Therapists in Ross County, OH

View cities in Ross County
Photo of Mary M Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Mary M Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
I'm a dedicated mental health professional with a deep passion for guiding individuals on their journey to emotional well-being and resilience. My approach integrates a variety of evidence-based therapy techniques, tailored to each individual's unique needs. My expertise encompasses a broad spectrum of mental health areas, including couples therapy, managing depression and anxiety, trauma healing, navigating grief, end-of-life dilemmas, and providing support for persons of faith seeking therapy.
I'm a dedicated mental health professional with a deep passion for guiding individuals on their journey to emotional well-being and resilience. My approach integrates a variety of evidence-based therapy techniques, tailored to each individual's unique needs. My expertise encompasses a broad spectrum of mental health areas, including couples therapy, managing depression and anxiety, trauma healing, navigating grief, end-of-life dilemmas, and providing support for persons of faith seeking therapy.
(740) 508-5857 View (740) 508-5857
Photo of Tonya Gragg-McCoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Tonya Gragg-McCoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of behavioral health and psychotherapy experience in settings such as community and residential care, hospitals, and inpatient and outpatient facilities. My skills include working with rural populations and adults with mental illness such as bipolar disorder, PTSD, and alcohol and drug issues. Through my collaborative, person-centered, trauma-informed approach, I help my clients define what their own version of success looks like. I use a variety of tools such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy to develop individual care for my clients.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of behavioral health and psychotherapy experience in settings such as community and residential care, hospitals, and inpatient and outpatient facilities. My skills include working with rural populations and adults with mental illness such as bipolar disorder, PTSD, and alcohol and drug issues. Through my collaborative, person-centered, trauma-informed approach, I help my clients define what their own version of success looks like. I use a variety of tools such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy to develop individual care for my clients.
(740) 303-7895 View (740) 303-7895
Photo of Kelsi Amerine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Kelsi Amerine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Waitlist for new clients
Your own survival tools and grit have carried you to this exact moment. It is time for you to validate your own experience and start the process of unlearning and reparenting yourself. Anxiety, depression, complex trauma, chronic stress, and lack of self worth, are a few examples of impactful conditions that I will hold space for you in order to foster your own healing. You are capable of vulnerability, getting your needs met, and making sustainable change. My ideal client is one that is focused on curiosity and accountability. Let's begin working together to harness your power, develop new skills, and regain control over YOUR life.
Your own survival tools and grit have carried you to this exact moment. It is time for you to validate your own experience and start the process of unlearning and reparenting yourself. Anxiety, depression, complex trauma, chronic stress, and lack of self worth, are a few examples of impactful conditions that I will hold space for you in order to foster your own healing. You are capable of vulnerability, getting your needs met, and making sustainable change. My ideal client is one that is focused on curiosity and accountability. Let's begin working together to harness your power, develop new skills, and regain control over YOUR life.
(234) 230-3056 View (234) 230-3056
Photo of Brandee L Crim, Counselor in Ross County, OH
Brandee L Crim
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601  (Online Only)
Your life feels heavy, hopeless, chaotic and out of control. Your mind is racing, you're exhausted from people-pleasing and your self-confidence is at an all-time low. Anxiety, depression, and stress are ruling your life, and it feels as if you may never feel peace again. You struggle with guilt, comparison, and nothing ever feels like it is enough. You have thoughts that you could never say out loud to friends and family, all the while desperate for support. You need to find yourself. Maybe you know God, maybe you are in question about who God is, or maybe it hurts to even think about God. There's so much you need to sort out.
Your life feels heavy, hopeless, chaotic and out of control. Your mind is racing, you're exhausted from people-pleasing and your self-confidence is at an all-time low. Anxiety, depression, and stress are ruling your life, and it feels as if you may never feel peace again. You struggle with guilt, comparison, and nothing ever feels like it is enough. You have thoughts that you could never say out loud to friends and family, all the while desperate for support. You need to find yourself. Maybe you know God, maybe you are in question about who God is, or maybe it hurts to even think about God. There's so much you need to sort out.
(740) 908-4978 View (740) 908-4978
Photo of Shannon N McMannis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Shannon N McMannis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601  (Online Only)
My name is Shannon McMannis and I am an Independent Licensed Social Worker. I have worked in the counseling field for over six years. I have experience working with individuals with disabilities as well as children of all ages. I am interested in working with children and adolescents with problematic behaviors and learning disorders, as well as individuals struggling anxiety and ADHD.
