Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Psychotherapy Associates, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Psychotherapy Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
At Psychotherapy Associates, we believe in providing a safe, nurturing and effective psychotherapy to individuals, couples, children and families in crisis or other major life transitions. We also offer play therapy, EMDR for teens and adults, as well as court and CPS-mandated services for all age groups. Additionally, we work very closely with doctors, pediatricians, schools and other specialists out in the community to provide the best continuity of care for our clients. If we can be of help to you or someone you care about, please call or email us today for more information or to make an appointment with one of our counselors.
At Psychotherapy Associates, we believe in providing a safe, nurturing and effective psychotherapy to individuals, couples, children and families in crisis or other major life transitions. We also offer play therapy, EMDR for teens and adults, as well as court and CPS-mandated services for all age groups. Additionally, we work very closely with doctors, pediatricians, schools and other specialists out in the community to provide the best continuity of care for our clients. If we can be of help to you or someone you care about, please call or email us today for more information or to make an appointment with one of our counselors.
(512) 750-5098 View (512) 750-5098
Photo of Cascade Neurodiagnostics, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Cascade Neurodiagnostics
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73301
I love to work with families whose children and teens are experiencing learning difficulties, using behavior as a form of communication, or showing social-emotional differences. Children often require support to navigate their unique challenges and to unlock their full potential in a supportive and understanding environment, and it is our comprehensive approach that focuses on both strengths and areas of growth that helps create a unique developmental roadmap to support kids and their families.
I love to work with families whose children and teens are experiencing learning difficulties, using behavior as a form of communication, or showing social-emotional differences. Children often require support to navigate their unique challenges and to unlock their full potential in a supportive and understanding environment, and it is our comprehensive approach that focuses on both strengths and areas of growth that helps create a unique developmental roadmap to support kids and their families.
(425) 407-5418 View (425) 407-5418
Photo of M. Christine Fatherree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
M. Christine Fatherree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746  (Online Only)
People sometimes have traumatic events in their life; spending years trying to ‘get over’ the event without being able to process the trauma. Trauma impacts a person’s life and their ability to heal. I work with adults who want to address the trauma and its effects. They want to change the feelings of inadequacy, poor self esteem and of course depression. Trauma effects can manifest in different beliefs about ourselves. Changing those beliefs is a beginning to changing our relationship with ourselves. I find partnering with individuals who want to work on creating a more fulfilling future for themselves is humbling.
People sometimes have traumatic events in their life; spending years trying to ‘get over’ the event without being able to process the trauma. Trauma impacts a person’s life and their ability to heal. I work with adults who want to address the trauma and its effects. They want to change the feelings of inadequacy, poor self esteem and of course depression. Trauma effects can manifest in different beliefs about ourselves. Changing those beliefs is a beginning to changing our relationship with ourselves. I find partnering with individuals who want to work on creating a more fulfilling future for themselves is humbling.
(830) 396-5384 View (830) 396-5384
Photo of Wendy M Crook-Abel, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Wendy M Crook-Abel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78703  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist committed to helping you build a life worth living. I work with a variety of issues including recovering from trauma, coping with chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and learning to manage emotions. My approach is to work collaboratively with you to learn new behaviors and skills to replace ineffective patterns of behavior that are interfering in your life.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist committed to helping you build a life worth living. I work with a variety of issues including recovering from trauma, coping with chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and learning to manage emotions. My approach is to work collaboratively with you to learn new behaviors and skills to replace ineffective patterns of behavior that are interfering in your life.
(361) 203-4513 View (361) 203-4513
Photo of Jinan Amra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Jinan Amra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78703  (Online Only)
Do you feel insecure in relationships, like your emotions are controlling you instead of you controlling them? Are feelings of anxiety, anger or rejection keeping you from healthy connection? If you find yourself repeating the same harmful patterns, or having the same arguments over and over no matter how hard you try, then it’s time for a change! You know you deserve better than what you’re allowing yourself to have, and you’re ready to start creating new patterns in your life, you're just not quite sure how to get it, and that's where I can help.
Do you feel insecure in relationships, like your emotions are controlling you instead of you controlling them? Are feelings of anxiety, anger or rejection keeping you from healthy connection? If you find yourself repeating the same harmful patterns, or having the same arguments over and over no matter how hard you try, then it’s time for a change! You know you deserve better than what you’re allowing yourself to have, and you’re ready to start creating new patterns in your life, you're just not quite sure how to get it, and that's where I can help.
