Photo of Amber A Hughes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Amber A Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Polson, MT 59860
I work with clients to resolve issues using evidence-based modalities such as somatic experiencing, internal family systems, mindfulness and reflective listening.
In life we encounter experiences that conceal our potential to flourish or succeed and this can make us feel stuck or helpless in a sense of suffering, struggling to get by. These blocks can come in many forms: traumatic experiences, negative messages we receive, illness, relationship patterns, grief, depression, anxiety, among others. Together we can work to find the root of the issue and find healing. I work to serve as a mirror to my clients, reflecting insights about patterns, internal dialog, and behaviors that are hard to "see".
I work with clients to resolve issues using evidence-based modalities such as somatic experiencing, internal family systems, mindfulness and reflective listening.
In life we encounter experiences that conceal our potential to flourish or succeed and this can make us feel stuck or helpless in a sense of suffering, struggling to get by. These blocks can come in many forms: traumatic experiences, negative messages we receive, illness, relationship patterns, grief, depression, anxiety, among others. Together we can work to find the root of the issue and find healing. I work to serve as a mirror to my clients, reflecting insights about patterns, internal dialog, and behaviors that are hard to "see".
(406) 412-6768 View (406) 412-6768
Photo of Jp Prettybull, Pre-Licensed Professional in Polson, MT
Jp Prettybull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
Polson, MT 59860  (Online Only)
In order to help people build the lives they want to lead, I use a wide range of evidence based approaches, drawing heavily from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Family Systems Therapy.
Currently taking new clients. I work with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ptsd, and other challenges. My focus has been on ensuring that effective therapy is available for individuals, families, and adolescents from all walks of life. As a white-passing, enrolled member of the Ponca tribe who has spent 8 years in the US Army and identifies as part of the LGBTQ+ community, I understand some of the lived experiences that often leave people feeling misunderstood and disconnected from the people around them, and I understand how to guide you through many ways we can move you toward a healthier, more satisfying life.
In order to help people build the lives they want to lead, I use a wide range of evidence based approaches, drawing heavily from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Family Systems Therapy.
Currently taking new clients. I work with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ptsd, and other challenges. My focus has been on ensuring that effective therapy is available for individuals, families, and adolescents from all walks of life. As a white-passing, enrolled member of the Ponca tribe who has spent 8 years in the US Army and identifies as part of the LGBTQ+ community, I understand some of the lived experiences that often leave people feeling misunderstood and disconnected from the people around them, and I understand how to guide you through many ways we can move you toward a healthier, more satisfying life.
(406) 732-6514 View (406) 732-6514
Photo of Julie Ann Nardi, Counselor in Polson, MT
Julie Ann Nardi
Counselor, LCC
Verified Verified
Polson, MT 59860
Years later, family system of intimacy has surpassed other more limited models of marriage such as the Gottman communication and attachment approaches.
Julie is one of the most insightful, caring counselors showing keen insight into matters of love, affairs, childhood sexual abuse, with a big-hearted approach to heal emotional and physical scars of childhood and victimization. With couples, Julie encourages loving with abandon from a position of personal strength and solid self. She relies as much on 34 years marriage as she does on system interventions and textbook solutions. She is also talented counseling those with issues stemming from chronic diseases like diabetes, MS, and other auto-immune conditions. Julie loves counseling women ready to use kindhearted assertiveness.
Years later, family system of intimacy has surpassed other more limited models of marriage such as the Gottman communication and attachment approaches.
Julie is one of the most insightful, caring counselors showing keen insight into matters of love, affairs, childhood sexual abuse, with a big-hearted approach to heal emotional and physical scars of childhood and victimization. With couples, Julie encourages loving with abandon from a position of personal strength and solid self. She relies as much on 34 years marriage as she does on system interventions and textbook solutions. She is also talented counseling those with issues stemming from chronic diseases like diabetes, MS, and other auto-immune conditions. Julie loves counseling women ready to use kindhearted assertiveness.
(406) 205-3337 View (406) 205-3337
Photo of Christy Newell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Christy Newell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CCS
Verified Verified
Polson, MT 59860
Waitlist for new clients
I value partnering with others during their journey of healing through anxiety, trauma, grief, substance use, and other issues. Healing is a journey as a person navigates challenges from both within and outside of themselves. Helping people integrate their faith into this process is one of my specialties.