My name is Shannon McMannis and I am an Independent Licensed Social Worker. I have worked in the counseling field for over six years. I have experience working with individuals with disabilities as well as children of all ages. I am interested in working with children and adolescents with problematic behaviors and learning disorders, as well as individuals struggling anxiety and ADHD.
(740) 202-4278 View (740) 202-4278
Photo of Tomiah Faith Conley, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ross County, OH
Tomiah Faith Conley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S, NCC, LICDC, PRSS
Verified Verified
Frankfort, OH 45628  (Online Only)
I currently hold a dual Masters in Clinical Mental Health and Rehabilitation Counseling from Ohio University and am completing a doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision, all achieved while being a single mother of four daughters. I am living proof that recovery, overcoming, and finding the right people can take you from brokenness to wholeness! As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor in the state of Ohio, I have been actively working in my community since 2014.
I currently hold a dual Masters in Clinical Mental Health and Rehabilitation Counseling from Ohio University and am completing a doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision, all achieved while being a single mother of four daughters. I am living proof that recovery, overcoming, and finding the right people can take you from brokenness to wholeness! As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor in the state of Ohio, I have been actively working in my community since 2014.
(740) 697-5855 View (740) 697-5855
Photo of Anne M King, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ross County, OH
Anne M King
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Living in this world can be difficult. It can feel lonely. Sometimes it feels like no one understands. And mental health disorders only make it harder. So whether you are going through divorce, still struggling from a recent loss, angry, anxious, depressed or discouraged, you are not alone.
Living in this world can be difficult. It can feel lonely. Sometimes it feels like no one understands. And mental health disorders only make it harder. So whether you are going through divorce, still struggling from a recent loss, angry, anxious, depressed or discouraged, you are not alone.
(740) 561-0304 View (740) 561-0304
Photo of Jana M Harrington, Counselor in Ross County, OH
Jana M Harrington
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, CCTAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Whether past or present, we have all faced difficulties or storms in our lives that seem bigger than we can handle alone. It takes a great deal of courage to ask for help, to begin a journey of healing whether your storm has passed and you are left with the aftermath or the storm is presently raging. These storms take on many names: depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity, mood swings, anger, codependency, relationship difficulties, parenting/co-parenting/single parenting struggles, identity issues, life transitions, divorce, grief/loss, technology/social media overload, addiction/substance use. They affect people of all ages.
Whether past or present, we have all faced difficulties or storms in our lives that seem bigger than we can handle alone. It takes a great deal of courage to ask for help, to begin a journey of healing whether your storm has passed and you are left with the aftermath or the storm is presently raging. These storms take on many names: depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity, mood swings, anger, codependency, relationship difficulties, parenting/co-parenting/single parenting struggles, identity issues, life transitions, divorce, grief/loss, technology/social media overload, addiction/substance use. They affect people of all ages.
(740) 265-2361 View (740) 265-2361
Photo of Beverly Ondera, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ross County, OH
Beverly Ondera
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Are you struggling with depression or anxiety or have you experienced trauma in your past? My desire is to connect with you on a deep level through therapy to help you learn how to overcome difficult emotions. Sometimes experiencing a deeply disappointing or devastating life event might make you feel stuck and unable to move past your reactions to those painful circumstances. Being able to walk alongside you on a path towards inner healing is an honor for me as a therapist. Together we can find the peace of mind we all long for. If you are ready to start your journey towards healing, call for a free consultation.
Are you struggling with depression or anxiety or have you experienced trauma in your past? My desire is to connect with you on a deep level through therapy to help you learn how to overcome difficult emotions. Sometimes experiencing a deeply disappointing or devastating life event might make you feel stuck and unable to move past your reactions to those painful circumstances. Being able to walk alongside you on a path towards inner healing is an honor for me as a therapist. Together we can find the peace of mind we all long for. If you are ready to start your journey towards healing, call for a free consultation.