(281) 688-2854 View (281) 688-2854
Photo of Austin Anxiety and Trauma Specialists, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Austin Anxiety and Trauma Specialists
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Now offering Tele-therapy for ALL residents of Texas! Do you feel like you spend all your energy managing your fear or depression, trying to prevent panic attacks, and hiding your anxiety from those around you? You're here because you're unsure if you can overcome what's holding you back and it feels like nothing helps. From our first session together our providers will give you concrete tools and ideas to help you manage your symptoms once and for all. We can help you start looking inwards at your needs, feelings, and wants, and focus on you instead of looking after everyone around you.
Now offering Tele-therapy for ALL residents of Texas! Do you feel like you spend all your energy managing your fear or depression, trying to prevent panic attacks, and hiding your anxiety from those around you? You're here because you're unsure if you can overcome what's holding you back and it feels like nothing helps. From our first session together our providers will give you concrete tools and ideas to help you manage your symptoms once and for all. We can help you start looking inwards at your needs, feelings, and wants, and focus on you instead of looking after everyone around you.
(737) 204-8680 View (737) 204-8680
Sharon Gough
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
(737) 373-4809 View (737) 373-4809
Photo of Joseph Germano, Pre-Licensed Professional in Austin, TX
Joseph Germano
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker in Austin, TX, supervised by Adam Benden LCSW-S. I work with teenagers, emerging adults, and have worked with LGBTQ+ individuals with a focus on the coming out process and relating to one's own identity. I am part of the LGBTQ+ community and work from an anti-oppressive framework. I believe I would be a good fit for you especially if you are looking to deepen your relationship to your identity and lived experience, or work through your stuck points so you can live more authentically.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker in Austin, TX, supervised by Adam Benden LCSW-S. I work with teenagers, emerging adults, and have worked with LGBTQ+ individuals with a focus on the coming out process and relating to one's own identity. I am part of the LGBTQ+ community and work from an anti-oppressive framework. I believe I would be a good fit for you especially if you are looking to deepen your relationship to your identity and lived experience, or work through your stuck points so you can live more authentically.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Ron Gravis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Ron Gravis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC, EMDR, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Online therapy is central in my practice. It is effective, convenient and greatly appreciated by my clients. Scheduling sessions works well with almost everyone's calendar! I focus on/value your needs first. As we check-in together, connection, trust and comfort create an honest space for you to share and grow. I approach therapy as a dynamic partnership - where proven technique and deep relational connection yield cognitive, emotional and spiritual integration. Honing technique to fit client needs + personalized connectivity yields clarity and growth. Moving through the process, we target and work toward this result...together.
Online therapy is central in my practice. It is effective, convenient and greatly appreciated by my clients. Scheduling sessions works well with almost everyone's calendar! I focus on/value your needs first. As we check-in together, connection, trust and comfort create an honest space for you to share and grow. I approach therapy as a dynamic partnership - where proven technique and deep relational connection yield cognitive, emotional and spiritual integration. Honing technique to fit client needs + personalized connectivity yields clarity and growth. Moving through the process, we target and work toward this result...together.
(512) 900-2094 View (512) 900-2094
Photo of Janelle Linares, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Janelle Linares
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
No matter where you are in your journey, I'm here to create a safe space where you can feel understood, supported, and heard. I embrace diverse backgrounds, helping those dealing with victimization, trauma, work stress, life changes, mental health challenges, risky behaviors, attachment issues, dissociation and children/teenagers who may be re-enacting sexual behaviors. I have received professional training in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Problem Sexual Behavior Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (PSB-CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
No matter where you are in your journey, I'm here to create a safe space where you can feel understood, supported, and heard. I embrace diverse backgrounds, helping those dealing with victimization, trauma, work stress, life changes, mental health challenges, risky behaviors, attachment issues, dissociation and children/teenagers who may be re-enacting sexual behaviors. I have received professional training in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Problem Sexual Behavior Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (PSB-CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
(713) 564-7025 View (713) 564-7025
Photo of Cynthia Horwitz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Cynthia Horwitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
I consider therapy a partnership, and I love having the opportunity to walk alongside clients as they make positive changes in their lives. Whether you are addressing a painful problem, working through life changes, or simply wish to experience more joy and fulfillment, know that you are not alone. We all need support and a little guidance from time to time! My plan is that we will work together to identify your strengths, your goals, and your path forward.
