Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Cumberland County, PA

Photo of Pamela Moran Treatment and Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Pamela Moran Treatment and Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Lemoyne, PA 17043
Waitlist for new clients
My current focus is in working with those diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD - Bravery, Perseverance, Determination) or have the symptoms of BPD (fear of abandonment, fear of being alone, low self esteem, lack of sense of self, mood swings, splitting, anger, emptiness, impulsivity, and lack of organization and structure), parents of those diagnosed with BPD, and all issues of high conflict divorce including Co-parenting, Reunification, and Custody Evaluation. I also enjoy couples work & use a Polarity framework. Treatments are Relationally-Focused, Trauma-Informed, and Evidence-Based.
My current focus is in working with those diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD - Bravery, Perseverance, Determination) or have the symptoms of BPD (fear of abandonment, fear of being alone, low self esteem, lack of sense of self, mood swings, splitting, anger, emptiness, impulsivity, and lack of organization and structure), parents of those diagnosed with BPD, and all issues of high conflict divorce including Co-parenting, Reunification, and Custody Evaluation. I also enjoy couples work & use a Polarity framework. Treatments are Relationally-Focused, Trauma-Informed, and Evidence-Based.
(717) 417-4293 View (717) 417-4293
Photo of Matthew Berliant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Matthew Berliant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Cumberland, PA 17070  (Online Only)
I hold a License in Clinical Social Work and am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Because you deserve more - more happiness, more confidence, more pleasure in your life! And I believe I can help you get there. I am currently offering video sessions throughout the state of Pennsylvania, and a sliding scale based on financial need. Please email me if you require sliding scale and we can decide together how to fit therapy into your budget. I see clients during normal business hours, 8am to 5pm M-F.
I hold a License in Clinical Social Work and am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Because you deserve more - more happiness, more confidence, more pleasure in your life! And I believe I can help you get there. I am currently offering video sessions throughout the state of Pennsylvania, and a sliding scale based on financial need. Please email me if you require sliding scale and we can decide together how to fit therapy into your budget. I see clients during normal business hours, 8am to 5pm M-F.
(717) 229-0479 View (717) 229-0479
Photo of Elizabeth Brillon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Elizabeth Brillon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BASW, LCSW, C-DBT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Mechanicsburg, PA 17050  (Online Only)
Greetings and welcome. My name is Elizabeth Brillon and I am an expert in managing anxieties and trauma. Life doesn't seem to work out the way we expect it to, does it? Do you ever feel like sometimes it is just too much to handle? When you pause to take a moment to think, are you pondering why your connections with others aren't allowing you to gain the elements you need to be at peace? This disharmony can be difficult to balance. It can feel lonely when you feel overwhelmed by those things in life that you cannot control. You are deserving of peace, safety, and healing. Caring for our being includes nurturing our mental health.
Greetings and welcome. My name is Elizabeth Brillon and I am an expert in managing anxieties and trauma. Life doesn't seem to work out the way we expect it to, does it? Do you ever feel like sometimes it is just too much to handle? When you pause to take a moment to think, are you pondering why your connections with others aren't allowing you to gain the elements you need to be at peace? This disharmony can be difficult to balance. It can feel lonely when you feel overwhelmed by those things in life that you cannot control. You are deserving of peace, safety, and healing. Caring for our being includes nurturing our mental health.
(717) 884-0427 View (717) 884-0427
Photo of Heather Bridges Moshier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Heather Bridges Moshier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lemoyne, PA 17043
I am a trauma-informed therapist, trained in many different theories to work with individuals living with different mental health symptoms, oppression, and interpersonal and familial difficulties.
Seeking therapy takes courage; people often feel vulnerable when reaching out for help. I believe the therapy process is a collaboration, and you are the expert on your lived experience. Together we can create a space that honors your values and beliefs and help you live fully in the present moment, manage painful emotions and symptoms, develop self-compassion, and build more genuine relationships so that you can not only survive, but thrive.
