Trauma and PTSD Therapists in T3L

Photo of Behnam Kohandel, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Behnam Kohandel
Psychologist, MA, R, Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Life at times may feel like a relentless struggle, filled with sadness, discouragement, and overwhelming despair. As a psychologist, with more than 20 years experience, I can support you to overcome challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, perfectionism, people pleasing, trauma, addiction, eating issues including binge eating, bulimia and anorexia and couples therapy. I utilize Internal Family Systems (IFS), an innovative and transformative therapeutic model for emotional healing of eating disorders, addiction, anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties.
Life at times may feel like a relentless struggle, filled with sadness, discouragement, and overwhelming despair. As a psychologist, with more than 20 years experience, I can support you to overcome challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, perfectionism, people pleasing, trauma, addiction, eating issues including binge eating, bulimia and anorexia and couples therapy. I utilize Internal Family Systems (IFS), an innovative and transformative therapeutic model for emotional healing of eating disorders, addiction, anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties.
(844) 311-8027 View (844) 311-8027
Photo of Kate Nielsen, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Kate Nielsen
Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
My primary approaches are: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (reframing negative/anxious thoughts and increasing adaptive coping skills); trauma focused counselling (EMDR, Natural Processing, Accelerated Resolution Therapy, Somatic Experiencing, Bodynamics); and play therapy for children.
Located in NW Calgary in Tuscany, I am a Registered Psychologist with 15+ years of experience. I see children, adolescents, and adults. My particular areas of specialty are: anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, stress, and relationship issues. I believe that the fit between therapist and client is key. I work collaboratively with clients to conceptualize and understand the presenting issue, to identify goals and ways to move forward, and to build on and increase coping tools.
My primary approaches are: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (reframing negative/anxious thoughts and increasing adaptive coping skills); trauma focused counselling (EMDR, Natural Processing, Accelerated Resolution Therapy, Somatic Experiencing, Bodynamics); and play therapy for children.
Located in NW Calgary in Tuscany, I am a Registered Psychologist with 15+ years of experience. I see children, adolescents, and adults. My particular areas of specialty are: anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, stress, and relationship issues. I believe that the fit between therapist and client is key. I work collaboratively with clients to conceptualize and understand the presenting issue, to identify goals and ways to move forward, and to build on and increase coping tools.
(587) 847-5471 View (587) 847-5471
Photo of Abigail Barth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in T3L, AB
Abigail Barth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
By bringing together my specialized training in perinatal mental health and your personal experience and understanding of yourself, we can work together to soften the edges of anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma so that you can live more fully.
Birth can be beautiful and scary. And when a birth doesn't go as planned, it can affect us in ways that we never expected. Right now, you may be staring at your newborn feeling overwhelmed by intrusive thoughts, sadness, or fear. Or maybe you’re reeling from a miscarriage, stillbirth, or TFMR, and you need someone to help carry your pain without dismissal or judgment. Or you've gotten through that first year and are dreading the end of your leave and don't know how you're going to get through the transition to work and daycare. If this is you, I can help!
By bringing together my specialized training in perinatal mental health and your personal experience and understanding of yourself, we can work together to soften the edges of anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma so that you can live more fully.
Birth can be beautiful and scary. And when a birth doesn't go as planned, it can affect us in ways that we never expected. Right now, you may be staring at your newborn feeling overwhelmed by intrusive thoughts, sadness, or fear. Or maybe you’re reeling from a miscarriage, stillbirth, or TFMR, and you need someone to help carry your pain without dismissal or judgment. Or you've gotten through that first year and are dreading the end of your leave and don't know how you're going to get through the transition to work and daycare. If this is you, I can help!
(587) 842-0291 View (587) 842-0291
Photo of Jennifer Adams, Registered Social Worker in T3L, AB
Jennifer Adams
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
I specialize in working in the area of trauma across the lifespan, and the often-coinciding challenges that can exist within this sphere, including anxiety, depression, and behavioural and relationship challenges.
I strive to support individuals with their mental well-being journeys. I am dedicated to building a collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental relationship with my clients as they transform their relationship with painful emotions and experiences. I work with you to understand the impact of trauma, mental health and emotional dysregulation while supporting you in healing and building a renewed story of your life.