I consider therapy a partnership, and I love having the opportunity to walk alongside clients as they make positive changes in their lives. Whether you are addressing a painful problem, working through life changes, or simply wish to experience more joy and fulfillment, know that you are not alone. We all need support and a little guidance from time to time! My plan is that we will work together to identify your strengths, your goals, and your path forward.
(832) 321-8468 View (832) 321-8468
Photo of Amanda Norminton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Amanda Norminton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed trying to manage all of your responsibilities, and find yourself doing many things, but none of them as well as you'd like? Do you find your stress level negatively impacting your relationships? You want to be the best parent and spouse you can be while trying to juggle work and time for yourself but you have no idea where to start. You feel like you are doing so much you never have a second to stop and breathe and take in the positives in your life.
Do you feel overwhelmed trying to manage all of your responsibilities, and find yourself doing many things, but none of them as well as you'd like? Do you find your stress level negatively impacting your relationships? You want to be the best parent and spouse you can be while trying to juggle work and time for yourself but you have no idea where to start. You feel like you are doing so much you never have a second to stop and breathe and take in the positives in your life.
(832) 271-7780 View (832) 271-7780
Photo of Laurie Pettis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Laurie Pettis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78744
My name is Laurie Pettis and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker supervised. I am EMDR Trained. I began working with victims and survivors of sex trafficking in 2011 when I moved to China for a year. Then, I continued that work in Houston in 2017, which led me to graduate school for social work in 2019. After graduating in 2021, I have worked with both male, female, and LGBTQIA+ individuals recovering from substance use and other mental health disorders. I have worked with clients who have personality disorders, mood disorders, PTSD or emotional/sexual/religious trauma.
My name is Laurie Pettis and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker supervised. I am EMDR Trained. I began working with victims and survivors of sex trafficking in 2011 when I moved to China for a year. Then, I continued that work in Houston in 2017, which led me to graduate school for social work in 2019. After graduating in 2021, I have worked with both male, female, and LGBTQIA+ individuals recovering from substance use and other mental health disorders. I have worked with clients who have personality disorders, mood disorders, PTSD or emotional/sexual/religious trauma.
(512) 877-7094 View (512) 877-7094
Photo of Jen Hill, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Austin, TX
Jen Hill
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
I am passionate about helping others enhance connections in their lives and live more authentically. I support clients experiencing anxiety, depression, and trauma by utilizing deep listening, collaboration, mindfulness, vulnerability, and building trust. I offer support around pregnancy, miscarriage, postpartum issues, parenting, divorce, men’s issues, career goals, and intergenerational trauma. Currently, I offer two therapy groups: a group for New Moms (babies welcome!) and a Men's Processing Group.
I am passionate about helping others enhance connections in their lives and live more authentically. I support clients experiencing anxiety, depression, and trauma by utilizing deep listening, collaboration, mindfulness, vulnerability, and building trust. I offer support around pregnancy, miscarriage, postpartum issues, parenting, divorce, men’s issues, career goals, and intergenerational trauma. Currently, I offer two therapy groups: a group for New Moms (babies welcome!) and a Men's Processing Group.
(512) 831-4867 View (512) 831-4867
Photo of Ann K. McIntosh, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Ann K. McIntosh, MA, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78734  (Online Only)
Most of life's difficulties we humans experience can be made better by doing something different. What needs to be different is at the center of therapy. Learning how to give up old behaviors in favor of new, more healthy actions, goes hand in hand with operating differently. Often when we attempt to live differently, negative emotions will kick in that cause us to cling to the old ways. Having someone understand you and these emotions will enhance and smooth out the process of evolving into the person you want to be.
Most of life's difficulties we humans experience can be made better by doing something different. What needs to be different is at the center of therapy. Learning how to give up old behaviors in favor of new, more healthy actions, goes hand in hand with operating differently. Often when we attempt to live differently, negative emotions will kick in that cause us to cling to the old ways. Having someone understand you and these emotions will enhance and smooth out the process of evolving into the person you want to be.
(737) 204-7297 View (737) 204-7297
Photo of Healthy Mind Counseling PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Healthy Mind Counseling PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 73301
Life is simultaneously amazingly beautiful and painfully terrifying. How we cope with these terrifying and difficult moments can impact how we see and enjoy the beautiful moments life has to offer. When we are faced with these difficult moments, sometimes, we turn to unhealthy ways of coping, further blocking our ability to grow. I want to help you take back the control that these challenges have taken away from you, so you can lead a more satisfying life. You have the power within to overcome these difficulties and my goal is to help you tap into your inner strength and resources.
