Therapists in Athens, ON

Photo of Julia Woito, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Julia Woito
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Athens, ON K0E
At Life + Hope Counselling, we offer a diverse range of treatment options for anxiety, depression, PTSD, Borderline Personality traits, grief, and relational challenges. If you are feeling burdened with stress, anxiety, or past trauma; if you are emotionally overwhelmed with sadness or loss; if you are suffering burnout or are challenged in a life transition; if you are wanting to move into healthier behaviour patterns and relationship dynamics, we would like to help you.
At Life + Hope Counselling, we offer a diverse range of treatment options for anxiety, depression, PTSD, Borderline Personality traits, grief, and relational challenges. If you are feeling burdened with stress, anxiety, or past trauma; if you are emotionally overwhelmed with sadness or loss; if you are suffering burnout or are challenged in a life transition; if you are wanting to move into healthier behaviour patterns and relationship dynamics, we would like to help you.
(343) 500-6262 View (343) 500-6262

More Therapists Nearby

Natasha Penny
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC, TITC-CT, MA, BA
Verified Verified
Prescott, ON K0E
Currently accepting new clients, and offering clinical supervision. As your counsellor, I will work with you to create and nourish a safe environment. A space where you can talk openly, free from judgement or pressure, and feel comfortable in your vulnerability. Vulnerability allows you the opportunity to progress towards an authentic life while expressing and processing your emotions. I will support you in identifying your needs, and strengths. and work towards your desired lifestyle.
Currently accepting new clients, and offering clinical supervision. As your counsellor, I will work with you to create and nourish a safe environment. A space where you can talk openly, free from judgement or pressure, and feel comfortable in your vulnerability. Vulnerability allows you the opportunity to progress towards an authentic life while expressing and processing your emotions. I will support you in identifying your needs, and strengths. and work towards your desired lifestyle.
(343) 304-6185 View (343) 304-6185
Photo of The Dot Canada, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
The Dot Canada
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
Prescott, ON K0E  (Online Only)
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
(613) 519-2697 View (613) 519-2697
Photo of Courtney James Counselling and Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Courtney James Counselling and Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Prescott, ON K0E
We specialize in EMDR, trauma treatment, perinatal mental health and relational difficulties. We offer in-person and virtual therapy sessions to support you; your ability to feel safe and connected is our main priority.
We specialize in EMDR, trauma treatment, perinatal mental health and relational difficulties. We offer in-person and virtual therapy sessions to support you; your ability to feel safe and connected is our main priority.
(343) 314-0028 View (343) 314-0028
Photo of Nicole Sarsons, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Nicole Sarsons
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
Spencerville, ON K0E
I believe that we are all capable of making positive changes in our lives. My role as a therapist is to facilitate that process through warmth, understanding, and insight that can help you see things in a new way. We can work together to identify meaningful and attainable goals, improve relationships and connection, develop confidence and self-esteem, and lessen feelings of sadness, anger, loneliness and hurt. After all, the more we understand about our experiences, feelings, motivations, and needs, the more we can make deliberate choices about how we want to live.
I believe that we are all capable of making positive changes in our lives. My role as a therapist is to facilitate that process through warmth, understanding, and insight that can help you see things in a new way. We can work together to identify meaningful and attainable goals, improve relationships and connection, develop confidence and self-esteem, and lessen feelings of sadness, anger, loneliness and hurt. After all, the more we understand about our experiences, feelings, motivations, and needs, the more we can make deliberate choices about how we want to live.
(343) 306-4557 View (343) 306-4557
Photo of Kathryn Irene Thompson, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Kathryn Irene Thompson
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, BA, BST
Verified Verified
Seeleys Bay, ON K0H
What is meaningful to you and how can you bring more of that into your life? The impact of invalidation, abuse, and neglect can deeply affect your well-being and your ability to connect with others. I am here to help you explore these challenges and find solutions. As a trauma therapist, I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches, including narrative therapy, behavioral therapy, and somatic techniques like Brainspotting. If you already have a therapist, I can provide short-term support using Brainspotting and the Safe and Sound Protocol to complement your existing therapy.
What is meaningful to you and how can you bring more of that into your life? The impact of invalidation, abuse, and neglect can deeply affect your well-being and your ability to connect with others. I am here to help you explore these challenges and find solutions. As a trauma therapist, I draw from a range of therapeutic approaches, including narrative therapy, behavioral therapy, and somatic techniques like Brainspotting. If you already have a therapist, I can provide short-term support using Brainspotting and the Safe and Sound Protocol to complement your existing therapy.
(613) 707-3834 View (613) 707-3834
Photo of Anik Whyte, Registered Social Worker in Athens, ON
Anik Whyte
Registered Social Worker, BA, RSW
Verified Verified
Prescott, ON K0E
I started Anik Whyte Supports to ensure a responsive, supportive and welcoming service for you. I understand that life can hit us hard which impacts how we cope, feel, engage with others and even parent. Trauma healing, surviving crisis, coping strategies, relationships and parenting are all aspects that I can help you with. I also can travel to you (within 40 mins of Kemptville, ON) to help break down the barriers of rural support.
I started Anik Whyte Supports to ensure a responsive, supportive and welcoming service for you. I understand that life can hit us hard which impacts how we cope, feel, engage with others and even parent. Trauma healing, surviving crisis, coping strategies, relationships and parenting are all aspects that I can help you with. I also can travel to you (within 40 mins of Kemptville, ON) to help break down the barriers of rural support.
(343) 801-3274 View (343) 801-3274
Photo of Release Counselling Services, Registered Social Worker in Athens, ON
Release Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Prescott, ON K0E
At Release Counselling Services, we are dedicated to providing compassionate counselling services to individuals and couples. Our goal is to empower our clients to achieve their personal goals and to improve their overall quality of life. Our services include; couples counselling, individual counselling, kickboxing/counselling combined, walk and talks, in office and in home counselling for those that may not be able to leave home.
At Release Counselling Services, we are dedicated to providing compassionate counselling services to individuals and couples. Our goal is to empower our clients to achieve their personal goals and to improve their overall quality of life. Our services include; couples counselling, individual counselling, kickboxing/counselling combined, walk and talks, in office and in home counselling for those that may not be able to leave home.
(343) 312-5475 View (343) 312-5475