I value partnering with others during their journey of healing through anxiety, trauma, grief, substance use, and other issues. Healing is a journey as a person navigates challenges from both within and outside of themselves. Helping people integrate their faith into this process is one of my specialties.
(406) 210-0035 View (406) 210-0035
Photo of Marissa Mae Ilac, Counselor in Polson, MT
Marissa Mae Ilac
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Polson, MT 59860
Life can throw us some difficult challenges and so many struggle with navigating through those challenges. It can sometimes feel like there is no light at the end of the tunnel and it is during these times, we all could use extra support. It also takes courage to reach out for help. I believe that everyone has the strength to get through life's toughest challenges with the right tools and support. That is why I am here to provide a safe, supportive environment, listen to you, and work with you to help find solutions and help you get back to living life.
Life can throw us some difficult challenges and so many struggle with navigating through those challenges. It can sometimes feel like there is no light at the end of the tunnel and it is during these times, we all could use extra support. It also takes courage to reach out for help. I believe that everyone has the strength to get through life's toughest challenges with the right tools and support. That is why I am here to provide a safe, supportive environment, listen to you, and work with you to help find solutions and help you get back to living life.
(406) 225-0746 View (406) 225-0746
Photo of Samuel Ore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Samuel Ore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Polson, MT 59860
Montanans face unique challenges related to geography, a culture of individualism, intergenerational patterns of trauma, and a changing economy. I’ve spent my career developing evidence-based skills to meet the needs of my neighbors. This starts with building a straightforward relationship as a foundation for work that attends to the needs of our physiology, psychology, spirituality, and our community. Therapy is about cultivating ongoing processes of resilience that continue outside of the office and everyday I do my best to work myself out of a job.
Montanans face unique challenges related to geography, a culture of individualism, intergenerational patterns of trauma, and a changing economy. I’ve spent my career developing evidence-based skills to meet the needs of my neighbors. This starts with building a straightforward relationship as a foundation for work that attends to the needs of our physiology, psychology, spirituality, and our community. Therapy is about cultivating ongoing processes of resilience that continue outside of the office and everyday I do my best to work myself out of a job.
(406) 215-4767 View (406) 215-4767
Photo of Marillee Norvell, Counselor in Polson, MT
Marillee Norvell
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Polson, MT 59860
Waitlist for new clients
Often, life challenges us with obstacles to our best health and wellbeing. I believe in offering a safe and comfortable setting for you to develop a plan to move towards your greatest potential and quality wellness. This may include learning new coping skills, having a safe place to reflect and improve communication as well as utilizing clinical interventions to reduce symptoms. My goal is to support you in overcoming issues that prevent a deeper sense of purpose, self-awareness, and joy in your life. Diversity and multiculturalism are at the root of my therapeutic practice.
Often, life challenges us with obstacles to our best health and wellbeing. I believe in offering a safe and comfortable setting for you to develop a plan to move towards your greatest potential and quality wellness. This may include learning new coping skills, having a safe place to reflect and improve communication as well as utilizing clinical interventions to reduce symptoms. My goal is to support you in overcoming issues that prevent a deeper sense of purpose, self-awareness, and joy in your life. Diversity and multiculturalism are at the root of my therapeutic practice.
(406) 743-3796 View (406) 743-3796

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Irmak B Redhawk, Counselor in Polson, MT
Irmak B Redhawk
Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Ronan, MT 59864
Hello! I am a seasoned competent practitioner with a PhD in psychology. I believe in an authentic and practical approach, offering my clients the necessary tools that can be utilized immediately in combating daily distresses. My services range from horse assisted therapy to grief counseling, somatic healing, mindfulness practices, spiritual counseling, life coaching, and traditional psychotherapy. I am very well versed in different therapeutic modalities and techniques addressing a wide variety of issues, such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, neurodevelopment disorders. My specialty is helping adults on the Autism spectrum and Trauma.
Hello! I am a seasoned competent practitioner with a PhD in psychology. I believe in an authentic and practical approach, offering my clients the necessary tools that can be utilized immediately in combating daily distresses. My services range from horse assisted therapy to grief counseling, somatic healing, mindfulness practices, spiritual counseling, life coaching, and traditional psychotherapy. I am very well versed in different therapeutic modalities and techniques addressing a wide variety of issues, such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, neurodevelopment disorders. My specialty is helping adults on the Autism spectrum and Trauma.
