Therapists in Essex County, NJ

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Photo of Rebecca Randall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Essex County, NJ
Rebecca Randall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Orange, NJ 07079
At the heart of my work is a strong belief that the abundant life is characterized by strong interpersonal relatedness and connection. The counseling relationship can be a catalyst for personal growth and change. I use an integrative approach and will listen closely as you work to articulate your goals, respectful of and responsive to your personal worldview and values. I will help you to develop the strengths already within you, as well as identify and develop your growing edges. My hope is that you will feel empowered to create a more abundant, connected life.
At the heart of my work is a strong belief that the abundant life is characterized by strong interpersonal relatedness and connection. The counseling relationship can be a catalyst for personal growth and change. I use an integrative approach and will listen closely as you work to articulate your goals, respectful of and responsive to your personal worldview and values. I will help you to develop the strengths already within you, as well as identify and develop your growing edges. My hope is that you will feel empowered to create a more abundant, connected life.
(862) 212-1175 View (862) 212-1175
Photo of Linda Friedricks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Linda Friedricks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Join me on a journey of self discovery and empowerment. I provide a safe environment in which to understand the roots of your difficulties and to change self-defeating patterns of behavior, which interfere with work and intimate relationships. I love my work and continue to learn so much from the courageous people I work with as they struggle to make changes in their lives. I have 30+ years of experience working with individuals and couples. My treatment approach may include psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Join me on a journey of self discovery and empowerment. I provide a safe environment in which to understand the roots of your difficulties and to change self-defeating patterns of behavior, which interfere with work and intimate relationships. I love my work and continue to learn so much from the courageous people I work with as they struggle to make changes in their lives. I have 30+ years of experience working with individuals and couples. My treatment approach may include psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(973) 850-4279 View (973) 850-4279
Photo of Sherrill Welcome, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Sherrill Welcome
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Orange, NJ 07079  (Online Only)
Aging and disabilities can bring about unique challenges and transitions for older adults. Whether you are adjusting to retirement, coping with health issues, experiencing grief/loss, or navigating changes in your relationships and identity, I am here to support you every step of the way. Are you feelings a lack of control? Are you frustrated when communicating with family or caregivers? Are you grieving the person your used to be or the life you used to have? My therapy sessions are tailored to meet your specific needs and goals, with a focus on promoting autonomy, purpose, and fulfillment in any phase of life.
Aging and disabilities can bring about unique challenges and transitions for older adults. Whether you are adjusting to retirement, coping with health issues, experiencing grief/loss, or navigating changes in your relationships and identity, I am here to support you every step of the way. Are you feelings a lack of control? Are you frustrated when communicating with family or caregivers? Are you grieving the person your used to be or the life you used to have? My therapy sessions are tailored to meet your specific needs and goals, with a focus on promoting autonomy, purpose, and fulfillment in any phase of life.
(908) 774-9921 View (908) 774-9921
Photo of Zachary Schwartz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Zachary Schwartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PsyA
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
If you’re seeking a relatable, compassionate and transparent therapist with an appreciation for depth and understanding (i.e. a human being just like you, other than happening to have a particular training and proficiency), then please consider reading on. If you value commitment, responsiveness, and integrity in a therapist, please know that these are the foundational tenets of my approach. Everyone deserves to feel better through the experience of engaging in the therapeutic process. In the same way that we can heal and recover from medical/physical issues, the same holds true in working with psychological and emotional issues.
If you’re seeking a relatable, compassionate and transparent therapist with an appreciation for depth and understanding (i.e. a human being just like you, other than happening to have a particular training and proficiency), then please consider reading on. If you value commitment, responsiveness, and integrity in a therapist, please know that these are the foundational tenets of my approach. Everyone deserves to feel better through the experience of engaging in the therapeutic process. In the same way that we can heal and recover from medical/physical issues, the same holds true in working with psychological and emotional issues.
(201) 254-0577 View (201) 254-0577
Photo of Salvatrice Polizzotto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Salvatrice Polizzotto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Caldwell, NJ 07006
As a licensed clinical social worker, I strive to create a comfortable and safe environment for you.  A space that is judgement free and where you have the ability to truly express yourself.