(740) 495-7382 View (740) 495-7382
Photo of Dirty South Therapeutics LLC , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Dirty South Therapeutics LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
At Dirty South Therapeutics LLC we provide Mental Health and Addiction Therapies for all, no matter their life experience or background. We strive to make therapy as accessible and affordable as possible by accepting most commercial and medicaid plans. In person and teletherapy sessions are available. Our therapists are licensed professionals with diverse backgrounds, and a cumulative total of over 40 years of experience. Follow the link to request an appointment. www.therapyportal.com/p/dirtysouth
At Dirty South Therapeutics LLC we provide Mental Health and Addiction Therapies for all, no matter their life experience or background. We strive to make therapy as accessible and affordable as possible by accepting most commercial and medicaid plans. In person and teletherapy sessions are available. Our therapists are licensed professionals with diverse backgrounds, and a cumulative total of over 40 years of experience. Follow the link to request an appointment. www.therapyportal.com/p/dirtysouth
(740) 299-1237 View (740) 299-1237
Photo of Lesha Malone, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ross County, OH
Lesha Malone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDCIII, CCTP, CEDS
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
I enjoy observing relief at the first visit through attentive listening to clients, encouragement, empowerment and goal setting. I have collected a diverse set of treatment skills working with a diversified clientele. I believe that clients are the experts on themselves. Sometimes clients simply want to be listened to, encouraged and even taught things about how to handle their thoughts, experiences and struggles.
I enjoy observing relief at the first visit through attentive listening to clients, encouragement, empowerment and goal setting. I have collected a diverse set of treatment skills working with a diversified clientele. I believe that clients are the experts on themselves. Sometimes clients simply want to be listened to, encouraged and even taught things about how to handle their thoughts, experiences and struggles.
(740) 245-6192 View (740) 245-6192
Photo of Brandee Bales, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Brandee Bales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Through empathy, support, encouragement, and a strong therapeutic alliance, I strive to empower, encourage and uplift each person that I serve. I want to offer a safe place that is warm, genuine, non-judgmental, and welcoming. I am easy-going, have a calm demeanor, and I am honest. I have over 18 years experience working in the mental health field.
Through empathy, support, encouragement, and a strong therapeutic alliance, I strive to empower, encourage and uplift each person that I serve. I want to offer a safe place that is warm, genuine, non-judgmental, and welcoming. I am easy-going, have a calm demeanor, and I am honest. I have over 18 years experience working in the mental health field.
(740) 926-6756 View (740) 926-6756
Photo of Lisa Franco, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ross County, OH
Lisa Franco
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601
Finding a therapist/counselor is not something we should look down upon. Life can get out of control at times and going to therapy to gain back some control is important. Your goals, visions, and dreams are important and will be taken seriously in therapy. Whether you are struggling with anxiety. depression, divorce, thinking about getting married, substance abuse, parenting, etc... getting in touch with the correct therapist will do wonders for you.
Finding a therapist/counselor is not something we should look down upon. Life can get out of control at times and going to therapy to gain back some control is important. Your goals, visions, and dreams are important and will be taken seriously in therapy. Whether you are struggling with anxiety. depression, divorce, thinking about getting married, substance abuse, parenting, etc... getting in touch with the correct therapist will do wonders for you.
(937) 669-7411 View (937) 669-7411
Photo of Alexander Kiseloff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Alexander Kiseloff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Free 15 minute consultation. Specialization: Anxiety, Depression, Substance Abuse, PTSD. My name is Alex and I am a master's level clinician and owner of Bon Vie Therapy. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and other forms of therapies aimed at helping individuals struggling with substance abuse, anxiety, depression, trauma and other issues. A graduate of the Ohio State University, I have experience working with clients in an inpatient treatment setting as well as in my outpatient private practice where I see a lot of my patients. More information at bonvietherapy.com
Free 15 minute consultation. Specialization: Anxiety, Depression, Substance Abuse, PTSD. My name is Alex and I am a master's level clinician and owner of Bon Vie Therapy. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and other forms of therapies aimed at helping individuals struggling with substance abuse, anxiety, depression, trauma and other issues. A graduate of the Ohio State University, I have experience working with clients in an inpatient treatment setting as well as in my outpatient private practice where I see a lot of my patients. More information at bonvietherapy.com
(740) 498-2366 View (740) 498-2366
Photo of Christy Moraleja, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Christy Moraleja
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
I offer a warm and welcoming approach to counseling with the understanding that you are the expert of your life. So many of us feel as if we are walking this path alone; however it is my passion to assure you that you do not have to walk alone. I come from an overall wellness and strengths-based perspective with the purpose of empowering each client to recognize their own value and significance. I have faith in one's ability to overcome life's challenges so that each individual is able to live their best life. Together we can reach the goal that is desirable to you.
I offer a warm and welcoming approach to counseling with the understanding that you are the expert of your life. So many of us feel as if we are walking this path alone; however it is my passion to assure you that you do not have to walk alone. I come from an overall wellness and strengths-based perspective with the purpose of empowering each client to recognize their own value and significance. I have faith in one's ability to overcome life's challenges so that each individual is able to live their best life. Together we can reach the goal that is desirable to you.