I specialize in working in the area of trauma across the lifespan, and the often-coinciding challenges that can exist within this sphere, including anxiety, depression, and behavioural and relationship challenges.
I strive to support individuals with their mental well-being journeys. I am dedicated to building a collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental relationship with my clients as they transform their relationship with painful emotions and experiences. I work with you to understand the impact of trauma, mental health and emotional dysregulation while supporting you in healing and building a renewed story of your life.
(587) 803-1993 View (587) 803-1993
Photo of Dr. Farron Wielinga, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Dr. Farron Wielinga
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in in supporting folks through life transitions, anxiety, assessment and treatment of trauma-related concerns, personality disorders, and substance use concerns.
If you are faced with anxiety, a life transition (e.g., loss, retirement, relationship concerns, parenting concerns), patterns of behaviour that no longer serve you, or trauma, we may be a good therapeutic fit! My therapy style is grounded in an existential outlook, prioritizing freedom and personal responsibility in the pursuit of a meaningful life.
I specialize in in supporting folks through life transitions, anxiety, assessment and treatment of trauma-related concerns, personality disorders, and substance use concerns.
If you are faced with anxiety, a life transition (e.g., loss, retirement, relationship concerns, parenting concerns), patterns of behaviour that no longer serve you, or trauma, we may be a good therapeutic fit! My therapy style is grounded in an existential outlook, prioritizing freedom and personal responsibility in the pursuit of a meaningful life.
(587) 705-5959 View (587) 705-5959
Photo of Sharon Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in T3L, AB
Sharon Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
I have extensive training and experience in mental health, trauma, parent-child relationships, and marital/family disharmony.
Sometimes the challenges we face in our daily lives become too difficult to manage alone. We may need someone to talk to who can help us find solutions. Whether you are struggling with depression, stress management, are having difficulty in your current relationship, have issues from your past which are having a negative impact on your current functioning, or whether you are looking for someone to help support you in making positive changes in your life, I can help. With over seven years of clinical experience, I can help tailor a therapy program designed to meet your personal/family’s counselling needs.
I have extensive training and experience in mental health, trauma, parent-child relationships, and marital/family disharmony.
Sometimes the challenges we face in our daily lives become too difficult to manage alone. We may need someone to talk to who can help us find solutions. Whether you are struggling with depression, stress management, are having difficulty in your current relationship, have issues from your past which are having a negative impact on your current functioning, or whether you are looking for someone to help support you in making positive changes in your life, I can help. With over seven years of clinical experience, I can help tailor a therapy program designed to meet your personal/family’s counselling needs.
(855) 972-9619 View (855) 972-9619
Photo of Gabriela Valenzuela, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Gabriela Valenzuela
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L  (Online Only)
I love working with teens and young adults who need support with anxiety, depression, trauma, or whatever else is impacting their lives. I enjoy helping them gain insight into their own thoughts, feelings, and actions. I want to empower young people to be their own advocates, change their negative thinking patterns, and effectively manage their emotions. I am also available to do AD/HD and psycho-educational assessments.
I love working with teens and young adults who need support with anxiety, depression, trauma, or whatever else is impacting their lives. I enjoy helping them gain insight into their own thoughts, feelings, and actions. I want to empower young people to be their own advocates, change their negative thinking patterns, and effectively manage their emotions. I am also available to do AD/HD and psycho-educational assessments.
(825) 445-1094 View (825) 445-1094
Photo of Sarah Macdonald in T3L, AB
Sarah Macdonald
MA, CCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
I am able to provide Gottman Couples Therapy as well as 1:1 EMDR Therapy for trauma.
If you've been feeling stuck with stress, anxiety, or past traumas and what you're looking for is meaningful change, you're in the right place. Hi there, I'm Sarah. I provide a connection-based tailored approach that meets you wherever you may be on your journey. My first goal in counselling is that you feel safe, comfortable, and validated in my office, it is in the presence of connection that healing can begin. I'm able to support clients through past traumatic experiences, stress, anxiety, issues with self-esteem, and complex relationships who are hoping to move forward towards healing. I'm also offer EMDR therapy.
I am able to provide Gottman Couples Therapy as well as 1:1 EMDR Therapy for trauma.