Online Therapists

Photo of Julena Breel, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Julena Breel
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, CCC, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1R
I offer feminist, trauma-centred therapy that works collaboratively to understand your internal world in meaningful ways. I am attuned to how family webs (present and ancestral), environments, and structural systems can influence the stories we carry about ourselves while holding space for the possibility other narratives, experiences, and emotions might also be central and important pieces to your identity. By exploring current location, childhood, significant attachments and experiences, and body-based wisdom I believe we will gain a richer understanding of who you are while working towards more emotional balance in your life.
I offer feminist, trauma-centred therapy that works collaboratively to understand your internal world in meaningful ways. I am attuned to how family webs (present and ancestral), environments, and structural systems can influence the stories we carry about ourselves while holding space for the possibility other narratives, experiences, and emotions might also be central and important pieces to your identity. By exploring current location, childhood, significant attachments and experiences, and body-based wisdom I believe we will gain a richer understanding of who you are while working towards more emotional balance in your life.
(343) 305-1013 View (343) 305-1013
Photo of Heather Joyce Ripley, Registered Social Worker in Athens, ON
Heather Joyce Ripley
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
I believe when we feel understood, validated, and supported…we heal. This is what psychotherapy is intended to do. My style is gentle and compassionate. I am an encourager by nature, so can help you identify & build on what you already do well. I am also sensitive by nature and there’s a good chance you are as well (it’s a genetic trait called "Highly Sensitive Person" that shows up in about 20% of the population & about 50% of therapy clients).
I believe when we feel understood, validated, and supported…we heal. This is what psychotherapy is intended to do. My style is gentle and compassionate. I am an encourager by nature, so can help you identify & build on what you already do well. I am also sensitive by nature and there’s a good chance you are as well (it’s a genetic trait called "Highly Sensitive Person" that shows up in about 20% of the population & about 50% of therapy clients).
View
Photo of Jessica Curran, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Jessica Curran
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, MACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Madoc, ON K0K
Living in a rural community, I have learned to be adaptive in my approach to psychotherapy. I work with couples and individuals, varying in age from 12 onward. I have ADHD and I live in a fat body- my special interests tend toward working with clients who are neurodiverse, and those who struggle with relationship to food and body, anxiety and self-esteem. The idea of 'wellness' is not a prescription, rather it must be a feeling of security and peace in our own bodies and minds. That's why my philosophy of care includes setting a pace that fits your needs and helping you foster your own feelings of empowerment and self-growth.
Living in a rural community, I have learned to be adaptive in my approach to psychotherapy. I work with couples and individuals, varying in age from 12 onward. I have ADHD and I live in a fat body- my special interests tend toward working with clients who are neurodiverse, and those who struggle with relationship to food and body, anxiety and self-esteem. The idea of 'wellness' is not a prescription, rather it must be a feeling of security and peace in our own bodies and minds. That's why my philosophy of care includes setting a pace that fits your needs and helping you foster your own feelings of empowerment and self-growth.
(343) 304-6312 View (343) 304-6312
Photo of Dr Malak Psychology Group, Psychologist in Athens, ON
Dr Malak Psychology Group
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2P  (Online Only)
We're here to help. We are a small team of highly specialized and skilled Ph.D./Psyc.D. level psychologists. We offer support to adolescents, adults (including seniors), couples and families. We have extensive experience and expertise dealing with various mental health concerns including: anxiety, depression, anger, alcohol and substance misuse, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, relationship problems, low self-esteem and feeling lost or lacking in life meaning.
We're here to help. We are a small team of highly specialized and skilled Ph.D./Psyc.D. level psychologists. We offer support to adolescents, adults (including seniors), couples and families. We have extensive experience and expertise dealing with various mental health concerns including: anxiety, depression, anger, alcohol and substance misuse, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, relationship problems, low self-esteem and feeling lost or lacking in life meaning.
(289) 302-6967 View (289) 302-6967
Photo of Jenna Hill, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Jenna Hill
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2P  (Online Only)
