Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Beth Klein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Beth Klein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
In the competitive world of executive leadership, you've excelled despite gender-based challenges. As a compassionate leader, you've prioritized your team's needs while successfully integrating career and family. Lately, though, you have been feeling unmotivated and even sometimes burdened by your employees' issues. You find yourself questioning whether this is due to a personal struggle or if the demands of your role have intensified. While you've made attempts to reignite your passion, you feel stuck and not sure where to begin.
In the competitive world of executive leadership, you've excelled despite gender-based challenges. As a compassionate leader, you've prioritized your team's needs while successfully integrating career and family. Lately, though, you have been feeling unmotivated and even sometimes burdened by your employees' issues. You find yourself questioning whether this is due to a personal struggle or if the demands of your role have intensified. While you've made attempts to reignite your passion, you feel stuck and not sure where to begin.
(651) 358-2318 View (651) 358-2318
Photo of Amy M. Joyce, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Amy M. Joyce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Welcome to a place of support for those relationships most important to you. I offer therapy in a relational context which explores the interconnectedness between self and others. I believe this is vital to well living. When relationships are out of balance, disconnectedness can occur. By creating awareness, empowerment can be found and utilized for change. I invite you to better navigate yourself and your relations!
Welcome to a place of support for those relationships most important to you. I offer therapy in a relational context which explores the interconnectedness between self and others. I believe this is vital to well living. When relationships are out of balance, disconnectedness can occur. By creating awareness, empowerment can be found and utilized for change. I invite you to better navigate yourself and your relations!
(612) 564-4332 View (612) 564-4332
Photo of Tayler Marie L'amoureux, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Tayler Marie L'amoureux
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW , MSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker providing psychotherapy to children and adults in the Minneapolis/S area. I started practicing psychotherapy at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. During my time there, I was trained in helping both children and adults build coping skills to be able to help themselves through life's many unique challenges. Currently, I am training at the Institute for Clinical Social Work in Chicago where I will earn a PhD with a specialty in Psychodynamic therapy. This therapy helps children and adults process and create meaning from past life events within a safe, therapeutic relationship.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker providing psychotherapy to children and adults in the Minneapolis/S area. I started practicing psychotherapy at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. During my time there, I was trained in helping both children and adults build coping skills to be able to help themselves through life's many unique challenges. Currently, I am training at the Institute for Clinical Social Work in Chicago where I will earn a PhD with a specialty in Psychodynamic therapy. This therapy helps children and adults process and create meaning from past life events within a safe, therapeutic relationship.
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Photo of Jennifer Karel, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Jennifer Karel
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Feel like you are constantly trying to achieve a healthy you, but with frustrating results? Let's get to the bottom of it so you can stop repeating the same unhelpful behaviors and live a healthy, intentional life. I focus on helping my clients achieve both emotional and physical health, as it can be difficult to achieve one without the other. My clients describe me as a straightforward, down to earth therapist. I don't sugar coat things, but rather let's cut out the fluff and get you feeling better physically and emotionally.
Feel like you are constantly trying to achieve a healthy you, but with frustrating results? Let's get to the bottom of it so you can stop repeating the same unhelpful behaviors and live a healthy, intentional life. I focus on helping my clients achieve both emotional and physical health, as it can be difficult to achieve one without the other. My clients describe me as a straightforward, down to earth therapist. I don't sugar coat things, but rather let's cut out the fluff and get you feeling better physically and emotionally.
(651) 565-7120 View (651) 565-7120
Photo of Lacrestia Anderson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Lacrestia Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
Your experience with me will be different than what you think of in a typical therapy session! I'm an old soul with a down to earth personality that is rooted in Southern Georgia. I bring a southern hospitality twist to my 9 years of evidenced based clinical work! You see, it takes a village to get through life and all it's challenges, you can't do it alone! You deserve to be the best you, and if you need some extra support to get there, there is nothing wrong with that! I offer an empathic, authentic, and supportive space that is free from judgement.
Your experience with me will be different than what you think of in a typical therapy session! I'm an old soul with a down to earth personality that is rooted in Southern Georgia. I bring a southern hospitality twist to my 9 years of evidenced based clinical work! You see, it takes a village to get through life and all it's challenges, you can't do it alone! You deserve to be the best you, and if you need some extra support to get there, there is nothing wrong with that! I offer an empathic, authentic, and supportive space that is free from judgement.