(406) 282-8360 View (406) 282-8360

Online Therapists

Photo of Jesse King, Marriage & Family Therapist in Polson, MT
Jesse King
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59803
My clinical focus is helping people adjust to life transitions, recover from trauma, overcome emotional distress, and learn new behaviors to cope. I am a Veteran, and have provided counseling services to military members and their families for 20 years. My education is based on an understanding of neuroscience and the human systems it supports such as language, attachment, cognition, and behavior. I am considerate of culture, identity, and intersectionality. I utilize Systemic, Cognitive, Behavioral, Attachment, Family Systems, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Solution-Focused interventions to reach client goals.
My clinical focus is helping people adjust to life transitions, recover from trauma, overcome emotional distress, and learn new behaviors to cope. I am a Veteran, and have provided counseling services to military members and their families for 20 years. My education is based on an understanding of neuroscience and the human systems it supports such as language, attachment, cognition, and behavior. I am considerate of culture, identity, and intersectionality. I utilize Systemic, Cognitive, Behavioral, Attachment, Family Systems, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Solution-Focused interventions to reach client goals.
(406) 272-8757 View (406) 272-8757
Photo of Becca Kwon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Becca Kwon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59803
Waitlist for new clients
Becca is a Level 1 Gottman Certified Family therapist.
Becca meets every client where they are and believes in going at the pace of her client's needs. She believes that building a relationship is what allows a therapeutic relationship to flourish and be successful. She believes the client is the expert of their own life, and progress can only be made when the client is ready. By offering a friendly and welcoming atmosphere, she feels everyone can be successful and make positive changes in their lives with the proper support, and to increase their quality of life.
Becca is a Level 1 Gottman Certified Family therapist.
Becca meets every client where they are and believes in going at the pace of her client's needs. She believes that building a relationship is what allows a therapeutic relationship to flourish and be successful. She believes the client is the expert of their own life, and progress can only be made when the client is ready. By offering a friendly and welcoming atmosphere, she feels everyone can be successful and make positive changes in their lives with the proper support, and to increase their quality of life.
(406) 540-0291 View (406) 540-0291
Photo of Level Up Therapy, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Level Up Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kalispell, MT 59901  (Online Only)
Sometimes our life experiences have a way of causing an altered view of ourselves and the world around us. Trauma and grief can also cause us to disconnect from our lives and the people we love, leaving us feeling unsettled, anxious, and lost. My approach to counseling involves creating a safe space for my clients that supports self-exploration, understanding, and personal growth. My strength-based, trauma-informed practice draws primarily from cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, mindfulness practices, and internal family systems. Together, we can define your goals and values, and explore who you truly are.
Sometimes our life experiences have a way of causing an altered view of ourselves and the world around us. Trauma and grief can also cause us to disconnect from our lives and the people we love, leaving us feeling unsettled, anxious, and lost. My approach to counseling involves creating a safe space for my clients that supports self-exploration, understanding, and personal growth. My strength-based, trauma-informed practice draws primarily from cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, mindfulness practices, and internal family systems. Together, we can define your goals and values, and explore who you truly are.
(406) 747-0223 View (406) 747-0223
Photo of Sara Curtin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Sara Curtin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Life is difficult to navigate in the best of circumstances. We often carry with us a past that influences how we interact with others, our perception of the way others interact with us, and the patterns we form in our relationships. You do not have to navigate these waters alone. Therapy can help support your individual, family and relationship goals. I understand it takes courage to ask for help and I want to make the process easy for you.
Life is difficult to navigate in the best of circumstances. We often carry with us a past that influences how we interact with others, our perception of the way others interact with us, and the patterns we form in our relationships. You do not have to navigate these waters alone. Therapy can help support your individual, family and relationship goals. I understand it takes courage to ask for help and I want to make the process easy for you.
(406) 226-8192 View (406) 226-8192
Photo of Shawna Belle Buffalo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Shawna Belle Buffalo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlee, MT 59821
I use internal family systems for family therapy & Gottman techniques combined with emotion focused for couples.