Are you someone who struggles with food? Do you under or overeat or feel like your eating is out of control? Do you have harsh thoughts about yourself after you have had food or when you think about your body? You’re worried about your weight, health, and mental health? You feel out of control and stuck. I am here to help. I help people deal with eating issues, disordered eating, and eating disorders feel better about eating and their body. I have a passion for helping others with their relationship with food and feeling better.
Are you someone who struggles with food? Do you under or overeat or feel like your eating is out of control? Do you have harsh thoughts about yourself after you have had food or when you think about your body? You’re worried about your weight, health, and mental health? You feel out of control and stuck. I am here to help. I help people deal with eating issues, disordered eating, and eating disorders feel better about eating and their body. I have a passion for helping others with their relationship with food and feeling better.
(343) 307-5822 View (343) 307-5822
Photo of Kelly Collins, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Kelly Collins
Registered Psychotherapist, PhDCand, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
Kingston, ON K7P  (Online Only)
When life gets messy, we all sometimes need a little help along the way. I walk with you, listen, help you get in touch with your inner wisdom, and find the next steps on your path to your best “you.” If you struggle with relationships, grief and loss, major life change, new diagnosis or palliative illness, spiritual issues, or feeling stuck, you may want to choose me as your therapist. I especially understand the needs of those providing care to others--caregivers, first responders, faith leaders, and health professionals.
When life gets messy, we all sometimes need a little help along the way. I walk with you, listen, help you get in touch with your inner wisdom, and find the next steps on your path to your best “you.” If you struggle with relationships, grief and loss, major life change, new diagnosis or palliative illness, spiritual issues, or feeling stuck, you may want to choose me as your therapist. I especially understand the needs of those providing care to others--caregivers, first responders, faith leaders, and health professionals.
(226) 271-6503 View (226) 271-6503
Photo of Daniela Violo, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Athens, ON
Daniela Violo
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP (Q)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kingston, ON K7K  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed and stuck in life? Have you been struggling with negative thoughts, emotions, and unhealthy coping? You are not alone. Many of us face life challenges and sometimes need professional help to move through them and find ourselves again. Taking the first step in finding support can be daunting, and doing so is already a strong indicator of inner strengths like courage and resilience. I offer a safe, caring, and non-judgemental space for you to be and learn about yourself so you can move toward the life you want to live.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and stuck in life? Have you been struggling with negative thoughts, emotions, and unhealthy coping? You are not alone. Many of us face life challenges and sometimes need professional help to move through them and find ourselves again. Taking the first step in finding support can be daunting, and doing so is already a strong indicator of inner strengths like courage and resilience. I offer a safe, caring, and non-judgemental space for you to be and learn about yourself so you can move toward the life you want to live.
(289) 769-9024 View (289) 769-9024
Photo of Berline Foadjo Awoume, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Athens, ON
Berline Foadjo Awoume
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BSc, MSc, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gloucester, ON K1V
As a therapist, I value human strength to overcome challenging moments. I believe that you have within you what it takes to face life's challenges and strive. You only need extra support, encouragement, and empowerment to build resiliency and live a fulfilling life. I dedicated my last six years supporting children, adults, youth, and families with different socio-economic needs and from diverse communities facing immigration challenges, life transitions, loss, anxiety, and trauma. With a background in Neurosciences, and social work, I am equipped with extensive knowledge and skills to tailor intervention to meet client's needs.
As a therapist, I value human strength to overcome challenging moments. I believe that you have within you what it takes to face life's challenges and strive. You only need extra support, encouragement, and empowerment to build resiliency and live a fulfilling life. I dedicated my last six years supporting children, adults, youth, and families with different socio-economic needs and from diverse communities facing immigration challenges, life transitions, loss, anxiety, and trauma. With a background in Neurosciences, and social work, I am equipped with extensive knowledge and skills to tailor intervention to meet client's needs.
(343) 314-0512 View (343) 314-0512
