Therapists in Americus, GA

Photo of Hope for the Future Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Hope for the Future Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPCS, CAMS II
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709
Seeking therapy can be a scary experience, but I want you to know that you made the right decision. Therapy can provide a safe place for you to talk about things that will be kept confidential. I have experience helping individuals find effective coping strategies to help with their life challenges. I help individuals of all ages learn how to cope and manage their problems so they can live a glorious and prosperous life.
Seeking therapy can be a scary experience, but I want you to know that you made the right decision. Therapy can provide a safe place for you to talk about things that will be kept confidential. I have experience helping individuals find effective coping strategies to help with their life challenges. I help individuals of all ages learn how to cope and manage their problems so they can live a glorious and prosperous life.
(229) 213-9031 View (229) 213-9031
Photo of Lotus Nest Counseling Services, LLC., Marriage & Family Therapist in Americus, GA
Lotus Nest Counseling Services, LLC.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, CMHC
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709
At Lotus Nest Counseling Services, our journey began with a profound recognition of the intricate web of generational patterns and trauma that often leaves individuals feeling stuck and disconnected from their true selves. We understand the immense impact that unresolved issues can have on emotional well-being and the ability to navigate life's challenges with resilience. This realization ignited a passion to create a space where individuals could find the tools, knowledge, and support needed to heal and grow emotionally.
At Lotus Nest Counseling Services, our journey began with a profound recognition of the intricate web of generational patterns and trauma that often leaves individuals feeling stuck and disconnected from their true selves. We understand the immense impact that unresolved issues can have on emotional well-being and the ability to navigate life's challenges with resilience. This realization ignited a passion to create a space where individuals could find the tools, knowledge, and support needed to heal and grow emotionally.
(229) 287-3707 View (229) 287-3707
Photo of Shakedra Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Americus, GA
Shakedra Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31719  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Sha-kedra Harris, Do you feel overwhelmed, anxious, irritable, or on edge? Do you find that you have trouble sleeping, experience lack of motivation, often fatigued, or burnout? Together, we can work to identify coping strategies to help you feel empowered.
Hello, I am Sha-kedra Harris, Do you feel overwhelmed, anxious, irritable, or on edge? Do you find that you have trouble sleeping, experience lack of motivation, often fatigued, or burnout? Together, we can work to identify coping strategies to help you feel empowered.
(229) 459-4463 View (229) 459-4463
Photo of Courtney Deondra Oliver, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Americus, GA
Courtney Deondra Oliver
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, ST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Americus, GA 31709
I am Mrs. Courtney Oliver, a new Counselor at Lotus Nest Counseling. I have a strong passion for mental health with 8 and half years of mental health background and experience. I am college graduate of Georgia Southwestern State University with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I am currently pursuing my Masters in General Psychology at Capella University and a Certification as a Life Coach.
I am Mrs. Courtney Oliver, a new Counselor at Lotus Nest Counseling. I have a strong passion for mental health with 8 and half years of mental health background and experience. I am college graduate of Georgia Southwestern State University with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I am currently pursuing my Masters in General Psychology at Capella University and a Certification as a Life Coach.
(229) 210-2429 x1001 View (229) 210-2429 x1001
Photo of Sean Massie Doctor Of Psychology, Psychologist in Americus, GA
Sean Massie Doctor Of Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709  (Online Only)
Deciding to see a Doctoral level therapist is a hard decision to make and it can seem scary. Therefore, it's important for you to know that I am non-judgmental, provide a safe and confidential atmosphere, and am usually pretty good at helping people feel comfortable right away. I am honest and always provide professional and practical opinions in a caring and empathic manner within the scope of my practice. I work with adults of all ages, older adolescents, couples, and families, regardless of background. I also perform all sorts of psychological assessments if one is needed (i.e. diagnostic, court ordered, child custody, etc.).