(740) 276-2651 View (740) 276-2651
Elizabeth Bach-Van Valkenburgh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bainbridge, OH 45612
My practice specializes in working with adults who are moving through transition; who need support and information to assist them in doing so in a successful, satisfying manner. My clinical focus is on trauma, relationships/couples, the change process across the life span, and divorce.
My practice specializes in working with adults who are moving through transition; who need support and information to assist them in doing so in a successful, satisfying manner. My clinical focus is on trauma, relationships/couples, the change process across the life span, and divorce.
(440) 565-2459 View (440) 565-2459
Photo of J Anthony Mosley, Counselor in Ross County, OH
J Anthony Mosley
Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
I have been working in the counseling field since 1986. One of the great joys of my work is witnessing healthy change in individuals, couples, and families. I work closely with people in establishing goals and treatment plans to increase possibilities for successful outcomes. I am a primary referral source for Physicians, Pastors, and other professionals in Central Ohio and surrounding areas. It has been a privilege to work with the medical and faith community to meet the mental health needs of those who are hurting.
I have been working in the counseling field since 1986. One of the great joys of my work is witnessing healthy change in individuals, couples, and families. I work closely with people in establishing goals and treatment plans to increase possibilities for successful outcomes. I am a primary referral source for Physicians, Pastors, and other professionals in Central Ohio and surrounding areas. It has been a privilege to work with the medical and faith community to meet the mental health needs of those who are hurting.
(855) 867-6669 View (855) 867-6669
Photo of Dr. Tiffany M Justice, Counselor in Ross County, OH
Dr. Tiffany M Justice
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Dr. Justice. I have a Ph.D., in counseling and a Masters in Mental Health counseling. I work with those who struggle with depression, anxiety, PSTD-trauma, ADHD, relationship issues, people pleasing, among many other related concerns. You are unique and therefore treatment should be tailored to best meet your individual needs. I am an EMDR therapist, I use person-centered therapy, CBT, and DBT. I am open and help you to feel comfortable being your real self. Counseling is your space, a safe space to explore your inner world. Quality treatment should be tailored to your needs!
Hello! I am Dr. Justice. I have a Ph.D., in counseling and a Masters in Mental Health counseling. I work with those who struggle with depression, anxiety, PSTD-trauma, ADHD, relationship issues, people pleasing, among many other related concerns. You are unique and therefore treatment should be tailored to best meet your individual needs. I am an EMDR therapist, I use person-centered therapy, CBT, and DBT. I am open and help you to feel comfortable being your real self. Counseling is your space, a safe space to explore your inner world. Quality treatment should be tailored to your needs!
(740) 370-4248 View (740) 370-4248
Photo of Alex Bishara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ross County, OH
Alex Bishara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Chillicothe, OH 45601  (Online Only)
Are you dealing with a difficult life situation or struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, or ADHD? Do you experience overwhelming thoughts and emotions? Are you struggling to navigate challenges within significant relationships?
Are you dealing with a difficult life situation or struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, or ADHD? Do you experience overwhelming thoughts and emotions? Are you struggling to navigate challenges within significant relationships?
(740) 900-1505 View (740) 900-1505
Photo of Whitney L Speakman, Counselor in Ross County, OH
Whitney L Speakman
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chillicothe, OH 45601
It feels scary and frustrating when your child isn't behaving like themselves. Feelings of guilt, and questions of what you have done wrong seems to keep you awake at night. Feeling as if you have tried everything to find common ground and still falling short. I am here to help. My passion for working with young children and adolescents will be evident as we sit down together and discover how we can re connect with your child/adolescent. Restoring peace of mind and and joy back into your relationship with your child and in your home. I look forward to speaking with you to discuss how I can help.
It feels scary and frustrating when your child isn't behaving like themselves. Feelings of guilt, and questions of what you have done wrong seems to keep you awake at night. Feeling as if you have tried everything to find common ground and still falling short. I am here to help. My passion for working with young children and adolescents will be evident as we sit down together and discover how we can re connect with your child/adolescent. Restoring peace of mind and and joy back into your relationship with your child and in your home. I look forward to speaking with you to discuss how I can help.
(740) 921-1196 View (740) 921-1196

See more therapy options for Ross County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ross County, OH

20+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Ross County, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
92% Anxiety
88% Trauma and PTSD
84% Self Esteem
80% Coping Skills
76% Stress
72% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Ross County, OH see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ross County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.