I am a trauma-informed therapist, trained in many different theories to work with individuals living with different mental health symptoms, oppression, and interpersonal and familial difficulties.
Seeking therapy takes courage; people often feel vulnerable when reaching out for help. I believe the therapy process is a collaboration, and you are the expert on your lived experience. Together we can create a space that honors your values and beliefs and help you live fully in the present moment, manage painful emotions and symptoms, develop self-compassion, and build more genuine relationships so that you can not only survive, but thrive.
(717) 276-4908 View (717) 276-4908
Photo of Anna-Kate Braithwaite, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cumberland County, PA
Anna-Kate Braithwaite
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camp Hill, PA 17011
I strive daily to take a compassionate approach while working with individuals including adolescents over 17 and adults. I have experience collaborating in treatment with individuals with mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and trauma and I work with individuals who are 17 years and older. I believe a significant part of the therapeutic process is building a therapeutic relationship with my client. Being able to practice this healthy relationship in therapy can help to improve other relationships outside of therapy.
I strive daily to take a compassionate approach while working with individuals including adolescents over 17 and adults. I have experience collaborating in treatment with individuals with mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and trauma and I work with individuals who are 17 years and older. I believe a significant part of the therapeutic process is building a therapeutic relationship with my client. Being able to practice this healthy relationship in therapy can help to improve other relationships outside of therapy.
(717) 537-0179 View (717) 537-0179
Cynthia Bartok
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Waitlist for new clients
I am also skilled in prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy for trauma.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience. I earned my Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Pacific Graduate School of Professional Psychology-Palo Alto.
I am also skilled in prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy for trauma.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience. I earned my Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Pacific Graduate School of Professional Psychology-Palo Alto.
(717) 696-6505 View (717) 696-6505
Photo of Jessica Ambrose, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cumberland County, PA
Jessica Ambrose
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Camp Hill, PA 17011
My goal is to create a safe space where you can process your past experiences and sources of trauma and find the power in your resiliency! I want you to find peace and joy in your work, family, and friendships.
Everyone is deserving of a life of peace and genuine happiness! My ideal clients are those that are looking to work towards that life through personal growth and healing! Does that sound like something you are looking for? Through an honest and passionate approach, I want to help you navigate your experiences and challenges, while creating an opportunity for you to enjoy the process as much as possible. I understand that seeking out therapy can be intimidating, but you are already making steps towards finding that genuine happiness and peace that you deserve!
My goal is to create a safe space where you can process your past experiences and sources of trauma and find the power in your resiliency! I want you to find peace and joy in your work, family, and friendships.
Everyone is deserving of a life of peace and genuine happiness! My ideal clients are those that are looking to work towards that life through personal growth and healing! Does that sound like something you are looking for? Through an honest and passionate approach, I want to help you navigate your experiences and challenges, while creating an opportunity for you to enjoy the process as much as possible. I understand that seeking out therapy can be intimidating, but you are already making steps towards finding that genuine happiness and peace that you deserve!
(717) 912-5717 View (717) 912-5717
Photo of Kelly Bishop, Counselor in Cumberland County, PA
Kelly Bishop
Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
I prefer working with individuals aged 18 and up who are battling with anxiety, the trauma legacy, life transitions, ADHD, self-esteem concerns and relationship struggles.
Now Accepting New Patients for In Person ONLY in PA. The journey through life is full of ups and downs and sometimes those downs can create barriers that make us feel stuck and can impact our ability to enjoy the ups. Though it might not feel like it, you have the power and strength to overcome those struggles; it just might take a little help, and hey, we ALL can use a little help navigating the curveballs of life! My mission is to provide that guidance to help unlock the answers within you to create that change you’ve been wishing for.
I prefer working with individuals aged 18 and up who are battling with anxiety, the trauma legacy, life transitions, ADHD, self-esteem concerns and relationship struggles.