 Since opening my practice in 2018, my therapeutic services have helped people get through stressful times through challenging negative thoughts and understanding the source of specific behaviors and emotional patterns. With the right tools and a better approach to situations, I will help encourage a better outlook on any issues that life brings your way.
As a licensed clinical social worker, I strive to create a comfortable and safe environment for you.  A space that is judgement free and where you have the ability to truly express yourself.
 Since opening my practice in 2018, my therapeutic services have helped people get through stressful times through challenging negative thoughts and understanding the source of specific behaviors and emotional patterns. With the right tools and a better approach to situations, I will help encourage a better outlook on any issues that life brings your way.
(973) 287-4733 View (973) 287-4733
Photo of William E Carr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
William E Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DPA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Maplewood, NJ 07040
It is important to establish an atmosphere of trust and understanding when working with clients. In my practice, you the client, are the most important person. I will work with you in order to establish the most significant aspect of your challenge/challenges. In my many years of experience, I have come to realize that the causal factors of exasperating issues can be deceptive and not all inclusive. Accordingly, I will utilized my uniquely developed communicative measures to work with you and those that you care for to solve them.
It is important to establish an atmosphere of trust and understanding when working with clients. In my practice, you the client, are the most important person. I will work with you in order to establish the most significant aspect of your challenge/challenges. In my many years of experience, I have come to realize that the causal factors of exasperating issues can be deceptive and not all inclusive. Accordingly, I will utilized my uniquely developed communicative measures to work with you and those that you care for to solve them.
(973) 943-4439 View (973) 943-4439
Photo of Francisco Navarro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Francisco Navarro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
West Orange, NJ 07052
Waitlist for new clients
There are moments when you need a friendly hand to walk alongside you through a difficult time. I am fully aware of the importance of having extra support that will facilitate and guide you to conquer and build resilience for the difficult moment. I have worked with children, youth, and adults with behavioral and/or emotional needs such as anxiety, depression, life transition, grief, trauma, relational issues, and stress.
There are moments when you need a friendly hand to walk alongside you through a difficult time. I am fully aware of the importance of having extra support that will facilitate and guide you to conquer and build resilience for the difficult moment. I have worked with children, youth, and adults with behavioral and/or emotional needs such as anxiety, depression, life transition, grief, trauma, relational issues, and stress.
(973) 315-6447 View (973) 315-6447
Photo of Dennis Petrusovich, Licensed Social Worker in Essex County, NJ
Dennis Petrusovich
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
The journey to who we are is part of family, relationships, work, society, and what happens along the way that shapes us. Mine is no different, and with that, I bring the privilege of knowledge and experience of 17 years as a Psychotherapist to you. In those 17-plus years as a Psychotherapist, I’ve gained eclectic knowledge through teaching as an Adjunct Professor in the Graduate Program, working with multiple disciplines in settings such as In-Home Therapy, Hospitals, Private Practice, Schools, Addiction, and with my colleague who passed their experience and knowledge onto me.
The journey to who we are is part of family, relationships, work, society, and what happens along the way that shapes us. Mine is no different, and with that, I bring the privilege of knowledge and experience of 17 years as a Psychotherapist to you. In those 17-plus years as a Psychotherapist, I’ve gained eclectic knowledge through teaching as an Adjunct Professor in the Graduate Program, working with multiple disciplines in settings such as In-Home Therapy, Hospitals, Private Practice, Schools, Addiction, and with my colleague who passed their experience and knowledge onto me.
(862) 599-2528 x1 View (862) 599-2528 x1
Photo of Alexis Auleta, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Alexis Auleta, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Orange, NJ 07079  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Relationships are one of the most important ways we can experience happiness, joy, fulfillment and meaning in our lives. Relational therapy aims to repair, strengthen and secure relationships that are facing challenges. It holds the belief that if we are open to exploring the maladaptive patterns and dynamics within our relationships, we can find new ways of relating to each other than feel more secure, grounded, open and positive. ​
Relationships are one of the most important ways we can experience happiness, joy, fulfillment and meaning in our lives. Relational therapy aims to repair, strengthen and secure relationships that are facing challenges. It holds the belief that if we are open to exploring the maladaptive patterns and dynamics within our relationships, we can find new ways of relating to each other than feel more secure, grounded, open and positive. ​
(201) 754-5817 View (201) 754-5817
Photo of MedPsych Behavioral Health - Montclair , Counselor in Essex County, NJ
MedPsych Behavioral Health - Montclair
Counselor, LSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
As a trauma-informed therapist, I use my extensive training and experience to guide individuals - children, teens and adults - through the process of identifying and strengthening the power within to achieve balance, joy, and a sense of greater purpose. I incorporate a holistic approach incorporating multiple aspects of the human experience, including nutrition, physical wellness, and social or familial support.