Helping individuals heal and improve their lives is what drives my work as a therapist. I offer a non-judgmental space and treat the whole individual. Our relationship is the most important foundation that will determine positive outcomes, and I keep that at the forefront of my work. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I use a team approach to help clients learn new coping skills & healthier ways to problem-solve their issues.
I use internal family systems for family therapy & Gottman techniques combined with emotion focused for couples.
Helping individuals heal and improve their lives is what drives my work as a therapist. I offer a non-judgmental space and treat the whole individual. Our relationship is the most important foundation that will determine positive outcomes, and I keep that at the forefront of my work. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I use a team approach to help clients learn new coping skills & healthier ways to problem-solve their issues.
(406) 412-2280 View (406) 412-2280
Photo of Joseph Boland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Joseph Boland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59808
I offer supportive, relataional, interpersonal counseling based on attachment theory, Internal Family Systems and within the Emortional Focused framework.
“Your task is not to seek for Love, but to find all the barriers you have built within yourself against it”, Rumi. Do you find yourself repeating a cycle of staying in disatisfying jobs, or unhappy relationships, but unable to break out? Exploring the root of these behaviors can help free us to be be our more authentic selves. From a place of self love, we can recognize the nature and causes of limiting beliefs, self defeating behavior, and move into deeper, more satisfying relationships, and coming to a greater sense of belonging, joy and love with ourselves and others.
I offer supportive, relataional, interpersonal counseling based on attachment theory, Internal Family Systems and within the Emortional Focused framework.
“Your task is not to seek for Love, but to find all the barriers you have built within yourself against it”, Rumi. Do you find yourself repeating a cycle of staying in disatisfying jobs, or unhappy relationships, but unable to break out? Exploring the root of these behaviors can help free us to be be our more authentic selves. From a place of self love, we can recognize the nature and causes of limiting beliefs, self defeating behavior, and move into deeper, more satisfying relationships, and coming to a greater sense of belonging, joy and love with ourselves and others.
(406) 559-2411 View (406) 559-2411
Photo of Nick Lumpkin, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Polson, MT
Nick Lumpkin
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59803
Nick has experience working with children and their family's to assist in creating positive change within the family unit.
Nick helps his clients create positive change in their lives and assists them on their journey of self-actualization. Nick’s therapeutic focus is to lead his individual clients on the path that will help them become what they strive to be in life, through compassion, encouragement, and various therapeutic modalities. He believes that by creating strong therapeutic relationships with clients, they can work toward positive change and happier, healthier lives.
Nick has experience working with children and their family's to assist in creating positive change within the family unit.
Nick helps his clients create positive change in their lives and assists them on their journey of self-actualization. Nick’s therapeutic focus is to lead his individual clients on the path that will help them become what they strive to be in life, through compassion, encouragement, and various therapeutic modalities. He believes that by creating strong therapeutic relationships with clients, they can work toward positive change and happier, healthier lives.
(406) 359-6859 View (406) 359-6859
Montana Center for Somatic Psychotherapy
Counselor, LCPC, LCSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
We offer Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Authentic Movement, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Hakomi, Circle of Security, Group Therapy, Couples Therapy, Individual and Family Therapy.
Life can feel a bit too much at times. Here at Montana Center for Somatic Psychotherapy we can offer our presence to help you slow down, reconnect with your body, your feelings, and what you want to believe about yourself. We can help you work through the patterns physically and in relationships where you feel pain and that hold you back from the life you want to live. We work with Trauma and PTSD, Attachment and Relationships, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Family issues, and a longing to connect with something much bigger than yourself.
We offer Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Authentic Movement, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Hakomi, Circle of Security, Group Therapy, Couples Therapy, Individual and Family Therapy.
Life can feel a bit too much at times. Here at Montana Center for Somatic Psychotherapy we can offer our presence to help you slow down, reconnect with your body, your feelings, and what you want to believe about yourself. We can help you work through the patterns physically and in relationships where you feel pain and that hold you back from the life you want to live. We work with Trauma and PTSD, Attachment and Relationships, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Family issues, and a longing to connect with something much bigger than yourself.
(406) 412-2502 View (406) 412-2502
Photo of Montana Counseling Solutions, Licensed Professional Counselor in Polson, MT
Montana Counseling Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kalispell, MT 59901
I have worked with a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, foster-care, adoption, attachment, anger, ODD, self-esteem, family conflict and stress, and social skills.