Now Accepting New Patients for In Person ONLY in PA. The journey through life is full of ups and downs and sometimes those downs can create barriers that make us feel stuck and can impact our ability to enjoy the ups. Though it might not feel like it, you have the power and strength to overcome those struggles; it just might take a little help, and hey, we ALL can use a little help navigating the curveballs of life! My mission is to provide that guidance to help unlock the answers within you to create that change you’ve been wishing for.
(717) 357-8230 View (717) 357-8230
Photo of The Anxiety & OCD Treatment Center of Central PA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
The Anxiety & OCD Treatment Center of Central PA
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camp Hill, PA 17011
Our specialized experience in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, BFRBs, and specific phobias will help you meet your goals and improve your life. We can also help with other life issues. Our approach to treatment involves collaborative goal-setting with clients to determine areas for intervention and the use of evidence-based treatment methods tailored to each individual. We provide in-office, in-home services, intensive outpatient OCD treatment, group, and virtual sessions.
Our specialized experience in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, BFRBs, and specific phobias will help you meet your goals and improve your life. We can also help with other life issues. Our approach to treatment involves collaborative goal-setting with clients to determine areas for intervention and the use of evidence-based treatment methods tailored to each individual. We provide in-office, in-home services, intensive outpatient OCD treatment, group, and virtual sessions.
(717) 647-5270 View (717) 647-5270
Photo of Becky Thebes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cumberland County, PA
Becky Thebes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Camp Hill, PA 17011
I have extensive experience in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, women's issues, addiction, parent wounds, mood disorders, coping skills, and couples counseling.
Thank you for visiting my page. I know it can be difficult to reach out for professional support when life is feeling out of control or one is feeling stuck. Feeling sad or anxious can be part of life that sometimes one does not have the tools to overcome. I want to offer you a safe harbor to be able to explore your negative thoughts and feelings you are experiencing. Through a collaborative effort we will work to relieve feelings of being stuck and improve your over all wellbeing.
I have extensive experience in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, women's issues, addiction, parent wounds, mood disorders, coping skills, and couples counseling.
Thank you for visiting my page. I know it can be difficult to reach out for professional support when life is feeling out of control or one is feeling stuck. Feeling sad or anxious can be part of life that sometimes one does not have the tools to overcome. I want to offer you a safe harbor to be able to explore your negative thoughts and feelings you are experiencing. Through a collaborative effort we will work to relieve feelings of being stuck and improve your over all wellbeing.
(717) 229-0042 View (717) 229-0042
Photo of Heather Jay-Boardman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Heather Jay-Boardman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wormleysburg, PA 17043
As a trainined EMDR therapist, I have extensive experience in supporting individuals who have experienced trauma, family and interpersonal conflict, chronic pain and more.
Life is a collection of experiences, opportunities and human connections that shape who we become and how we view the world. Fostering that journey while respecting individual beliefs and values and their capacity for resiliency is at the core of my work. I have been passionately working to assist individuals, families and couples for over 20 years.
As a trainined EMDR therapist, I have extensive experience in supporting individuals who have experienced trauma, family and interpersonal conflict, chronic pain and more.
Life is a collection of experiences, opportunities and human connections that shape who we become and how we view the world. Fostering that journey while respecting individual beliefs and values and their capacity for resiliency is at the core of my work. I have been passionately working to assist individuals, families and couples for over 20 years.
(717) 340-5541 View (717) 340-5541
Photo of Campbell Psychological Services, Psychologist in Cumberland County, PA
Campbell Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Areas of focus at our practice including anxiety, depression, trauma (including healing from abuse), and coping with life changes.
As a parent, it can be painful to see your child unhappy, worried, or struggling, especially when you aren't sure how to make things better. While our experienced therapists don’t have magic wands, we do have the training, tools, and experience to help your child and family find your way. We have offices in Carlisle and Chambersburg. Telehealth is available to clients living within 30 minutes of either office.
Areas of focus at our practice including anxiety, depression, trauma (including healing from abuse), and coping with life changes.
