Photo of Lanie Eichler, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Lanie Eichler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
When approached with integrity, compassion, curiosity and care, psychotherapy can be profoundly transformative and healing. It can help you traverse uncertainty, discover what nourishes and sustains you, and deepen your experience of your world. Though at times elusive, the answers you seek are within; personally, professionally, spiritually. I am deeply dedicated to helping you bridge the corridor between where you are and where you long to be. Together we will work to understand what truly matters to you so that you can live a richer, happier, more satisfying life.
When approached with integrity, compassion, curiosity and care, psychotherapy can be profoundly transformative and healing. It can help you traverse uncertainty, discover what nourishes and sustains you, and deepen your experience of your world. Though at times elusive, the answers you seek are within; personally, professionally, spiritually. I am deeply dedicated to helping you bridge the corridor between where you are and where you long to be. Together we will work to understand what truly matters to you so that you can live a richer, happier, more satisfying life.
(415) 373-4019 View (415) 373-4019
Photo of Jessica Garibaldi, Psychologist in 94109, CA
Jessica Garibaldi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Dr. Garibaldi is a psychologist with expertise in mood disorders, life stressors, and substance abuse. She specializes in treating a variety of disorders, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. Dr. Garibaldi utilizes an integrative approach, incorporating evidence-based treatments; such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Additionally, she has experience working from a relational, attachment focused model. She tailors her approach to best fit the presenting needs of each patient.
Dr. Garibaldi is a psychologist with expertise in mood disorders, life stressors, and substance abuse. She specializes in treating a variety of disorders, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. Dr. Garibaldi utilizes an integrative approach, incorporating evidence-based treatments; such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Additionally, she has experience working from a relational, attachment focused model. She tailors her approach to best fit the presenting needs of each patient.
(628) 232-9185 View (628) 232-9185
Photo of Lonnie Ferguson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94109, CA
Lonnie Ferguson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
My practice focuses on helping LGBTQ+ individuals and couples understand their present experience by identifying obstacles, patterns and core beliefs that become barriers to true growth and change. I specialize in addressing depression, anxiety, maladaptive coping skills, low self esteem, challenges with trust, intimacy and communication, open and polyamorous relationships. Utilizing attachment-based and emotional focused models along with integrated mindfulness and somatic practices, I strive to help clients find the right tools repair the wounds, strengthen relationships and learn to love themselves. It begins with one decision.
My practice focuses on helping LGBTQ+ individuals and couples understand their present experience by identifying obstacles, patterns and core beliefs that become barriers to true growth and change. I specialize in addressing depression, anxiety, maladaptive coping skills, low self esteem, challenges with trust, intimacy and communication, open and polyamorous relationships. Utilizing attachment-based and emotional focused models along with integrated mindfulness and somatic practices, I strive to help clients find the right tools repair the wounds, strengthen relationships and learn to love themselves. It begins with one decision.
(628) 265-8720 View (628) 265-8720
Photo of Julie Schmidt, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Julie Schmidt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Hello! My name is Julie Schmidt. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) providing Client Centered counseling for Californians for nearly 20 years. I enjoy working with clients who are interested in improving their thinking, feeling, and behaviors as life brings us opportunities to explore our strengths and gain insight. People develop and experience their perspectives and feelings in their own unique way, therefore I offer a variety of approaches to therapy. I offer clients Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or "CBT" which emphasizes the link between thinking, feeling, and behaviors.
Hello! My name is Julie Schmidt. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) providing Client Centered counseling for Californians for nearly 20 years. I enjoy working with clients who are interested in improving their thinking, feeling, and behaviors as life brings us opportunities to explore our strengths and gain insight. People develop and experience their perspectives and feelings in their own unique way, therefore I offer a variety of approaches to therapy. I offer clients Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or "CBT" which emphasizes the link between thinking, feeling, and behaviors.
(415) 649-4717 View (415) 649-4717
Photo of Cristina Carter, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Cristina Carter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Times are rough, tell me about it. I work with youth and young adults, as well as adults and families in a variety of situations. I focus on acceptance and personal growth, healing and change, finding meaning in your relationships, and building the confidence to face difficult situations. My approach is built on foundations of being culturally aware, trauma-informed, and authentic.
Times are rough, tell me about it. I work with youth and young adults, as well as adults and families in a variety of situations. I focus on acceptance and personal growth, healing and change, finding meaning in your relationships, and building the confidence to face difficult situations. My approach is built on foundations of being culturally aware, trauma-informed, and authentic.
