Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists in Butler County, PA

Photo of Michelle (Bell) Braun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Butler County, PA
Michelle (Bell) Braun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am a licensed clinical social worker with extensive experience in working with individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship or family issues. While I use a multifaceted approach when working with clients, I have found that mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy together provide the most benefit. Because our relationships with ourselves and others have been so heavily influenced by what we learned in our family of origin, I also help clients to understand how these family dynamics impact various aspects of life.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with extensive experience in working with individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship or family issues. While I use a multifaceted approach when working with clients, I have found that mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy together provide the most benefit. Because our relationships with ourselves and others have been so heavily influenced by what we learned in our family of origin, I also help clients to understand how these family dynamics impact various aspects of life.
(412) 455-7223 View (412) 455-7223
Photo of Jannette Travali, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Jannette Travali
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, MPH, MS, NCC/LPC, RDN/LDN, CEDS
Verified Verified
Seven Fields, PA 16046
I am a Psychotherapist, Nutrition Therapist & Exercise Physiologist. With the Client/Therapist Relationship at CORE, I provide Individualized, Integrative Care: Eating Disorders, Trauma, Mood, Relationships, Transitions -acknowledging & encouraging growth of diverse values &/or needs, I use an Eclectic Therapeutic Approach –including Person-Centered, Mindfulness, Expressive (art, music, movement, writing), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), CBT, RO-DBT, Existential, Narrative, EMDR, Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Psychology, Nutrition Therapy –Intuitive Eating/HAES (Health at Any Size) & Medical Nutrition Therapy.
I am a Psychotherapist, Nutrition Therapist & Exercise Physiologist. With the Client/Therapist Relationship at CORE, I provide Individualized, Integrative Care: Eating Disorders, Trauma, Mood, Relationships, Transitions -acknowledging & encouraging growth of diverse values &/or needs, I use an Eclectic Therapeutic Approach –including Person-Centered, Mindfulness, Expressive (art, music, movement, writing), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), CBT, RO-DBT, Existential, Narrative, EMDR, Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Psychology, Nutrition Therapy –Intuitive Eating/HAES (Health at Any Size) & Medical Nutrition Therapy.
(724) 320-1816 View (724) 320-1816
Photo of Mary Murrin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Butler County, PA
Mary Murrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
I use evidence-based treatments, mindfulness practices, and trauma based approaches to help individuals identify sources of conflict, make changes, and experience meaningfulness in their lives.
Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to work toward resolving personal struggles. I offer a confidential place for counseling and support in a collaborative environment. For over 20 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in multiple behavioral health settings which have included private practice, outpatient behavioral agencies, schools, drug and alcohol centers, and in-patient units.
I use evidence-based treatments, mindfulness practices, and trauma based approaches to help individuals identify sources of conflict, make changes, and experience meaningfulness in their lives.
Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to work toward resolving personal struggles. I offer a confidential place for counseling and support in a collaborative environment. For over 20 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in multiple behavioral health settings which have included private practice, outpatient behavioral agencies, schools, drug and alcohol centers, and in-patient units.
(724) 577-7927 View (724) 577-7927
Photo of Nicole Monteleone, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Nicole Monteleone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
My therapeutic approaches are evidence based and include mindfulness, EMDR and cognitive behavioral therapy.
It is my personal belief that every individual has limitless potential to heal, grow and change. As your therapist, it is my goal to help you unlock your capabilities to achieve wellness, happiness and balance in your life and to provide a welcoming, judgment free space for every individual's self-exploration. I act as a guide for individuals and couples gaining insight into their lives and relationships and help apply that knowledge to inspire your change and growth.
My therapeutic approaches are evidence based and include mindfulness, EMDR and cognitive behavioral therapy.
It is my personal belief that every individual has limitless potential to heal, grow and change. As your therapist, it is my goal to help you unlock your capabilities to achieve wellness, happiness and balance in your life and to provide a welcoming, judgment free space for every individual's self-exploration. I act as a guide for individuals and couples gaining insight into their lives and relationships and help apply that knowledge to inspire your change and growth.