(651) 565-9683 View (651) 565-9683
Photo of Mj Hines, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Mj Hines
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Being a person can be hard! If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationship or substance use issues, or any of the difficult feelings that come with being human, I want to help! When you learn to trust your own intuition, identify your needs, and define your boundaries, you are better able to advocate for yourself and create the life you want. I focus on helping each individual to make deep connections, uncover your inner strength and wisdom, and cultivate a meaningful, fulfilling life. At times, you may just need a little extra support wherever you're at, and I'll meet you there!
Being a person can be hard! If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationship or substance use issues, or any of the difficult feelings that come with being human, I want to help! When you learn to trust your own intuition, identify your needs, and define your boundaries, you are better able to advocate for yourself and create the life you want. I focus on helping each individual to make deep connections, uncover your inner strength and wisdom, and cultivate a meaningful, fulfilling life. At times, you may just need a little extra support wherever you're at, and I'll meet you there!
(612) 400-8176 View (612) 400-8176
Photo of Ted Cooper, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Ted Cooper
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
I focus on my client's strengths and core values, and collaborate with them to find their own answers. I believe in the power of choice, and that learning how to make good choices is key. Clients often say after working with me that they feel encouraged, empowered and able to face their fears, and they understand that fear is a choice, not a necessity. I assist clients in working through their personal barriers, so that they can be successful, present and happy in their lives and the lives of their families.
I focus on my client's strengths and core values, and collaborate with them to find their own answers. I believe in the power of choice, and that learning how to make good choices is key. Clients often say after working with me that they feel encouraged, empowered and able to face their fears, and they understand that fear is a choice, not a necessity. I assist clients in working through their personal barriers, so that they can be successful, present and happy in their lives and the lives of their families.
(651) 504-8914 View (651) 504-8914
Photo of Eva J. W. Morrison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Eva J. W. Morrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Currently Accepting Clients - - Do you want to get unstuck from trauma responses and unhelpful patterns? Would you like to feel a sense of ease in your relationships? Do you seek calmness and acceptance within yourself? I see you. Together we will use somatic (body-based) techniques, trauma-informed modalities, and deep compassion to identify where these patterns come from, and focus on building skills to bring you closer to safety and connection. Whether you have been in therapy for decades or if this will be your first session, I look forward to working alongside you.
Currently Accepting Clients - - Do you want to get unstuck from trauma responses and unhelpful patterns? Would you like to feel a sense of ease in your relationships? Do you seek calmness and acceptance within yourself? I see you. Together we will use somatic (body-based) techniques, trauma-informed modalities, and deep compassion to identify where these patterns come from, and focus on building skills to bring you closer to safety and connection. Whether you have been in therapy for decades or if this will be your first session, I look forward to working alongside you.
(651) 412-3261 View (651) 412-3261
Photo of Elizabeth Hayes, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Elizabeth Hayes
Psychologist, PsyD, MS, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
CURRENTLY FULL, maintaining a waitlist. You feel shut down, trapped by negative feelings and memories. Unhappiness and worry are familiar companions. Negative emotions and thoughts interrupt the ability to be your full self. Unsatisfying relationships with friends and family sap your energy. You’d like to change the patterns in your life that don't seem to be working, but can’t find a way to do so. You want a therapist who accepts, understands and validates you, while offering real skills and strategies for dealing with your distress.
CURRENTLY FULL, maintaining a waitlist. You feel shut down, trapped by negative feelings and memories. Unhappiness and worry are familiar companions. Negative emotions and thoughts interrupt the ability to be your full self. Unsatisfying relationships with friends and family sap your energy. You’d like to change the patterns in your life that don't seem to be working, but can’t find a way to do so. You want a therapist who accepts, understands and validates you, while offering real skills and strategies for dealing with your distress.
(651) 321-9638 View (651) 321-9638
Photo of Erica Derifield, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Erica Derifield
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MPS, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
Erica is a Pre-Licensed LPCC and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor in the state of Minnesota and graduated with a Master of Professional Studies in Integrated Behavioral Health from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Erica has experience working with adults, families, couples, and adolescents in the residential, outpatient, community, and academic/school settings. Erica is passionate about providing care from a holistic and trauma-informed lens, ensuring every individual is seen and honored for their unique strengths, experiences, and inner wisdom rather than seen or labeled as a diagnosis.