(415) 463-4607 View (415) 463-4607
Photo of Zena Tucker, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Zena Tucker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
I invite you to walk through a door ready to change, because all you know and all you have tried may not be working for you. I have the training, the confidence, the sensitivity and the sense of humor, when needed, to be the person to help you to find your way. My style is down-to-earth and interactive focusing on change in the present through engagement and connection. Sometimes it's difficult to trust that anyone can truly help you. I encourage you to try. WEBSITE: zenatucker.com
I invite you to walk through a door ready to change, because all you know and all you have tried may not be working for you. I have the training, the confidence, the sensitivity and the sense of humor, when needed, to be the person to help you to find your way. My style is down-to-earth and interactive focusing on change in the present through engagement and connection. Sometimes it's difficult to trust that anyone can truly help you. I encourage you to try. WEBSITE: zenatucker.com
(415) 226-6705 View (415) 226-6705
Photo of Tracy LaRue Yalom, Psychologist in 94109, CA
Tracy LaRue Yalom
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
My approach is interpersonal, both psychodynamically and existentially informed. I have been in practice for over 20 years. In my early years, I was supervised by Dr. Irvin Yalom, and he has been highly influential in my work. I believe my strengths include an ability to genuinely connect with patients in an empathic and non-judgmental manner. I help my patients explore deeper issues and patterns underlying persistent unhappiness, as well as navigate life's hurdles that may feel overwhelming.
My approach is interpersonal, both psychodynamically and existentially informed. I have been in practice for over 20 years. In my early years, I was supervised by Dr. Irvin Yalom, and he has been highly influential in my work. I believe my strengths include an ability to genuinely connect with patients in an empathic and non-judgmental manner. I help my patients explore deeper issues and patterns underlying persistent unhappiness, as well as navigate life's hurdles that may feel overwhelming.
(415) 915-2340 View (415) 915-2340
Photo of Laura Picard, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Laura Picard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, 135100
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Warm, open, and compassionate, I'd love to be your guide to holistic healing and transformation. With expertise in anxiety, trauma, and borderline personality disorder, I guide from a three prong approach considering the past, present and future. Rooted in a warm, eclectic approach, I'll help teach you evidence-based tools to reframe thoughts and regulate emotions, as well as explore root causes for symptom management including getting to know the different "parts" that make up each unique person. Let's empower you to achieve resilience and personal growth, leading to a more fulfilling future:)
Warm, open, and compassionate, I'd love to be your guide to holistic healing and transformation. With expertise in anxiety, trauma, and borderline personality disorder, I guide from a three prong approach considering the past, present and future. Rooted in a warm, eclectic approach, I'll help teach you evidence-based tools to reframe thoughts and regulate emotions, as well as explore root causes for symptom management including getting to know the different "parts" that make up each unique person. Let's empower you to achieve resilience and personal growth, leading to a more fulfilling future:)
(415) 877-9215 View (415) 877-9215
Photo of Carine France, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Carine France
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
I am an experienced integrative psychotherapist and Jungian psychoanalyst with over 20 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, stress management, health issues, and job and life transitions. My approach is very relational and collaborative. My goal is to help you explore what gets in the way of moving forward – difficult feelings or thoughts, old patterns, childhood conditionings – and help you regain an authentic connection with yourself and life.
I am an experienced integrative psychotherapist and Jungian psychoanalyst with over 20 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, stress management, health issues, and job and life transitions. My approach is very relational and collaborative. My goal is to help you explore what gets in the way of moving forward – difficult feelings or thoughts, old patterns, childhood conditionings – and help you regain an authentic connection with yourself and life.
(415) 233-9120 View (415) 233-9120
Photo of Gabriela Ruiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94109, CA
Gabriela Ruiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
I am Luciana Ruiz, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Oakland, California, and working via telehealth with individuals all over the state. I have been a medical social worker for most of my career, and that experience has strengthened my therapeutic approach. I used Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Grief Therapy to help my clients make progress. My experience includes working with people with chronic illnesses, seniors, and couples.
I am Luciana Ruiz, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Oakland, California, and working via telehealth with individuals all over the state. I have been a medical social worker for most of my career, and that experience has strengthened my therapeutic approach. I used Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Grief Therapy to help my clients make progress. My experience includes working with people with chronic illnesses, seniors, and couples.
(415) 704-0384 View (415) 704-0384
Photo of M J Barrett in 94109, CA
M J Barrett
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
For the past 12 years I have helped people through relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting issues, life transitions, to name a few. Reaching out is the BEST first step you can take for yourself, you are not alone - Life throws curve balls and they can be hard to dodge.