Deciding to see a Doctoral level therapist is a hard decision to make and it can seem scary. Therefore, it's important for you to know that I am non-judgmental, provide a safe and confidential atmosphere, and am usually pretty good at helping people feel comfortable right away. I am honest and always provide professional and practical opinions in a caring and empathic manner within the scope of my practice. I work with adults of all ages, older adolescents, couples, and families, regardless of background. I also perform all sorts of psychological assessments if one is needed (i.e. diagnostic, court ordered, child custody, etc.).
(229) 589-8456 View (229) 589-8456
Photo of Kimberly Bishop, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Kimberly Bishop
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CPCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Americus, GA 31709
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to meet life's challenges. How we reach out for resources during this time can facilitate hope and healing. You may have already reached out to a friend, family member, or pastor and find you are still stuck. The next step you take may be to meet with a professional counselor. As a professional counselor, I am passionate about working with people to find healing and understanding. I am also credentialed as a CPCS, Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor, providing supervision to train other therapists in the counseling profession.
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to meet life's challenges. How we reach out for resources during this time can facilitate hope and healing. You may have already reached out to a friend, family member, or pastor and find you are still stuck. The next step you take may be to meet with a professional counselor. As a professional counselor, I am passionate about working with people to find healing and understanding. I am also credentialed as a CPCS, Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor, providing supervision to train other therapists in the counseling profession.
(706) 225-7059 View (706) 225-7059
Photo of Metacognitive Strategies, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Metacognitive Strategies
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709
My ideal client has been to therapy in the past and didn't feel they were helped or never really connected with the person sitting across from them.
My ideal client has been to therapy in the past and didn't feel they were helped or never really connected with the person sitting across from them.
(229) 218-8648 View (229) 218-8648
Photo of Triad Psych, pc, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Triad Psych, pc
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 22 years' experience with mental health/substance abuse treatment. I have worked in community mental health centers, prisons, jails, and mental hospitals. I have also volunteered with counseling, hospice, Salvation Army, and food banks. I create a safe and non-judgmental environment to facilitate personal change, insight, and healing.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 22 years' experience with mental health/substance abuse treatment. I have worked in community mental health centers, prisons, jails, and mental hospitals. I have also volunteered with counseling, hospice, Salvation Army, and food banks. I create a safe and non-judgmental environment to facilitate personal change, insight, and healing.
(229) 280-5170 View (229) 280-5170
Photo of LifeWorks Counseling Group, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
LifeWorks Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Americus, GA 31709
Laura Beth’s counseling style has evolved into a holistic approach (incorporating mind, body and spirit), since starting out almost 20 years ago working with children, adolescents and families. Laura Beth has a diverse background including teaching, social work and community mental health. She has spent the last 10 years as a clinical therapist. She enjoys incorporating art, mindfulness and child-centered techniques. She graduated from Auburn University with a major in psychology and a minor in Human Development and Family Studies. She obtained her Master's of Science in Clinical Mental Health from Troy University.
Laura Beth’s counseling style has evolved into a holistic approach (incorporating mind, body and spirit), since starting out almost 20 years ago working with children, adolescents and families. Laura Beth has a diverse background including teaching, social work and community mental health. She has spent the last 10 years as a clinical therapist. She enjoys incorporating art, mindfulness and child-centered techniques. She graduated from Auburn University with a major in psychology and a minor in Human Development and Family Studies. She obtained her Master's of Science in Clinical Mental Health from Troy University.
(706) 675-7921 View (706) 675-7921