(412) 275-4392 View (412) 275-4392
Photo of Maddy Weimer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Maddy Weimer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Seven Fields, PA 16046
I offer a supportive, comfortable environment for each client and offer evidence-based treatment modalities such as CBT, ERP, mindfulness, DBT, ACT, etc.
Working with children, adolescents, and young adults experiencing anxiety, depression, and other life stressors.
I offer a supportive, comfortable environment for each client and offer evidence-based treatment modalities such as CBT, ERP, mindfulness, DBT, ACT, etc.
Working with children, adolescents, and young adults experiencing anxiety, depression, and other life stressors.
(724) 607-8850 View (724) 607-8850
Photo of Nichole Barrett, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Nichole Barrett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Cranberry Township, PA 16066  (Online Only)
I am experienced in utilizing evidence based treatments such as CBT and mindfulness and can guide you in learning new skills and building resilience.
Sometimes we feel like our light has been dimmed by our past experiences and ongoing life stressors. Maybe others have noticed that you have been more irritable, distant, or just “different”. Whether it be anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or other life circumstances, don’t let that hold you back from building the life you deserve. You’re here because you finally want to take back control of your life and begin to find yourself again. Your struggles do not have to define you and you deserve to be happy.
I am experienced in utilizing evidence based treatments such as CBT and mindfulness and can guide you in learning new skills and building resilience.
Sometimes we feel like our light has been dimmed by our past experiences and ongoing life stressors. Maybe others have noticed that you have been more irritable, distant, or just “different”. Whether it be anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or other life circumstances, don’t let that hold you back from building the life you deserve. You’re here because you finally want to take back control of your life and begin to find yourself again. Your struggles do not have to define you and you deserve to be happy.
(724) 604-5012 View (724) 604-5012
Photo of Alexandra Dimoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Alexandra Dimoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Mars, PA 16046
I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, and autism spectrum disorders with a focus on social skills, healthy relationships, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Accepting new clients! Sometimes our journey requires a detour. It may feel mentally and physically overwhelming. Having someone to help navigate anxiety, depression, uncertainty, relationships, work, and day-to-day life is the first step in helping you reach your final destination. I believe in finding joy in the journey, and the therapeutic relationship is a vital component of the healing process in the journey. Let me help guide you in your journey. I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, and OCD.
I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, and autism spectrum disorders with a focus on social skills, healthy relationships, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Accepting new clients! Sometimes our journey requires a detour. It may feel mentally and physically overwhelming. Having someone to help navigate anxiety, depression, uncertainty, relationships, work, and day-to-day life is the first step in helping you reach your final destination. I believe in finding joy in the journey, and the therapeutic relationship is a vital component of the healing process in the journey. Let me help guide you in your journey. I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, and OCD.
(724) 546-5302 View (724) 546-5302
Photo of Julia Gatti, Psychologist in Butler County, PA
Julia Gatti
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Some of these topics include Trauma and Recovery, DBT,self injury, Grief and Loss, Mindfulness, cultural competence, mindbody interactions.
I am a licensed psychologist and have been providing therapy for individuals, families and couples for over 23 years. I have been in private practice since 1992, and have worked extensively in private, hospital and community mental health settings. My work focuses on helping people who are experiencing Depression and Anxiety. I specialize in the treatment of trauma and physical (body) problems. My specialties include trauma(PTSD, dissociation), abuse (sexual, physical, domestic),anxiety disorders,and body issues (illness, pain, eating disorders, fibromyalgia). I believe all people can become happier and I work with clients to make families healthier places for everyone.
Some of these topics include Trauma and Recovery, DBT,self injury, Grief and Loss, Mindfulness, cultural competence, mindbody interactions.
I am a licensed psychologist and have been providing therapy for individuals, families and couples for over 23 years. I have been in private practice since 1992, and have worked extensively in private, hospital and community mental health settings. My work focuses on helping people who are experiencing Depression and Anxiety. I specialize in the treatment of trauma and physical (body) problems. My specialties include trauma(PTSD, dissociation), abuse (sexual, physical, domestic),anxiety disorders,and body issues (illness, pain, eating disorders, fibromyalgia). I believe all people can become happier and I work with clients to make families healthier places for everyone.