If you've been feeling stuck with stress, anxiety, or past traumas and what you're looking for is meaningful change, you're in the right place. Hi there, I'm Sarah. I provide a connection-based tailored approach that meets you wherever you may be on your journey. My first goal in counselling is that you feel safe, comfortable, and validated in my office, it is in the presence of connection that healing can begin. I'm able to support clients through past traumatic experiences, stress, anxiety, issues with self-esteem, and complex relationships who are hoping to move forward towards healing. I'm also offer EMDR therapy.
(587) 804-5435 View (587) 804-5435
Photo of Stephanie L Patterson, Registered Social Worker in T3L, AB
Stephanie L Patterson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
Stephanie brings the experience of 17 years as a Registered Social Worker, working with children, youth, adults, and families who have experienced the impact of trauma, interpersonal violence, attachment difficulties, life transitions, grief/ loss, and difficult family dynamics. Helping clients work through these difficulties in a collaborative, safe and respectful manner in a healing relationship is her top priority.
Stephanie brings the experience of 17 years as a Registered Social Worker, working with children, youth, adults, and families who have experienced the impact of trauma, interpersonal violence, attachment difficulties, life transitions, grief/ loss, and difficult family dynamics. Helping clients work through these difficulties in a collaborative, safe and respectful manner in a healing relationship is her top priority.
(587) 404-0713 View (587) 404-0713
Photo of Annemieke Aardoom, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Annemieke Aardoom
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Trauma can be the basis of many psychological issues, such as anxiety and depression, trouble sleeping and a host of other things.
I am a registered psychologist with over 15 years of experience. I see adults and couples. I have a holistic approach, embracing spiritual, mental, emotional and physical aspects of our being. The focus is on awareness, mindfulness, heart meditation, and mind–heart-body integration. I use various body-focused methods, archetypes, imagery and inner child healing, as well as dream analysis and more. I will fully meet you where you are and help you reconnect to yourself and embrace all of you so that you may experience harmony and peace in your life. I specialize in trauma and I practice Somatic Experiencing and ART.
Trauma can be the basis of many psychological issues, such as anxiety and depression, trouble sleeping and a host of other things.
I am a registered psychologist with over 15 years of experience. I see adults and couples. I have a holistic approach, embracing spiritual, mental, emotional and physical aspects of our being. The focus is on awareness, mindfulness, heart meditation, and mind–heart-body integration. I use various body-focused methods, archetypes, imagery and inner child healing, as well as dream analysis and more. I will fully meet you where you are and help you reconnect to yourself and embrace all of you so that you may experience harmony and peace in your life. I specialize in trauma and I practice Somatic Experiencing and ART.
(587) 813-5090 View (587) 813-5090
Photo of Bonnie Heidebrecht, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Bonnie Heidebrecht
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Over the past 25 years, Bonnie vast experience has included providing psychological assessment and therapy services with children, adults and families in various mental health clinics, addictions centres and educational settings. Bonnie provides psychotherapy services to individuals who are experiencing issues related to low self-esteem/confidence, loss/grief, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, work, and/or attachment/relationship concerns. She also provides psycho-educational assessments with school-aged children who are struggling academically due to possible undiagnosed learning, social, emotional, and/or behavioural issues.
Over the past 25 years, Bonnie vast experience has included providing psychological assessment and therapy services with children, adults and families in various mental health clinics, addictions centres and educational settings. Bonnie provides psychotherapy services to individuals who are experiencing issues related to low self-esteem/confidence, loss/grief, ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma, work, and/or attachment/relationship concerns. She also provides psycho-educational assessments with school-aged children who are struggling academically due to possible undiagnosed learning, social, emotional, and/or behavioural issues.
(587) 815-8528 View (587) 815-8528
Photo of Tina Virjee, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Tina Virjee
Psychologist, MACP
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
I can help with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, interpersonal relationships, communication, addictions, and emotional regulation.
Whether facing challenges or striving for personal growth, seeking support is a sign of strength. I view the counselling process as a collaboration between client and therapist to construct an achievable path to meet individualized needs. The importance of recognizing and utilizing personal strengths to achieve goals is a key to success. Over the last 20 years, I have gained experience working with adolescents and their families in Corrections and in Calgary area high schools. As a therapist, I help individuals and families identify challenges, foster healthy communication, promote understanding, and strengthen relationship bonds.