Online Therapists

Photo of Mary Star Hannify, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Mary Star Hannify
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CMHC
Verified Verified
Columbus, GA 31906
Are you someone who feels as though labels are putting you in a box you don’t want? Trying to break free and accept who you are? Where you are? Try my style of out of the box thinking. Let’s see if we can “fit". Our first meeting will be to get to know each other and look at what are the best options for you, the client. I believe in diversity, no matter your path, your gender, your sexuality, your spirituality,
Are you someone who feels as though labels are putting you in a box you don’t want? Trying to break free and accept who you are? Where you are? Try my style of out of the box thinking. Let’s see if we can “fit". Our first meeting will be to get to know each other and look at what are the best options for you, the client. I believe in diversity, no matter your path, your gender, your sexuality, your spirituality,
(762) 441-4099 View (762) 441-4099
Photo of Family Tree Counseling & Training Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Family Tree Counseling & Training Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPCS, NCC, CAMS II
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
My name is Tamiko Horne-Williams I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor, National Certified Counselor, Certified Anger Management Specialist, and Prepare-Enrich Certified. I have 5 years of experience as a crisis counselor and 17 plus years of experience working in the mental health field in various entities. Helping others live life to their full potential is my passion and my calling in life. I enjoy being a voice for those trying to find theirs or simply need someone to understand them.
My name is Tamiko Horne-Williams I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor, National Certified Counselor, Certified Anger Management Specialist, and Prepare-Enrich Certified. I have 5 years of experience as a crisis counselor and 17 plus years of experience working in the mental health field in various entities. Helping others live life to their full potential is my passion and my calling in life. I enjoy being a voice for those trying to find theirs or simply need someone to understand them.
(478) 236-6353 View (478) 236-6353
Photo of Lauren Markley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Americus, GA
Lauren Markley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Columbus, GA 31907  (Online Only)
Have family members told you you "need to relax" or you "need to stop worrying"? Have you avoided therapy because you were taught to not believe in it? Anxiety can rob you of life's greatest joys and keep you stuck in the "what ifs". You don't have to suffer alone. You are not broken and you are capable of change. Family systems, culture and stigma prevent people who need help from getting help. You would never walk around on a broken leg but you have been avoiding seeking help for your anxiety such as perfectionism, intrusive thoughts, people-pleasing and difficulty relaxing.
Have family members told you you "need to relax" or you "need to stop worrying"? Have you avoided therapy because you were taught to not believe in it? Anxiety can rob you of life's greatest joys and keep you stuck in the "what ifs". You don't have to suffer alone. You are not broken and you are capable of change. Family systems, culture and stigma prevent people who need help from getting help. You would never walk around on a broken leg but you have been avoiding seeking help for your anxiety such as perfectionism, intrusive thoughts, people-pleasing and difficulty relaxing.
(706) 989-8105 View (706) 989-8105
Photo of Broken Crayons Still Color (BCSC), LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Broken Crayons Still Color (BCSC), LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
I have been in the mental health field for 29 years. I have worked with children/adolescents, families and the adult population since 2000 providing individual, family and group counseling. There are several qualities that I feel I possess which has been beneficial in my quest to help others on their journey: empathy, discretion, patience, compassion, encouragement, self-awareness, open mindedness, flexibility. I have worked in many different settings including outpatient, residential, crisis, mobile crisis, nursing home, prison and private practice.
I have been in the mental health field for 29 years. I have worked with children/adolescents, families and the adult population since 2000 providing individual, family and group counseling. There are several qualities that I feel I possess which has been beneficial in my quest to help others on their journey: empathy, discretion, patience, compassion, encouragement, self-awareness, open mindedness, flexibility. I have worked in many different settings including outpatient, residential, crisis, mobile crisis, nursing home, prison and private practice.
(478) 209-2818 View (478) 209-2818
Photo of Jackey S Mckinney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Americus, GA
Jackey S Mckinney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
McDonough, GA 30252  (Online Only)
Throughout the 20+ years dedicated to the field of Social Work, I have worked toward empowering the lives of Children, Adults, and Families. I have worked as a Mental Health Associate at a Residential Inpatient Treatment Facility, Case Manager for DFACS, to working as the Director of Clinical Services for a Community Based Mental Health agency and owner of a private Mental Health Practice since 2013. I have conducted Adoption studies, Trainer for Foster Parenting program, Individual/Family/Group Counselor, Drug and Alcohol Counselor, and EAP. I have worked with all ages from as young 5, to 80 years of age.
Throughout the 20+ years dedicated to the field of Social Work, I have worked toward empowering the lives of Children, Adults, and Families. I have worked as a Mental Health Associate at a Residential Inpatient Treatment Facility, Case Manager for DFACS, to working as the Director of Clinical Services for a Community Based Mental Health agency and owner of a private Mental Health Practice since 2013. I have conducted Adoption studies, Trainer for Foster Parenting program, Individual/Family/Group Counselor, Drug and Alcohol Counselor, and EAP. I have worked with all ages from as young 5, to 80 years of age.
(404) 620-4636 View (404) 620-4636
Photo of Richard Spivey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Americus, GA
Richard Spivey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Macon, GA 31210
Richard Spivey is a Marriage and Family Therapist who has been practicing since 2021. He graduated from Mercer University in Macon Georgia with a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Richard believes that in order to be a good therapist he must rely on the patient to help design effective treatment options. He believes that the patient is the only person that can determine if treatment is working so he sees providing therapy as a combined effort between the therapist and the patient.
Richard Spivey is a Marriage and Family Therapist who has been practicing since 2021. He graduated from Mercer University in Macon Georgia with a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Richard believes that in order to be a good therapist he must rely on the patient to help design effective treatment options. He believes that the patient is the only person that can determine if treatment is working so he sees providing therapy as a combined effort between the therapist and the patient.