(724) 498-4939 View (724) 498-4939
Photo of Susan Sheidy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Butler County, PA
Susan Sheidy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
At her core, her interventions commonly used are attachment-based therapy, goal-setting, inner child work, differentiation, mindfulness, modeling and EMDR.
Susan Sheidy, LMFT, is the Grace Counseling Services Clinical Director and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She earned her Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Christian Counseling from Liberty University and also received her Master of Arts graduate degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Liberty. She is licensed in Pennsylvania & Tennessee. The late poet Maya Angelou quoted, “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside of you”. This quote holds a powerful message to those interested in a therapeutic relationship.
At her core, her interventions commonly used are attachment-based therapy, goal-setting, inner child work, differentiation, mindfulness, modeling and EMDR.
Susan Sheidy, LMFT, is the Grace Counseling Services Clinical Director and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She earned her Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Christian Counseling from Liberty University and also received her Master of Arts graduate degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Liberty. She is licensed in Pennsylvania & Tennessee. The late poet Maya Angelou quoted, “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside of you”. This quote holds a powerful message to those interested in a therapeutic relationship.
(615) 455-3920 View (615) 455-3920
Photo of Josie Albrecht, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Josie Albrecht
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
I also use mindfulness techniques, parts work, and a person-centered, strength-based approach.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
I also use mindfulness techniques, parts work, and a person-centered, strength-based approach.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
(724) 862-6180 View (724) 862-6180
Photo of John Hartline, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Butler County, PA
John Hartline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranberry Township, PA 16066  (Online Only)
Most of my life has been devoted to professional counseling. I bring passion and dedication to my clients. I work with both adults and adolescents. I experience my greatest joy as they achieve their goals and experience healing.I use an integrative approach to therapy inspired by a variety of evidence based practices, including, but not limited to, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, and mindfulness. I've received advanced training in CBT, having successfully completed a cognitive behavioral therapy certificate course led by Dr. John Ludgate, who trained under Dr. Aron Beck, founder of cognitive therapy.
Most of my life has been devoted to professional counseling. I bring passion and dedication to my clients. I work with both adults and adolescents. I experience my greatest joy as they achieve their goals and experience healing.I use an integrative approach to therapy inspired by a variety of evidence based practices, including, but not limited to, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, and mindfulness. I've received advanced training in CBT, having successfully completed a cognitive behavioral therapy certificate course led by Dr. John Ludgate, who trained under Dr. Aron Beck, founder of cognitive therapy.
(412) 275-5130 View (412) 275-5130
Photo of Shawna Joyce, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Shawna Joyce
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Slippery Rock, PA 16057  (Online Only)
Some of my favorites are Person-Centered, Solution-Focused, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Paradoxical Intervention and the Gottman Method.
Hi, I’m Shawna Joyce. I believe that if you listen to a person’s life story, you will find that everything they do makes sense. I knew very early that I wanted to dedicate my life to listening to peoples’ stories. I wanted to help them to make sense of their lives so that their understanding and insight could aid them in making positive changes.
Some of my favorites are Person-Centered, Solution-Focused, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Paradoxical Intervention and the Gottman Method.
Hi, I’m Shawna Joyce. I believe that if you listen to a person’s life story, you will find that everything they do makes sense. I knew very early that I wanted to dedicate my life to listening to peoples’ stories. I wanted to help them to make sense of their lives so that their understanding and insight could aid them in making positive changes.
(412) 819-2532 View (412) 819-2532
Photo of Rachel A Glushenko, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Rachel A Glushenko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Butler, PA 16001
My therapeutic focus is client-centered while I incorporate Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Gestalt and Emotionally Focused treatment approaches.
Are you looking to strengthen relationships or find solutions for current obstacles? Together we can look at any problem without judgement, in a relaxed space, where you feel safe sharing thoughts, feelings and concerns. I believe therapy is a process that should be personalized to you so that you gain fulfillment in multiple life domains, while also developing a deeper sense of stability. Together we can work on improving relationships or an individualized healing process so that emotional intimacy and joy can flourish in your life.
My therapeutic focus is client-centered while I incorporate Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Gestalt and Emotionally Focused treatment approaches.