As a trauma-informed therapist, I use my extensive training and experience to guide individuals - children, teens and adults - through the process of identifying and strengthening the power within to achieve balance, joy, and a sense of greater purpose. I incorporate a holistic approach incorporating multiple aspects of the human experience, including nutrition, physical wellness, and social or familial support.
(973) 446-2490 View (973) 446-2490
Photo of Jason Duncan, Psychologist in Essex County, NJ
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Verona, NJ 07044
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Paul Baillif, Licensed Professional Counselor in Essex County, NJ
Paul Baillif
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Verona, NJ 07044
I am interested in providing quality mental health treatment to children and adults suffering from a variety of issues including, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, relationship issues, interpersonal conflict, low self-esteem, and family conflict. I enjoy watching clients discover their inner strength and apply that to their current problems. Using cognitive-behavioral interventions clients will be able to identify faulty thinking patterns and work on restructuring them into more positive, productive thoughts.
I am interested in providing quality mental health treatment to children and adults suffering from a variety of issues including, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, relationship issues, interpersonal conflict, low self-esteem, and family conflict. I enjoy watching clients discover their inner strength and apply that to their current problems. Using cognitive-behavioral interventions clients will be able to identify faulty thinking patterns and work on restructuring them into more positive, productive thoughts.
(201) 877-4402 View (201) 877-4402
Photo of Soul Source Counseling, Psychologist in Essex County, NJ
Soul Source Counseling
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Bloomfield, NJ 07003
I am a solution focused, licensed clinical psychologist that has worked in the mental health field for over 25 years. I am drawn to the field of mental health because of my compassion, understanding and commitment to helping others. My approach to counseling is grounded in my trust and belief in the brilliance and resilience of the human spirit. I have a great zest for life, and would enjoy the privilege of supporting you in feeling your best, and living your life fully! I look forward to hearing from you.
I am a solution focused, licensed clinical psychologist that has worked in the mental health field for over 25 years. I am drawn to the field of mental health because of my compassion, understanding and commitment to helping others. My approach to counseling is grounded in my trust and belief in the brilliance and resilience of the human spirit. I have a great zest for life, and would enjoy the privilege of supporting you in feeling your best, and living your life fully! I look forward to hearing from you.
(973) 528-7613 View (973) 528-7613
Photo of Marianne Malanaphy: Adults, Couples, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Marianne Malanaphy: Adults, Couples
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Millburn, NJ 07041
I love working with moms, young adults, and couples. I support clients navigating infertility and going through IVF and other treatments, or people who are pregnant and in the postpartum stage. I work with young adults who want to gain clarity on work and career issues or define who they are and the life they want to live. See if I'm accepting new clients and book online at www.resolutioncc.com/team
I love working with moms, young adults, and couples. I support clients navigating infertility and going through IVF and other treatments, or people who are pregnant and in the postpartum stage. I work with young adults who want to gain clarity on work and career issues or define who they are and the life they want to live. See if I'm accepting new clients and book online at www.resolutioncc.com/team
(862) 579-4851 View (862) 579-4851
Photo of Dr. Viva White, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Dr. Viva White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, LCADC, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07101  (Online Only)
I am licensed in NJ with 21 years of professional work experience in the areas of mental health, education, and substance abuse. My experience encompasses helping clients with a variety of concerns such as stress, anxiety, addiction, trauma, abuse, grief, depression, and loss. We will process your concerns while facilitating your wellness journey to be your best self.
I am licensed in NJ with 21 years of professional work experience in the areas of mental health, education, and substance abuse. My experience encompasses helping clients with a variety of concerns such as stress, anxiety, addiction, trauma, abuse, grief, depression, and loss. We will process your concerns while facilitating your wellness journey to be your best self.