Life is simultaneously amazingly beautiful and painfully terrifying. How we cope with these terrifying and difficult moments can impact how we see and enjoy the beautiful moments life has to offer. When we are faced with these difficult moments, sometimes, we turn to unhealthy ways of coping, further blocking our ability to grow. I want to help you take back the control that these challenges have taken away from you, so you can lead a more satisfying life. You have the power within to overcome these difficulties and my goal is to help you tap into your inner strength and resources.
(956) 948-3817 View (956) 948-3817
Photo of Bianca Asteris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Bianca Asteris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78702  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel that you do not deserve to be where you are at? What gives me the right to be here, even though you have many accomplishments or proof that you ‘deserve’ to be where you are? Or maybe have the feeling that you are ‘faking it?’ When in reality none of these statements appear to be true. Were there events in your life that seem to have changed your entire outlook of who you are and what you are about? Do you feel sadness, grief, anger or worry that inhibits your happiness?
Do you ever feel that you do not deserve to be where you are at? What gives me the right to be here, even though you have many accomplishments or proof that you ‘deserve’ to be where you are? Or maybe have the feeling that you are ‘faking it?’ When in reality none of these statements appear to be true. Were there events in your life that seem to have changed your entire outlook of who you are and what you are about? Do you feel sadness, grief, anger or worry that inhibits your happiness?
(832) 583-2254 View (832) 583-2254
Photo of Jan Marquart LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jan Marquart LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I began private practice in 1986 but have counseled troubled families since 1979. My clients include struggling college students, couples in conflict, families in disarray, substance abusers, employers worried about an employee, seniors who lost a spouse or adjusting to aging, daughters in conflicts with their mothers, women in violent relationships. I use writing for wellness. I have created a 6-week intensive writing course to guide clients through PTSD and other stressors. I have taught this course online around the world and in sessions. Go to: Amazon.com for all my books.
I began private practice in 1986 but have counseled troubled families since 1979. My clients include struggling college students, couples in conflict, families in disarray, substance abusers, employers worried about an employee, seniors who lost a spouse or adjusting to aging, daughters in conflicts with their mothers, women in violent relationships. I use writing for wellness. I have created a 6-week intensive writing course to guide clients through PTSD and other stressors. I have taught this course online around the world and in sessions. Go to: Amazon.com for all my books.
(512) 942-2390 View (512) 942-2390
Photo of Dominguez Psychiatry and Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Dominguez Psychiatry and Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73301
You may be experiencing worry, fear, anxiety, depression, or a variety of other emotions. Good news, those emotions can be managed, I believe there are two experts in the room: You are the expert of your life and I am the clinical expert. I have had the privilege of working with adults, couples, and adolescents. I use a variety of techniques and theories to guide my work with you depending on what fits your needs. I specialize in CBT and DBT methods. As humans, we not only want to feel understood, but we want to understand ourselves & why we do the things we do.
You may be experiencing worry, fear, anxiety, depression, or a variety of other emotions. Good news, those emotions can be managed, I believe there are two experts in the room: You are the expert of your life and I am the clinical expert. I have had the privilege of working with adults, couples, and adolescents. I use a variety of techniques and theories to guide my work with you depending on what fits your needs. I specialize in CBT and DBT methods. As humans, we not only want to feel understood, but we want to understand ourselves & why we do the things we do.
(512) 817-0214 View (512) 817-0214
Photo of Sam Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Sam Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78748  (Online Only)
Throughout my work, it has become clear that the mind is amazing at convincing us of our worst fears and we can often turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms that may heighten already negative feelings. These experiences can be intense and opening up can bring its own set of challenges. It has been a real privilege to support people in navigating their emotional experiences relating to anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, and trauma. I take a mindful approach to my practice and place significant emphasis on the relationship we build.
Throughout my work, it has become clear that the mind is amazing at convincing us of our worst fears and we can often turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms that may heighten already negative feelings. These experiences can be intense and opening up can bring its own set of challenges. It has been a real privilege to support people in navigating their emotional experiences relating to anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, and trauma. I take a mindful approach to my practice and place significant emphasis on the relationship we build.
(512) 675-1375 View (512) 675-1375

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.