As a therapist my goal is to help clients overcome barriers so that they can live happier and healthier lives. In order to do this, I work on supporting my clients where they are in their journey and collaborate with them on their treatment. I provide a genuine, safe experience for my clients by incorporating creativity, humor, and play into sessions.
I have worked with a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, foster-care, adoption, attachment, anger, ODD, self-esteem, family conflict and stress, and social skills.
As a therapist my goal is to help clients overcome barriers so that they can live happier and healthier lives. In order to do this, I work on supporting my clients where they are in their journey and collaborate with them on their treatment. I provide a genuine, safe experience for my clients by incorporating creativity, humor, and play into sessions.
(406) 295-6087 View (406) 295-6087
Photo of Samuel Harkness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Samuel Harkness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitefish, MT 59937
I enjoy working with children and adults at all stages of life, and specialize in adolescence, early adulthood, parents and family work. Perhaps you are a young person struggling to meet the expectations of those around you or to figure out who you are and where you fit in. Maybe you are a parent finding yourself slipping as you navigate the challenges of raising children with complex needs in addition to your own responsibilities. You might be falling into unhealthy habits, losing focus or in acute crisis. I specialize in issues related to depression, anxiety, identity, transitions, trauma, family systems and personality disorders.
I enjoy working with children and adults at all stages of life, and specialize in adolescence, early adulthood, parents and family work. Perhaps you are a young person struggling to meet the expectations of those around you or to figure out who you are and where you fit in. Maybe you are a parent finding yourself slipping as you navigate the challenges of raising children with complex needs in addition to your own responsibilities. You might be falling into unhealthy habits, losing focus or in acute crisis. I specialize in issues related to depression, anxiety, identity, transitions, trauma, family systems and personality disorders.
(406) 209-8322 View (406) 209-8322
Photo of Dylan Spradlin / Family Insights, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Dylan Spradlin / Family Insights
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Grow your confidence as a parent and strengthen your family’s connection and harmony.
Are you worried for your child? Does your child act out in class, or have extreme meltdowns at home causing your own tension levels to rise? Maybe bedtime is a struggle because your child is scared and has nightmares, resulting in the evenings spent lying in bed with your child, comforting and soothing. Your family may have gone through a big transition like a divorce or death of a loved one, or a move to a new home - or maybe these behaviors are a mystery to you. But they are taking up the focus in your family, causing stress in your marriage, and you're desperate for a solution. You just want your child to feel better.
Grow your confidence as a parent and strengthen your family’s connection and harmony.
Are you worried for your child? Does your child act out in class, or have extreme meltdowns at home causing your own tension levels to rise? Maybe bedtime is a struggle because your child is scared and has nightmares, resulting in the evenings spent lying in bed with your child, comforting and soothing. Your family may have gone through a big transition like a divorce or death of a loved one, or a move to a new home - or maybe these behaviors are a mystery to you. But they are taking up the focus in your family, causing stress in your marriage, and you're desperate for a solution. You just want your child to feel better.
(406) 709-8580 View (406) 709-8580
Photo of Andrea Strizich, MSW, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Polson, MT
Andrea Strizich, MSW, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
With youth, I serve those affected by family and school conflicts, trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, grief, LBGTQI youth.
I have an inclusive practice where I care for clients presenting with diverse issues. These include elderly, adults, young adults, youth, and families. In my 30+ years of experience, I have worked in a variety of settings engaging in diverse practice using an eclectic approach with individualized interventions. I believe that individuals have the ability to heal and grow within the context of relationships. I emphasize a framework of building a strong relationship of trust and safety.
With youth, I serve those affected by family and school conflicts, trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, grief, LBGTQI youth.
I have an inclusive practice where I care for clients presenting with diverse issues. These include elderly, adults, young adults, youth, and families. In my 30+ years of experience, I have worked in a variety of settings engaging in diverse practice using an eclectic approach with individualized interventions. I believe that individuals have the ability to heal and grow within the context of relationships. I emphasize a framework of building a strong relationship of trust and safety.
(406) 412-3564 View (406) 412-3564

See more therapy options for Polson

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.