Photo of Atara M Parkinson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Atara M Parkinson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
My passion is to help clients in the mind/body connection. I love watching the physical body and mind align to impact mental health through nutrition and integrative medicine. I’m here to support my clients in creating sustainable vision for their lives. The goal in my work is to empower clients on gaining clarity to obtain holistic balance in mind, body and soul. I believe that a strong therapeutic connection is vital in creating a space for healing to take place. My approach is to create a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their lives and beliefs.
My passion is to help clients in the mind/body connection. I love watching the physical body and mind align to impact mental health through nutrition and integrative medicine. I’m here to support my clients in creating sustainable vision for their lives. The goal in my work is to empower clients on gaining clarity to obtain holistic balance in mind, body and soul. I believe that a strong therapeutic connection is vital in creating a space for healing to take place. My approach is to create a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their lives and beliefs.
(626) 900-0749 View (626) 900-0749
Photo of Susan Merletti, Counselor in Sierra Madre, CA
Susan Merletti
Counselor, LPCC, ATR
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
Have you ever felt that words were not enough? You've tried talking, but it doesn't seem to work, at least not for very long. You find yourself wondering what you can do to feel better. Coping with stress, living with uncertainty and meeting the challenges of everyday life are often difficult to describe in words alone. Imagine what it would feel like to enjoy the process of self-discovery, personal growth and understanding. Your creative process can become your road to emotional wellbeing - a safe and gratifying way to explore difficult experiences and emotions such as fear, sadness, frustration, and anxiety.
Have you ever felt that words were not enough? You've tried talking, but it doesn't seem to work, at least not for very long. You find yourself wondering what you can do to feel better. Coping with stress, living with uncertainty and meeting the challenges of everyday life are often difficult to describe in words alone. Imagine what it would feel like to enjoy the process of self-discovery, personal growth and understanding. Your creative process can become your road to emotional wellbeing - a safe and gratifying way to explore difficult experiences and emotions such as fear, sadness, frustration, and anxiety.
(626) 658-3105 View (626) 658-3105
Photo of Carrie N Dilley, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Carrie N Dilley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sierra Madre, CA 91024
In my practice, I emphasize the importance of every individual knowing that they have been understood. I am passionate about helping others know themselves better and I meet my clients wherever they are regardless of age, area of struggle, or disability. My specializations are: Neurodevelopmental Delays including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Issues, Behavioral Challenges, Impulse Control Issues, Learning Disabilities, and Regulation and Sensory Processing Disorders. I provide individual, family and group therapy, parent coaching, neuropsychological assessment, and school consultations.
In my practice, I emphasize the importance of every individual knowing that they have been understood. I am passionate about helping others know themselves better and I meet my clients wherever they are regardless of age, area of struggle, or disability. My specializations are: Neurodevelopmental Delays including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Issues, Behavioral Challenges, Impulse Control Issues, Learning Disabilities, and Regulation and Sensory Processing Disorders. I provide individual, family and group therapy, parent coaching, neuropsychological assessment, and school consultations.
(626) 539-2001 x2 View (626) 539-2001 x2
Photo of Sulfiati's Threshold Counseling, Counselor in Sierra Madre, CA
Sulfiati's Threshold Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Are you at a crossroads? Throughout life, we experience "little deaths" that change our life’s course. Loss of a dream, health, family, the earth we stand on, job, marriage, relationship, country or beliefs can suddenly take us over a threshold, chosen or not into a new world where life no longer makes any sense. Our old tools and ways of coping or understanding our self or our world are no longer enough to pilot us to the other side of what can feel like a vast, deep and turbulent river. While often terrifying, these are the golden opportunities in which our true nature, our soul or purpose in life can be revealed.
Are you at a crossroads? Throughout life, we experience "little deaths" that change our life’s course. Loss of a dream, health, family, the earth we stand on, job, marriage, relationship, country or beliefs can suddenly take us over a threshold, chosen or not into a new world where life no longer makes any sense. Our old tools and ways of coping or understanding our self or our world are no longer enough to pilot us to the other side of what can feel like a vast, deep and turbulent river. While often terrifying, these are the golden opportunities in which our true nature, our soul or purpose in life can be revealed.
(626) 727-8053 View (626) 727-8053
Photo of Pasadena Therapy Artz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sierra Madre, CA
Pasadena Therapy Artz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you an INDIVIDUAL or COUPLE who's having INTENSE FEELINGS lately? Anxiety, anger, confusion, and being overwhelmed can be caused by normal life changes. Professional support can help when relationship surprises, overwork, parenting, financial challenges, or uncertainty looms.
Are you an INDIVIDUAL or COUPLE who's having INTENSE FEELINGS lately? Anxiety, anger, confusion, and being overwhelmed can be caused by normal life changes. Professional support can help when relationship surprises, overwork, parenting, financial challenges, or uncertainty looms.
(626) 385-7966 View (626) 385-7966
Photo of Life Tree Psychological Services, Psychologist in Sierra Madre, CA
Life Tree Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sierra Madre, CA 91024  (Online Only)
Dr. Katharine Putman seek to create a warm, healing collaboration with each client. With over 18 years' experience providing therapy for children, adolescents, adults and families, Dr. Putman blends expertise in healing from trauma, anxiety, depression and grief. Life Tree therapists also tailor a unique approach to help each client to help the client to heal and thrive. Dr. Putman works within clients' spirituality, culture and worldview to reach short-term goals and/or longer-term therapy goals for those who wish to pursue deeper healing and growth in their relational patterns.
Dr. Katharine Putman seek to create a warm, healing collaboration with each client. With over 18 years' experience providing therapy for children, adolescents, adults and families, Dr. Putman blends expertise in healing from trauma, anxiety, depression and grief. Life Tree therapists also tailor a unique approach to help each client to help the client to heal and thrive. Dr. Putman works within clients' spirituality, culture and worldview to reach short-term goals and/or longer-term therapy goals for those who wish to pursue deeper healing and growth in their relational patterns.
(626) 790-7066 View (626) 790-7066

See more therapy options for Sierra Madre

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sierra Madre, CA

90+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Sierra Madre, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
92% Relationship Issues
90% Depression
76% Self Esteem
72% Grief
65% Life Transitions
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

41% Aetna
38% Other
38% Optum

How Therapists in Sierra Madre, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sierra Madre?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.