(862) 378-2819 View (862) 378-2819
Photo of Ambrosia Health LLC in Essex County, NJ
Ambrosia Health LLC
NP, FNP-BC, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseland, NJ 07068  (Online Only)
Miriam is an experienced Family Nurse Practitioner with a strong background in healthcare. With over 8 years of dedicated service as a healthcare provider, She has acquired valuable expertise in acute care management, chronic care management, primary care services, and clinical research. After completing a rigorous nursing program, Miriam pursued advanced education to become a Nurse Practitioner. She obtained her Nurse Practitioner degree from Walden University, equipping her with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide comprehensive healthcare to patients. Furthermore, Miriam went on to earn an MBA in Healthcare Management,
Miriam is an experienced Family Nurse Practitioner with a strong background in healthcare. With over 8 years of dedicated service as a healthcare provider, She has acquired valuable expertise in acute care management, chronic care management, primary care services, and clinical research. After completing a rigorous nursing program, Miriam pursued advanced education to become a Nurse Practitioner. She obtained her Nurse Practitioner degree from Walden University, equipping her with the necessary skills and knowledge to provide comprehensive healthcare to patients. Furthermore, Miriam went on to earn an MBA in Healthcare Management,
(973) 233-5430 View (973) 233-5430
Photo of Laura Shaffner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Laura Shaffner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Laura, a dedicated therapist licensed in NJ and Maine. I am passionate about empowering individuals through their unique journeys. With a focus on guiding individuals through life transitions, I offer support, goal-setting, and coping strategies to facilitate a smooth adaptation to new circumstances. My goal is to foster personal growth, resilience, and empowerment, providing a foundation for clients to thrive during periods of change and self-discovery. I also love to work with women's issues, bringing a compassionate and empathetic approach to help clients navigate the complexities of their experiences.
Hello, I'm Laura, a dedicated therapist licensed in NJ and Maine. I am passionate about empowering individuals through their unique journeys. With a focus on guiding individuals through life transitions, I offer support, goal-setting, and coping strategies to facilitate a smooth adaptation to new circumstances. My goal is to foster personal growth, resilience, and empowerment, providing a foundation for clients to thrive during periods of change and self-discovery. I also love to work with women's issues, bringing a compassionate and empathetic approach to help clients navigate the complexities of their experiences.
(973) 381-2496 View (973) 381-2496
Photo of Gail Schrimmer, Psychologist in Essex County, NJ
Gail Schrimmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Are you seeking individual or group therapy, a psychological evaluation, career testing, or career coaching? Air-filtrated indoor, telehealth, and outdoor sessions are offered, and most in-network insurance plans accepted. With over 20 years of therapy, testing, teaching, and supervising experience, and as both a clinical psychologist and a school psychologist, Dr. Schrimmer has a uniquely comprehensive practice. Calls generally receive a response by the next business day. In addition to daytime appointments, weekend and evening hours are available.
Are you seeking individual or group therapy, a psychological evaluation, career testing, or career coaching? Air-filtrated indoor, telehealth, and outdoor sessions are offered, and most in-network insurance plans accepted. With over 20 years of therapy, testing, teaching, and supervising experience, and as both a clinical psychologist and a school psychologist, Dr. Schrimmer has a uniquely comprehensive practice. Calls generally receive a response by the next business day. In addition to daytime appointments, weekend and evening hours are available.
(973) 309-8756 View (973) 309-8756
Photo of Jamie Schutz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Essex County, NJ
Jamie Schutz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
South Orange, NJ 07079  (Online Only)
Whether facing an acute crisis or looking to work through ongoing issues, we all need extra support at different times in our lives. My approach to therapy is multifaceted and addresses symptom relief as well as exploration of underlying patterns that lead to problematic behavior.
Whether facing an acute crisis or looking to work through ongoing issues, we all need extra support at different times in our lives. My approach to therapy is multifaceted and addresses symptom relief as well as exploration of underlying patterns that lead to problematic behavior.
(908) 364-5733 View (908) 364-5733
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, Psychologist in Essex County, NJ
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Maplewood, NJ 07040
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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See more therapy options for Essex County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Essex County, NJ

2,000+

Average cost per session

$172

Therapists in Essex County, NJ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress
64% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Essex County, NJ see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Essex County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.