Are you looking to strengthen relationships or find solutions for current obstacles? Together we can look at any problem without judgement, in a relaxed space, where you feel safe sharing thoughts, feelings and concerns. I believe therapy is a process that should be personalized to you so that you gain fulfillment in multiple life domains, while also developing a deeper sense of stability. Together we can work on improving relationships or an individualized healing process so that emotional intimacy and joy can flourish in your life.
(724) 980-8733 View (724) 980-8733
Photo of Deborah Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Deborah Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd LPC, NCC, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranberry Township, PA 16066  (Online Only)
Change is possible. Let's work together to help you achieve inner peace and meaning in life. If you are looking to end patterns or sabotaging habits that stop you from living the quality life you deserve, within yourself or in your relationships, I can help. With my caring, objective, and empathic approach, the therapeutic process is a safe place to help you strive toward transformation or healing emotional or relational trauma. We can develop a foundation for improving insight, discovering your inner strengths, learning to live life in accordance to your core values, and learning how to let that guide thinking and behaviors.
Change is possible. Let's work together to help you achieve inner peace and meaning in life. If you are looking to end patterns or sabotaging habits that stop you from living the quality life you deserve, within yourself or in your relationships, I can help. With my caring, objective, and empathic approach, the therapeutic process is a safe place to help you strive toward transformation or healing emotional or relational trauma. We can develop a foundation for improving insight, discovering your inner strengths, learning to live life in accordance to your core values, and learning how to let that guide thinking and behaviors.
(724) 201-3803 View (724) 201-3803
Photo of Amy Swigart in Butler County, PA
Amy Swigart
MS
Verified Verified
Butler, PA 16001
Do you need help managing your son or daughter’s disruptive behaviors in the home, school, or community? I am internationally recognized for my knowledge and experience addressing Reactive Attachment Disorder. I provide therapy, education, and consultation for Reactive Attachment, and severe regressive behaviors such as coprophagia and fecal/urine related behaviors. I’m seasoned in working with children on trauma, anxiety, depression, Intermittent explosive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, impulse control, and conduct disorder.
Do you need help managing your son or daughter’s disruptive behaviors in the home, school, or community? I am internationally recognized for my knowledge and experience addressing Reactive Attachment Disorder. I provide therapy, education, and consultation for Reactive Attachment, and severe regressive behaviors such as coprophagia and fecal/urine related behaviors. I’m seasoned in working with children on trauma, anxiety, depression, Intermittent explosive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, impulse control, and conduct disorder.
(724) 256-9881 View (724) 256-9881
Photo of Intensive Care Counseling, Psychologist in Butler County, PA
Intensive Care Counseling
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Saxonburg, PA 16056
Are you stuck in a repetitive pattern that leaves you feeling helpless and misunderstood? Are you hoping for immediate change for you and/or your family? Are you suffering from depression, addiction, or a traumatic experience? Is your marriage or family crisis? I help individuals, couples and/or families get immediate help, even if counseling was not helpful in the past. Sessions are not limited to an hour or once a week. I am also available to come into your home if that would be most helpful.
Are you stuck in a repetitive pattern that leaves you feeling helpless and misunderstood? Are you hoping for immediate change for you and/or your family? Are you suffering from depression, addiction, or a traumatic experience? Is your marriage or family crisis? I help individuals, couples and/or families get immediate help, even if counseling was not helpful in the past. Sessions are not limited to an hour or once a week. I am also available to come into your home if that would be most helpful.
(878) 206-1097 View (878) 206-1097
Photo of Lauren Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Butler County, PA
Lauren Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seeking help can feel uncomfortable not only to those who have never sought therapy before, but also to those who have had negative experiences with counseling in the past. With over a decade of experience working with those who struggle with ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Behavioral Problems, Depression, Parenting, Relationship Issues, Work Issues, etc., my goal is to create a laid back atmosphere where we work together to achieve your goals.
Seeking help can feel uncomfortable not only to those who have never sought therapy before, but also to those who have had negative experiences with counseling in the past. With over a decade of experience working with those who struggle with ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Behavioral Problems, Depression, Parenting, Relationship Issues, Work Issues, etc., my goal is to create a laid back atmosphere where we work together to achieve your goals.