I can help with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, interpersonal relationships, communication, addictions, and emotional regulation.
Whether facing challenges or striving for personal growth, seeking support is a sign of strength. I view the counselling process as a collaboration between client and therapist to construct an achievable path to meet individualized needs. The importance of recognizing and utilizing personal strengths to achieve goals is a key to success. Over the last 20 years, I have gained experience working with adolescents and their families in Corrections and in Calgary area high schools. As a therapist, I help individuals and families identify challenges, foster healthy communication, promote understanding, and strengthen relationship bonds.
(587) 872-8139 View (587) 872-8139
Photo of Erin Smith, Registered Provisional Psychologist in T3L, AB
Erin Smith
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
I work with individuals and couples struggling with anxiety and stress, ADHD, depression, work and life satisfaction/balance/transitions, relationship issues, low self-confidence, and trauma.
“All great changes are proceeded by chaos” - Deepak Chopra. I know change is hard, but you're not alone. I meet you where you are and support you on your journey to emotional, psychological, and relational well-being. Together we’ll explore the challenges you’re facing and find solutions, healing, and hope. I provide a safe and caring space where you can share your story and try new ways of being. Being a registered provisional psychologist, I integrate evidence-based approaches and practices suited to your needs and situation to help you develop insight and skills for leading the life you want.
I work with individuals and couples struggling with anxiety and stress, ADHD, depression, work and life satisfaction/balance/transitions, relationship issues, low self-confidence, and trauma.
“All great changes are proceeded by chaos” - Deepak Chopra. I know change is hard, but you're not alone. I meet you where you are and support you on your journey to emotional, psychological, and relational well-being. Together we’ll explore the challenges you’re facing and find solutions, healing, and hope. I provide a safe and caring space where you can share your story and try new ways of being. Being a registered provisional psychologist, I integrate evidence-based approaches and practices suited to your needs and situation to help you develop insight and skills for leading the life you want.
(825) 254-6577 View (825) 254-6577
Photo of Dr. Laurel Korotana, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Dr. Laurel Korotana
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in treatment for children, adolescents, and young adults. I have trained and worked in a pediatric hospital and multiple mental health clinics and have expertise in mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, body image concerns, child behavior difficulties, etc.) and health psychology (e.g., sleep, chronic pain, coping with medical conditions, etc.). I'm also passionate about supporting parent-child relationships, recognizing such relationships as integral to promoting resilience throughout life’s challenges.
I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in treatment for children, adolescents, and young adults. I have trained and worked in a pediatric hospital and multiple mental health clinics and have expertise in mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, body image concerns, child behavior difficulties, etc.) and health psychology (e.g., sleep, chronic pain, coping with medical conditions, etc.). I'm also passionate about supporting parent-child relationships, recognizing such relationships as integral to promoting resilience throughout life’s challenges.
(403) 589-3456 View (403) 589-3456
Photo of Cordazzo Psychology, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Cordazzo Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, CAP5147
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
Dr. Sheila T. D. Cordazzo, Ph.D. is the founder of Cordazzo Psychology and a registered Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience working with children, teenagers, families and adults regarding different issues to improve their mental and emotional wellbeing.
Dr. Sheila T. D. Cordazzo, Ph.D. is the founder of Cordazzo Psychology and a registered Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience working with children, teenagers, families and adults regarding different issues to improve their mental and emotional wellbeing.
(403) 247-2947 View (403) 247-2947
Photo of Dr. Scott Anderson, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Dr. Scott Anderson
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L  (Online Only)
Do you continue to relive or think about a traumatic experience that affects your relationships and work? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or irritated by work demands or responsibilities in life? Do you question whether your experience is normal or things could be different? Now more than ever, first responders feel overwhelmed, frustrated, and burned out due to the intense demands and expectations placed upon them.
Do you continue to relive or think about a traumatic experience that affects your relationships and work? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, or irritated by work demands or responsibilities in life? Do you question whether your experience is normal or things could be different? Now more than ever, first responders feel overwhelmed, frustrated, and burned out due to the intense demands and expectations placed upon them.