Erica is a Pre-Licensed LPCC and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor in the state of Minnesota and graduated with a Master of Professional Studies in Integrated Behavioral Health from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Erica has experience working with adults, families, couples, and adolescents in the residential, outpatient, community, and academic/school settings. Erica is passionate about providing care from a holistic and trauma-informed lens, ensuring every individual is seen and honored for their unique strengths, experiences, and inner wisdom rather than seen or labeled as a diagnosis.
(651) 538-2872 View (651) 538-2872
Photo of Katie Nissly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Katie Nissly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Most of us are doing our best... AND the roles/stress we take on (and the roles/stress put upon us) can really have an impact on how we feel and how we function. Although I welcome a range of client concerns, my passion is for helping adults who are struggling with the complex world of relationships, stress-management, parenting, and self-acceptance. If you are feeling overwhelmed or insecure as a parent, if you are overly stressed by life transitions, or otherwise feeling stuck or imbalanced, I'd love to walk beside you on your journey toward wellness.
Most of us are doing our best... AND the roles/stress we take on (and the roles/stress put upon us) can really have an impact on how we feel and how we function. Although I welcome a range of client concerns, my passion is for helping adults who are struggling with the complex world of relationships, stress-management, parenting, and self-acceptance. If you are feeling overwhelmed or insecure as a parent, if you are overly stressed by life transitions, or otherwise feeling stuck or imbalanced, I'd love to walk beside you on your journey toward wellness.
(651) 615-0567 View (651) 615-0567
Photo of Abraham Awes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Abraham Awes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Over the course of my work, I have developed interest and experience working with adolescents and adults of all ages experiencing depression, anxiety, relationships, major life events, and grief / loss. A comment from an observing clinician - “I appreciate his approach with clients because he is focused on self-compassion, insight, and identity. He teaches skills when appropriate and has a gift for making people feel safe.”
Over the course of my work, I have developed interest and experience working with adolescents and adults of all ages experiencing depression, anxiety, relationships, major life events, and grief / loss. A comment from an observing clinician - “I appreciate his approach with clients because he is focused on self-compassion, insight, and identity. He teaches skills when appropriate and has a gift for making people feel safe.”
(651) 412-2820 View (651) 412-2820
Photo of Liz Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Liz Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
We'd make a good team if you are someone who is looking to understand yourself, your people, and the greater world around you in a deeper and more impactful way. I love working with folx around their longing for purpose and meaning, desire for movement through a tough chapter of life, and towards healing psychological wounds. People who work with me will be met with compassion and empathy, while also being met with gentle pushing towards their own goals.
We'd make a good team if you are someone who is looking to understand yourself, your people, and the greater world around you in a deeper and more impactful way. I love working with folx around their longing for purpose and meaning, desire for movement through a tough chapter of life, and towards healing psychological wounds. People who work with me will be met with compassion and empathy, while also being met with gentle pushing towards their own goals.
(651) 571-8289 View (651) 571-8289
Photo of Evan Lieberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Evan Lieberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
(651) 401-6677 View (651) 401-6677
Photo of Ashley Groshek, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Ashley Groshek
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Work with adolescents and their families is where my passion lies. I understand and believe that the system a person is operating in can impact all parts of one's life experience. I believe it is important in therapy to meet you where you are at and explore where you want to go. Creating a path to becoming your most authentic self is one of the most rewarding and challenging acts you can do. I am honored to be a part of your process.
Work with adolescents and their families is where my passion lies. I understand and believe that the system a person is operating in can impact all parts of one's life experience. I believe it is important in therapy to meet you where you are at and explore where you want to go. Creating a path to becoming your most authentic self is one of the most rewarding and challenging acts you can do. I am honored to be a part of your process.
(763) 703-2738 x4 View (763) 703-2738 x4
Photo of Michael P Browne, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Michael P Browne
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
I am currently accepting new clients. I bring 45 years of experience as a therapist to my practice. I have frequently been a therapist for other therapists. I have also served as a supervisor and consultant for other therapists. I was the co-founder of two advanced training programs for therapists. For over 25 years, I held a part time faculty position at the University of Minnesota. I have written and presented many papers about therapy.