(478) 606-9953 View (478) 606-9953
Photo of Steven R. Jones- Marriage Couple Family Therapist, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Americus, GA
Steven R. Jones- Marriage Couple Family Therapist
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA-MFT, ICADC, CADC1, SYMBIS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fayetteville, GA 30214
I typically work with individuals with various diagnoses, couples struggling with marital issues and families navigating divorce, blended families, co-parenting, grief, insomnia, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, and OCD. I am well-suited, competent, and clinically trained in a variety of treatment approaches including but not limited to CBT, Trauma, attachment injury, internal family systems, DBT, and childhood trauma. I have an interest in working with substance misuse, and all types of addiction, including gambling and increasingly common tech porn.
I typically work with individuals with various diagnoses, couples struggling with marital issues and families navigating divorce, blended families, co-parenting, grief, insomnia, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, and OCD. I am well-suited, competent, and clinically trained in a variety of treatment approaches including but not limited to CBT, Trauma, attachment injury, internal family systems, DBT, and childhood trauma. I have an interest in working with substance misuse, and all types of addiction, including gambling and increasingly common tech porn.
(678) 324-3648 View (678) 324-3648
Photo of Develop-Mental Support Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Americus, GA
Develop-Mental Support Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peachtree City, GA 30269  (Online Only)
See clinician profile links below! Develop-Mental Support Service’s mission is to develop, cultivate, and guide growth in individuals and families collectively as our techniques summon the tools for a new perspective and the understanding that the process of change in each individual will demand a unique approach to help them arrive at truth and transparency for self. Our Clinicians utilize a diverse myriad of approaches and modalities to provide the tools and techniques you need to build effective habits that fit a positive lifestyle. We are here to help!
See clinician profile links below! Develop-Mental Support Service’s mission is to develop, cultivate, and guide growth in individuals and families collectively as our techniques summon the tools for a new perspective and the understanding that the process of change in each individual will demand a unique approach to help them arrive at truth and transparency for self. Our Clinicians utilize a diverse myriad of approaches and modalities to provide the tools and techniques you need to build effective habits that fit a positive lifestyle. We are here to help!
(678) 257-4223 View (678) 257-4223
Photo of Safe Haven Wellness Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Americus, GA
Safe Haven Wellness Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Locust Grove, GA 30248  (Online Only)
Therapy should be a safe space to unload, change behavior, and heal from the stuff that keeps us from living the life of our choosing. At Safe Haven, we strive to provide a place that encourages our clients to face good, bad and ugly realities, put down heavy baggage, develop healthy boundaries and speak their truth, unapologetically. We understand that, sometimes, you need someone who's been in the mud to help you dig your way out. So if that is where you are right now, call or email us. We'd love to help you dig out of that tough place and create a plan for the life you desire and deserve!
Therapy should be a safe space to unload, change behavior, and heal from the stuff that keeps us from living the life of our choosing. At Safe Haven, we strive to provide a place that encourages our clients to face good, bad and ugly realities, put down heavy baggage, develop healthy boundaries and speak their truth, unapologetically. We understand that, sometimes, you need someone who's been in the mud to help you dig your way out. So if that is where you are right now, call or email us. We'd love to help you dig out of that tough place and create a plan for the life you desire and deserve!
(470) 740-7678 View (470) 740-7678
Photo of Erica Arambulo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Americus, GA
Erica Arambulo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tifton, GA 31794
As a therapist, I understand that my clients are the experts of their own lives, and they possess all the knowledge and skills needed for change. My role in the therapeutic process is to facilitate this change by helping them establish a healthy relationship with their environment and themselves. With both compassion and mindfulness, I create a space in which my clients feel comfortable. It is important that my clients feel safe, heard, and respected. I focus on becoming one with my client as we walk side by side, through the therapeutic process…no matter the situation or circumstances they face.
As a therapist, I understand that my clients are the experts of their own lives, and they possess all the knowledge and skills needed for change. My role in the therapeutic process is to facilitate this change by helping them establish a healthy relationship with their environment and themselves. With both compassion and mindfulness, I create a space in which my clients feel comfortable. It is important that my clients feel safe, heard, and respected. I focus on becoming one with my client as we walk side by side, through the therapeutic process…no matter the situation or circumstances they face.
(229) 999-9365 View (229) 999-9365
Photo of Lakyah Bullock, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Americus, GA
Lakyah Bullock
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stockbridge, GA 30281
Clients are often impacted by their connections with others. I believe that it is important for individuals to have others who support their growth. This looks like having a reliable support system, being open with others, recognizing one’s needs in relationships, and expressing those needs. It is also important for an individual to have self-compassion and a belief in their own change. Therefore, through the therapeutic process, change occurs in individuals, couples, and families through a strenuous and difficult journey.
Clients are often impacted by their connections with others. I believe that it is important for individuals to have others who support their growth. This looks like having a reliable support system, being open with others, recognizing one’s needs in relationships, and expressing those needs. It is also important for an individual to have self-compassion and a belief in their own change. Therefore, through the therapeutic process, change occurs in individuals, couples, and families through a strenuous and difficult journey.
(770) 501-3749 View (770) 501-3749

See more therapy options for Americus

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Americus, GA

< 10

Therapists in Americus, GA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Coping Skills
78% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
86% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
86% Optum

How Therapists in Americus, GA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

63% Female
37% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Americus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.