As a parent, it can be painful to see your child unhappy, worried, or struggling, especially when you aren't sure how to make things better. While our experienced therapists don’t have magic wands, we do have the training, tools, and experience to help your child and family find your way. We have offices in Carlisle and Chambersburg. Telehealth is available to clients living within 30 minutes of either office.
(717) 422-6440 View (717) 422-6440
Photo of Cheryl E Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Cheryl E Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Waitlist for new clients
We all have experienced the challenges of life whether we are dealing with something now or from our past. Maybe you are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, sleep issues or come from a past experience of abuse or dysfunctional parenting. You want to really see change happen and are longing to make changes in your life but don't know quite how or where to start. You don't want to waste time rehashing things over and over and not see any difference. If you have to go back to the past, lets learn from that experience, heal and move forward, leaving it behind in treatment, once and for all.
We all have experienced the challenges of life whether we are dealing with something now or from our past. Maybe you are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, sleep issues or come from a past experience of abuse or dysfunctional parenting. You want to really see change happen and are longing to make changes in your life but don't know quite how or where to start. You don't want to waste time rehashing things over and over and not see any difference. If you have to go back to the past, lets learn from that experience, heal and move forward, leaving it behind in treatment, once and for all.
(717) 923-5804 View (717) 923-5804
Photo of Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
I provide answers to your life's struggles. My one-of-a-kind therapeutic consulting blends solutions focused mentoring & coaching with counseling and therapy techniques to help you identify & resolve personal, relationship, and family challenges, all with a uniquely honest approach. I am certified in Advanced Trauma Treatment, am adoption competent, and specialize in helping others with their relationships, even the one you have with yourself.
I provide answers to your life's struggles. My one-of-a-kind therapeutic consulting blends solutions focused mentoring & coaching with counseling and therapy techniques to help you identify & resolve personal, relationship, and family challenges, all with a uniquely honest approach. I am certified in Advanced Trauma Treatment, am adoption competent, and specialize in helping others with their relationships, even the one you have with yourself.
(301) 539-9256 View (301) 539-9256
Photo of Cachara and Associates LLC, Psychologist in Cumberland County, PA
Cachara and Associates LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
(717) 978-0129 View (717) 978-0129
Photo of Tiffany Landis, Art Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Tiffany Landis
Art Therapist, LPC, ATR-BC, CCTP, CATP, CDBT
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
Waitlist for new clients
"The Art of Healing" My mission is to support healing from traumatic events for individuals and their loved ones. I am passionate about growing awareness through trauma- informed practice, communication and education. I utilize Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy coupled with Art Therapy as a modality to further enhance the healing process. I want all my clients to experience safety in therapy that can translate to all their environments, creating confidence in their own abilities to move through post- traumatic growth.
"The Art of Healing" My mission is to support healing from traumatic events for individuals and their loved ones. I am passionate about growing awareness through trauma- informed practice, communication and education. I utilize Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy coupled with Art Therapy as a modality to further enhance the healing process. I want all my clients to experience safety in therapy that can translate to all their environments, creating confidence in their own abilities to move through post- traumatic growth.
(717) 470-8108 View (717) 470-8108
Photo of Elizabeth (Beth) Browning, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Elizabeth (Beth) Browning
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lemoyne, PA 17043
I have over twenty years’ experience working with individuals and families in trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, illness, parenting, and much more.
At some point, you may find yourself in need of a little extra support. Maybe someone non-judgmental to listen to you and to hear what you have to say. Perhaps you need a safe space to process something with a therapist who can help you find your own answers. If you are feeling out of control or if you are struggling with life’s challenges, seeking help is an excellent way to start the process of healing. Together, however, we can work collaboratively to identify and reach your goals to create essential changes in your life.
I have over twenty years’ experience working with individuals and families in trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, illness, parenting, and much more.