(724) 728-9114 View (724) 728-9114
Photo of Cynthia L Marshall in Butler County, PA
Cynthia L Marshall
PhD
Verified Verified
Butler, PA 16001
The behaviors and emotions of grief, loss, and trauma are complex. Healing in mind, body, and spirit can be accomplished through traditional and spiritual counseling as well as guided meditation, spiritual structure, and goal setting. When clients are experiencing an inability to move forward, find it difficult to come to terms with life, cannot balance emotions and spirit, are enduring high levels of anxiety and stress, and are recognizing that their energy levels and physical body strength are at risk, the counseling of Dr. Marshall, an experienced counselor who uses Judeo-Christian and Buddhist principles can help heal.
The behaviors and emotions of grief, loss, and trauma are complex. Healing in mind, body, and spirit can be accomplished through traditional and spiritual counseling as well as guided meditation, spiritual structure, and goal setting. When clients are experiencing an inability to move forward, find it difficult to come to terms with life, cannot balance emotions and spirit, are enduring high levels of anxiety and stress, and are recognizing that their energy levels and physical body strength are at risk, the counseling of Dr. Marshall, an experienced counselor who uses Judeo-Christian and Buddhist principles can help heal.
(878) 205-0150 View (878) 205-0150
Photo of Grace Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Butler County, PA
Grace Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
"We Are Currently Accepting New Clients". We offer counseling with Licensed therapists as well as Post Masters therapists. We provide a faith-based, holistic and systemic approach in a therapeutic environment. Each therapist is willing to come alongside individuals, couples and families in need. Practice standards are aligned with American Association of Christian Counselors as well as our licensed therapists are part of the AAMFT.
"We Are Currently Accepting New Clients". We offer counseling with Licensed therapists as well as Post Masters therapists. We provide a faith-based, holistic and systemic approach in a therapeutic environment. Each therapist is willing to come alongside individuals, couples and families in need. Practice standards are aligned with American Association of Christian Counselors as well as our licensed therapists are part of the AAMFT.
(724) 315-3061 View (724) 315-3061
Photo of Ken Evanoski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Butler County, PA
Ken Evanoski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Butler, PA 16001
Are you someone who is dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, or physical pain? It may be time to reach out for some help. I specialize in working with adults, late teens, those over 65, & parents who are struggling with disruptive children. I'm here to help you get some relief & to get some control back in your life.
Are you someone who is dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, or physical pain? It may be time to reach out for some help. I specialize in working with adults, late teens, those over 65, & parents who are struggling with disruptive children. I'm here to help you get some relief & to get some control back in your life.
(412) 207-3934 View (412) 207-3934

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Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists

How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy originated in the work of John Kabat-Zinn of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. He developed mindfulness-based stress reduction, which is a technique found in yoga and meditation. MBCT is a combination of this type of stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy; it essentially quiets emotional distress through mindfulness, utilizing proper breathing and meditation. These techniques aim to bring the individual into the present moment when in a state of distress.

When do I know if I need treatment with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

If an individual’s mind is filled with emotional distress and general negativity, the person may feel trapped. A mindfulness-based cognitive therapist can help a person change their thinking patterns as well as their behavior through calm acceptance and compassion. This therapy can provide an individual with the coping skills needed for a healthier and more constructive life.

What should I expect from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

This therapy often takes place in group sessions. A therapist will work with the group as well as with each individual. Meditation and breathing exercises are core practices that aim to invite inquiry and discovery into a person’s troubled mental state. The objective is to identify and lessen negative thoughts and behaviors and move toward optimal health and productivity. The individual will see life in a more realistic way. This therapy is supportive, accepting, and warm.

Is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effective?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is evidence-based and effective. One study found that people with major depressive disorder have benefitted from this type of therapy; the person accepts their distressed thoughts and also moves into healthier patterns of thinking. This therapy also aims to move an individual away from automatic negative responses. This type of therapy can bring a person lifelong change, with higher levels of satisfaction, less stress, as well as positive emotional and behavioral habits.