For the past 12 years I have helped people through relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting issues, life transitions, to name a few. Reaching out is the BEST first step you can take for yourself, you are not alone - Life throws curve balls and they can be hard to dodge.
(628) 265-3400 View (628) 265-3400
Photo of Psychoanalysis For Artists - Peter Merritt Dobey in 94109, CA
Psychoanalysis For Artists - Peter Merritt Dobey
MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Drawing from my background as editor of an arts magazine and a contemporary artist, I offer tailored psychoanalytic consulting services aimed at helping artists and other individuals tap into their imagination, surmount creative blocks, and unearth fresh inspiration. My practice is rooted in the belief that engaging with existential and metaphysical concepts, as well as understanding one's vocational essence, can pave the way for transformative growth and the realization of personal aspirations.
Drawing from my background as editor of an arts magazine and a contemporary artist, I offer tailored psychoanalytic consulting services aimed at helping artists and other individuals tap into their imagination, surmount creative blocks, and unearth fresh inspiration. My practice is rooted in the belief that engaging with existential and metaphysical concepts, as well as understanding one's vocational essence, can pave the way for transformative growth and the realization of personal aspirations.
(424) 339-1147 View (424) 339-1147
Photo of Rylan Jay Testa, Psychologist in 94109, CA
Rylan Jay Testa
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
As a health psychologist, my approach bridges mental and physical well-being, allowing you to reclaim your life from chronic health issues, such as chronic disease (ex. diabetes, chronic fatigue, IBS, CIRS etc.), weight and eating difficulties, stress-related illness, insomnia, pain, addiction, depression, and anxiety. I combine my expertise in multiple state of the art evidence-based treatment methods, with a nuanced understanding of who you are as a person, to create a tailored treatment approach specific to your aims. I also offer opportunities to incorporate mindfulness, music, art, movement, and nature therapy practices, to maximize your therapeutic success.
As a health psychologist, my approach bridges mental and physical well-being, allowing you to reclaim your life from chronic health issues, such as chronic disease (ex. diabetes, chronic fatigue, IBS, CIRS etc.), weight and eating difficulties, stress-related illness, insomnia, pain, addiction, depression, and anxiety. I combine my expertise in multiple state of the art evidence-based treatment methods, with a nuanced understanding of who you are as a person, to create a tailored treatment approach specific to your aims. I also offer opportunities to incorporate mindfulness, music, art, movement, and nature therapy practices, to maximize your therapeutic success.
(415) 358-0128 View (415) 358-0128
Photo of Kristy Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Kristy Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
I believe as individuals, we are constantly evolving and naturally with these changes, they can bring up feelings of uncertainty, resurfacing of past hurts and challenges in adapting- especially when the world and others tend to be changing at different speeds than we are. In these times of struggle it can be difficult asking for help from others so you should feel proud of yourself for taking this first step by looking for that support! My decision to become a therapist derived from my own journey with life's transitions along with my desire to continue to further meet my innate passion for helping others in their times of need.
I believe as individuals, we are constantly evolving and naturally with these changes, they can bring up feelings of uncertainty, resurfacing of past hurts and challenges in adapting- especially when the world and others tend to be changing at different speeds than we are. In these times of struggle it can be difficult asking for help from others so you should feel proud of yourself for taking this first step by looking for that support! My decision to become a therapist derived from my own journey with life's transitions along with my desire to continue to further meet my innate passion for helping others in their times of need.
(341) 895-5681 View (341) 895-5681
Photo of Couture Counseling , Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Couture Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Hey Couture Fam! I am Yvonne Lynn also known as The Black Couture Counselor. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Expressive Arts Therapist. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and families (Ages 10-17). I LOVE to express how I feel on the inside and the outside. As a creative, I love to bridge the gap between art and traditional talk therapy. Come make a statement with ME!
Hey Couture Fam! I am Yvonne Lynn also known as The Black Couture Counselor. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Expressive Arts Therapist. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and families (Ages 10-17). I LOVE to express how I feel on the inside and the outside. As a creative, I love to bridge the gap between art and traditional talk therapy. Come make a statement with ME!
(415) 903-0590 View (415) 903-0590
Photo of Jen Joseph, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Jen Joseph
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
As a specialist in sex and relationship, people seek my help for a variety of sexual and relational issues including: recovery from infidelity, out of control sexual behavior aka 'sex addiction,' desire discrepancies, low-sex or no-sex marriages, sex pain, 'sexual performance' issues, challenges with ethical non-monogamy or a desire to open up a relationship, conflicts around porn or fetishes, religious sexual shame, arguing + communication issues, lack of intimacy, major life transitions and couples on the brink of divorce who want clarity and confidence about how to move forward.