(587) 864-6121 View (587) 864-6121
Photo of Tara Lee Perry, Registered Social Worker in T3L, AB
Tara Lee Perry
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
Prioritizing our own well-being and actively taking steps to support our own health and happiness is one of the hardest, and most important things we’ll ever do. Whether you find yourself facing chronic pain or illness, processing a difficult life change, or wanting to explore a different way of relating to yourself and your past experiences. The decision to seek help is a powerful step in this journey. I’m Tara, a therapist with over 25 years of experience dedicated to a holistic, wellness-centric approach to mental health.
Prioritizing our own well-being and actively taking steps to support our own health and happiness is one of the hardest, and most important things we’ll ever do. Whether you find yourself facing chronic pain or illness, processing a difficult life change, or wanting to explore a different way of relating to yourself and your past experiences. The decision to seek help is a powerful step in this journey. I’m Tara, a therapist with over 25 years of experience dedicated to a holistic, wellness-centric approach to mental health.
(587) 853-0062 View (587) 853-0062
Photo of Ifeoma Ezekeke - The Change Talk Space, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in T3L, AB
Ifeoma Ezekeke - The Change Talk Space
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Are you feeling helpless, stressed, anxious, depressed, traumatized, grieving, struggling with OCD, parenting, or other life issues? I’m here to tell you that I have your back and will walk the walk with you in solving these problems that life may have presented you. Is there also a possibility that you may be scared, overwhelmed or discouraged by the thought of attending therapy? Well, be rest assured that these kinds of feelings are normal whenever we consider making the tough changes, we so desire in our lives. Congratulations, you have taken the right first steps by summing up the courage to seek help and support!
Are you feeling helpless, stressed, anxious, depressed, traumatized, grieving, struggling with OCD, parenting, or other life issues? I’m here to tell you that I have your back and will walk the walk with you in solving these problems that life may have presented you. Is there also a possibility that you may be scared, overwhelmed or discouraged by the thought of attending therapy? Well, be rest assured that these kinds of feelings are normal whenever we consider making the tough changes, we so desire in our lives. Congratulations, you have taken the right first steps by summing up the courage to seek help and support!
(587) 856-0611 View (587) 856-0611
Photo of Navneet Gill, Counsellor in T3L, AB
Navneet Gill
Counsellor, CCC, OT, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3L
Are you living in 2 worlds as a South Asian Canadian, hiding parts of your identity? This conflict leaves you experiencing guilt, shame, anxiety, a loss of autonomy and self, as you walk the tightrope of everybody's expectations of you. Growing up in a home environment that is completely different from your outside world can drastically impact your well-being and leave you asking “Who am I”? This can be exacerbated by enmeshed family dynamics. Culturally using your voice and setting boundaries feels selfish at first - but we can get you there together. You will learn and unlearn things as you proudly grow into your authentic self.
Are you living in 2 worlds as a South Asian Canadian, hiding parts of your identity? This conflict leaves you experiencing guilt, shame, anxiety, a loss of autonomy and self, as you walk the tightrope of everybody's expectations of you. Growing up in a home environment that is completely different from your outside world can drastically impact your well-being and leave you asking “Who am I”? This can be exacerbated by enmeshed family dynamics. Culturally using your voice and setting boundaries feels selfish at first - but we can get you there together. You will learn and unlearn things as you proudly grow into your authentic self.
(587) 412-5184 View (587) 412-5184
Photo of Stephanie Dean, Psychologist in T3L, AB
Stephanie Dean
Psychologist, R Psyc
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3L
I am a registered psychologist with comprehensive experience providing counselling and assessment services. I am here to create an open, safe, and nonjudgemental environment for you to discuss your emotions, life challenges, and concerns. I guide clients on a journey of self-discovery, helping them process emotions, develop coping strategies, and facilitate personal growth. I provide a variety of psychological assessment services to assist with a holistic treatment model and for clients who require supports to improve their daily living.
I am a registered psychologist with comprehensive experience providing counselling and assessment services. I am here to create an open, safe, and nonjudgemental environment for you to discuss your emotions, life challenges, and concerns. I guide clients on a journey of self-discovery, helping them process emotions, develop coping strategies, and facilitate personal growth. I provide a variety of psychological assessment services to assist with a holistic treatment model and for clients who require supports to improve their daily living.
(587) 747-8012 View (587) 747-8012

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Trauma and PTSD Counsellors

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.