I am currently accepting new clients. I bring 45 years of experience as a therapist to my practice. I have frequently been a therapist for other therapists. I have also served as a supervisor and consultant for other therapists. I was the co-founder of two advanced training programs for therapists. For over 25 years, I held a part time faculty position at the University of Minnesota. I have written and presented many papers about therapy.
(651) 399-6012 View (651) 399-6012
Photo of Dr. Jackie Henry, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Dr. Jackie Henry
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Are you overwhelmed? Not sure where to turn or what to do next? Going through life transitions can bring many different emotions. We can talk about this together, finding a way forward in uncertain times. Perhaps you feel disconnected from yourself, from your friends and family or from the values you hold. Let's rediscover what is important to you and how to emerge from difficulty with a clear sense of self and purpose.
Are you overwhelmed? Not sure where to turn or what to do next? Going through life transitions can bring many different emotions. We can talk about this together, finding a way forward in uncertain times. Perhaps you feel disconnected from yourself, from your friends and family or from the values you hold. Let's rediscover what is important to you and how to emerge from difficulty with a clear sense of self and purpose.
(612) 324-0707 View (612) 324-0707
Photo of Kathleen Gjevre, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Kathleen Gjevre
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
Watching someone you love struggle can be painful. It can be hard to watch someone you love experience the ups and downs of entering recovery and then falling back into old behavior patterns. They can get caught up in their head looking for the perfect answer – or any answer – to solve their problems. Often people find themselves in an uncomfortable limbo of not knowing what to do in those moments of struggle. These are the moments that a professional outside the situation can provide a space for you to reflect and explore how to create a life with less pain and more joy.
Watching someone you love struggle can be painful. It can be hard to watch someone you love experience the ups and downs of entering recovery and then falling back into old behavior patterns. They can get caught up in their head looking for the perfect answer – or any answer – to solve their problems. Often people find themselves in an uncomfortable limbo of not knowing what to do in those moments of struggle. These are the moments that a professional outside the situation can provide a space for you to reflect and explore how to create a life with less pain and more joy.
(651) 661-3768 View (651) 661-3768
Photo of Andrea Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Andrea Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
My name is Andrea Walker, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I see individuals, couples, and families. I approach therapy using Internal Family Systems, Narrative, Somatic Experiencing, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and CBT. I see people with Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Relationship issues, Grief & Loss, and Personal Development. I approach therapy with a mix of Internal Family Systems (part of me wanted to eat the cake and part of me didn't), Narrative Therapy (creating our life story), and Somatic Experiencing (helping get us out of our heads and into our bodies).
My name is Andrea Walker, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I see individuals, couples, and families. I approach therapy using Internal Family Systems, Narrative, Somatic Experiencing, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and CBT. I see people with Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Relationship issues, Grief & Loss, and Personal Development. I approach therapy with a mix of Internal Family Systems (part of me wanted to eat the cake and part of me didn't), Narrative Therapy (creating our life story), and Somatic Experiencing (helping get us out of our heads and into our bodies).
(651) 390-1508 View (651) 390-1508
Photo of Ruth Brooke Markowitz, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Ruth Brooke Markowitz
Psychologist, MALP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I enjoy working with adults of all sexual orientations who want to heal sexually and intimately.I love working with couples as well as individuals. People who are creative and artistic and enjoy using a variety of therapeutic modalities to heal find me helpful. Anxious, traumatized avoidant, ,depressed and grief stricken people find me to be direct, warm,honest and a good listener. I am integrative in my approach and also believe in homework, practice and mindfulness practice. I believe I am a good fit with people who describe themselves as a bit out of the box.
I enjoy working with adults of all sexual orientations who want to heal sexually and intimately.I love working with couples as well as individuals. People who are creative and artistic and enjoy using a variety of therapeutic modalities to heal find me helpful. Anxious, traumatized avoidant, ,depressed and grief stricken people find me to be direct, warm,honest and a good listener. I am integrative in my approach and also believe in homework, practice and mindfulness practice. I believe I am a good fit with people who describe themselves as a bit out of the box.
(651) 401-8063 View (651) 401-8063

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.