As a specialist in sex and relationship, people seek my help for a variety of sexual and relational issues including: recovery from infidelity, out of control sexual behavior aka 'sex addiction,' desire discrepancies, low-sex or no-sex marriages, sex pain, 'sexual performance' issues, challenges with ethical non-monogamy or a desire to open up a relationship, conflicts around porn or fetishes, religious sexual shame, arguing + communication issues, lack of intimacy, major life transitions and couples on the brink of divorce who want clarity and confidence about how to move forward.
(415) 212-5329 View (415) 212-5329
Photo of Dawn Lawhon, Psychologist in 94109, CA
Dawn Lawhon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by work and as though you’ve lost the way forward? I specialize in individual therapy for healthcare professionals and others in highly demanding jobs seeking to recover from anxiety, stress, and burnout, and to re-find their sense of passion, purpose, and meaning. I especially enjoy working with adult ADHDers and others who identify as neurodivergent. Together, we'll consider the full range of your stressors (at work and away from it), assess the impact of the systems in which you work and live, and identify the ways of coping and growing that are most helpful for you.
Feeling overwhelmed by work and as though you’ve lost the way forward? I specialize in individual therapy for healthcare professionals and others in highly demanding jobs seeking to recover from anxiety, stress, and burnout, and to re-find their sense of passion, purpose, and meaning. I especially enjoy working with adult ADHDers and others who identify as neurodivergent. Together, we'll consider the full range of your stressors (at work and away from it), assess the impact of the systems in which you work and live, and identify the ways of coping and growing that are most helpful for you.
(415) 843-8167 View (415) 843-8167
Photo of Tammie D. Grant, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Tammie D. Grant
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
I focus on unlocking past disturbances from childhood through adulthood that inhibit one's relationships, work environment and overall goals. We will work with your current day stressors to help you feel more relaxed in life and less depressed. I will help you feel more empowered with deeper meaning and with more satisfying connections to yourself and others.
I focus on unlocking past disturbances from childhood through adulthood that inhibit one's relationships, work environment and overall goals. We will work with your current day stressors to help you feel more relaxed in life and less depressed. I will help you feel more empowered with deeper meaning and with more satisfying connections to yourself and others.
(415) 801-3997 View (415) 801-3997
Photo of Madison Messerli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94109, CA
Madison Messerli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
It’s 8 pm the night before your work project is due, and the pressure is on. Your boss assigned this three weeks ago, and you kept telling yourself you had more time. Now, there are less than 12 hours to hand it in, and you haven’t even begun. But, rather than finally starting, you look for anything else to do. “The oven could use a deep clean,” you decide to yourself. You watch the clock tick, and your stress builds until you have no choice but to start, but by then, it’s too late to do it right. So you hand in the work late again, rushed and full of errors. You hate letting yourself and others down but don’t know another way.
It’s 8 pm the night before your work project is due, and the pressure is on. Your boss assigned this three weeks ago, and you kept telling yourself you had more time. Now, there are less than 12 hours to hand it in, and you haven’t even begun. But, rather than finally starting, you look for anything else to do. “The oven could use a deep clean,” you decide to yourself. You watch the clock tick, and your stress builds until you have no choice but to start, but by then, it’s too late to do it right. So you hand in the work late again, rushed and full of errors. You hate letting yourself and others down but don’t know another way.
(415) 301-6908 View (415) 301-6908
Photo of Leah R Finn, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94109, CA
Leah R Finn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
As your therapist, I create an environment for you to feel safe to explore fears, challenges and your deepest desires. I'm here to empower you! I'll offer a variety of techniques and collaborate with you in developing goals to co-create a therapeutic experience, facilitating healing and personal growth. I use an anti-oppression, disability justice framework and consider how ethnicity, class, gender, age, ability and sexuality intersect. My background as a community organizer for social justice informs my practice. I will tailor our work together to address your unique and specific needs and preferences.
As your therapist, I create an environment for you to feel safe to explore fears, challenges and your deepest desires. I'm here to empower you! I'll offer a variety of techniques and collaborate with you in developing goals to co-create a therapeutic experience, facilitating healing and personal growth. I use an anti-oppression, disability justice framework and consider how ethnicity, class, gender, age, ability and sexuality intersect. My background as a community organizer for social justice informs my practice. I will tailor our work together to address your unique and specific needs and preferences.
(510) 560-7164 View (510) 560-7164

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94109

300+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in 94109 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
66% Life Transitions
64% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 94109 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94109?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.