At some point, you may find yourself in need of a little extra support. Maybe someone non-judgmental to listen to you and to hear what you have to say. Perhaps you need a safe space to process something with a therapist who can help you find your own answers. If you are feeling out of control or if you are struggling with life’s challenges, seeking help is an excellent way to start the process of healing. Together, however, we can work collaboratively to identify and reach your goals to create essential changes in your life.
(717) 229-0418 View (717) 229-0418
Photo of Jess Hundley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Jess Hundley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shippensburg, PA 17257
When I started working in mental health I discovered how many therapists shy away from treating trauma survivors. Because of this, many clients have difficulty finding a trauma informed therapist. I decided to dedicate my career to working with those who have been neglected by caregivers, romantic partners, and medical professionals. Anyone who has experienced trauma understands how it can impact every part of their life and make it difficult to trust anyone again. My clients are incredibly diverse, but all hope to create and maintain healthy boundaries that deepen connection with others as they learn to identify safe relationships.
When I started working in mental health I discovered how many therapists shy away from treating trauma survivors. Because of this, many clients have difficulty finding a trauma informed therapist. I decided to dedicate my career to working with those who have been neglected by caregivers, romantic partners, and medical professionals. Anyone who has experienced trauma understands how it can impact every part of their life and make it difficult to trust anyone again. My clients are incredibly diverse, but all hope to create and maintain healthy boundaries that deepen connection with others as they learn to identify safe relationships.
(717) 931-7881 View (717) 931-7881
Photo of Teri Stephens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cumberland County, PA
Teri Stephens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17015
I see clients with a wide range of issues from depression, anxiety, OCD, to simple and complex trauma, simple and complex bereavement, and PTSD/CPTSD.
It's been my experience that people usually seek therapy when they have tried everything they know to improve their life and it's just not working. Clients are often quite desperate when they enter therapy. I believe my job as a therapist is to give people new options for what to do to make things better. I try to help with kindness and humor, drawing on a wealth of knowledge, information, and experience to help my clients achieve their goals, whatever they may be. I am continually awed by the amazing ability of the human spirit to grow, heal, and develop.
I see clients with a wide range of issues from depression, anxiety, OCD, to simple and complex trauma, simple and complex bereavement, and PTSD/CPTSD.
It's been my experience that people usually seek therapy when they have tried everything they know to improve their life and it's just not working. Clients are often quite desperate when they enter therapy. I believe my job as a therapist is to give people new options for what to do to make things better. I try to help with kindness and humor, drawing on a wealth of knowledge, information, and experience to help my clients achieve their goals, whatever they may be. I am continually awed by the amazing ability of the human spirit to grow, heal, and develop.
(717) 974-3449 View (717) 974-3449
Photo of Ashten Carrin Trimble, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cumberland County, PA
Ashten Carrin Trimble
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFT, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Waitlist for new clients
I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional trained in providing effective treatment to clients that have struggled with trauma of any kind.
I believe that trauma affects all parts of our being- mental, emotional, physical and spiritual. Therefore, the healing process also needs to involve all parts of our being. Attachment wounds, abusive relationships with themselves and others, specific traumatic events, losses that need grieving, generational trauma and high conflict functioning in families affect how we view ourselves and interact with the world. Gabor Mate said it best, “ We may not be responsible for the world that created our minds, but we can take responsibility for the mind with which we create our world.” Look below for the current groups I am offering!
I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional trained in providing effective treatment to clients that have struggled with trauma of any kind.
I believe that trauma affects all parts of our being- mental, emotional, physical and spiritual. Therefore, the healing process also needs to involve all parts of our being. Attachment wounds, abusive relationships with themselves and others, specific traumatic events, losses that need grieving, generational trauma and high conflict functioning in families affect how we view ourselves and interact with the world. Gabor Mate said it best, “ We may not be responsible for the world that created our minds, but we can take responsibility for the mind with which we create our world.” Look below for the current groups I am offering!
(717) 484-9057 View (717) 484-9057

See more therapy options for Cumberland County

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.