Photo of Rabieh Abou Rahal - Sl Psychotherapy And Wellness, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Athens, ON
Rabieh Abou Rahal - Sl Psychotherapy And Wellness
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2L  (Online Only)
I believe each person is on their own unique journey that is often presented with a collection of different opportunities and challenges. My goal is to walk alongside my clients to support them on their journey; towards a path of meaningful change. I am passionate about creating a supportive, caring, and non-judgmental space where people can be their authentic selves. I value preserving this space where people may feel comfortable exploring their journey with me and expressing their thoughts and emotions.
I believe each person is on their own unique journey that is often presented with a collection of different opportunities and challenges. My goal is to walk alongside my clients to support them on their journey; towards a path of meaningful change. I am passionate about creating a supportive, caring, and non-judgmental space where people can be their authentic selves. I value preserving this space where people may feel comfortable exploring their journey with me and expressing their thoughts and emotions.
(343) 633-4294 View (343) 633-4294
Photo of Dominique Dufour, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Athens, ON
Dominique Dufour
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cornwall, ON K6H
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) and I have 10 years of experience doing crisis interventions and therapeutic work around abuse, addiction, mental health, and concurrent disorders. I also have experience in working with clients who have gone through severe trauma, such as human trafficking and those who present with very complex needs.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) and I have 10 years of experience doing crisis interventions and therapeutic work around abuse, addiction, mental health, and concurrent disorders. I also have experience in working with clients who have gone through severe trauma, such as human trafficking and those who present with very complex needs.
View
Photo of Andrée Leduc, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Andrée Leduc
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kemptville, ON K0G
Currently welcoming new clients! I strive to help and support my clients who may be facing stressors and mental health illnesses such as, relationship difficulties, infidelity, grief, life transitions, anxiety, depression, PTSD & C-PSTD. I offer services in French and English. As a former law enforcement officer, I am very passionate about helping, and am in a unique position to understand first responders from all branches who may be struggling with the stressors inherent within these professions, including PTSD, Operational Stress Injuries, moral injuries, and organizational stress.
Currently welcoming new clients! I strive to help and support my clients who may be facing stressors and mental health illnesses such as, relationship difficulties, infidelity, grief, life transitions, anxiety, depression, PTSD & C-PSTD. I offer services in French and English. As a former law enforcement officer, I am very passionate about helping, and am in a unique position to understand first responders from all branches who may be struggling with the stressors inherent within these professions, including PTSD, Operational Stress Injuries, moral injuries, and organizational stress.
(343) 321-2005 View (343) 321-2005
Photo of Sundus Jan, Registered Psychotherapist in Athens, ON
Sundus Jan
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K2J  (Online Only)
Welcome! As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you in understanding your needs to make positive changes in your life through identifying space for growth and healing, insight, practical tools and empowering you to reconnect with your strengths. Together, we will achieve this by creating a path aligned with your values and principles. I am a trauma-informed practitioner and therefore resonate with modalities crucial for processing, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family systems, & Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (incorporating polyvagal theory & mindfulness).
Welcome! As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you in understanding your needs to make positive changes in your life through identifying space for growth and healing, insight, practical tools and empowering you to reconnect with your strengths. Together, we will achieve this by creating a path aligned with your values and principles. I am a trauma-informed practitioner and therefore resonate with modalities crucial for processing, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family systems, & Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (incorporating polyvagal theory & mindfulness).
(343) 882-8215 View (343) 882-8215

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Athens, ON

< 10

Counsellors in Athens, ON who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Child
100% ADHD
100% Grief
100% Parenting

Average years in practice

7 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Athens, ON see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Athens?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.