Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Comprehensive Professional Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, LAPSW, LCPT, DBCTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have over twenty-five years in the mental health profession. I have worked in a variety of positions providing alcohol and drug counseling, marital and family therapy, individual therapy for children, adolescents and adults. I have been employed with some of the major mental health centers in Memphis and Shelby County such as Northeast Community Mental Health Center, Midtown Mental Health Center and Southwest Mental Health Center. I specialize in working with marital issues, relationships issues, children and adolescents disorders, Trauma issues, occupational problems, and other major life issues.
I have over twenty-five years in the mental health profession. I have worked in a variety of positions providing alcohol and drug counseling, marital and family therapy, individual therapy for children, adolescents and adults. I have been employed with some of the major mental health centers in Memphis and Shelby County such as Northeast Community Mental Health Center, Midtown Mental Health Center and Southwest Mental Health Center. I specialize in working with marital issues, relationships issues, children and adolescents disorders, Trauma issues, occupational problems, and other major life issues.
(901) 403-6750 View (901) 403-6750
Photo of Latrice A. Mcclorn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Latrice A. Mcclorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38138  (Online Only)
Life is full of transitions. Experiencing growth and difficult times can be incredibly heavy and isolating. Imagine what life would look life if you prioritized your mental health. I specialize in different areas including: depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, relationship conflicts, career transitions, substance abuse, and more.
Life is full of transitions. Experiencing growth and difficult times can be incredibly heavy and isolating. Imagine what life would look life if you prioritized your mental health. I specialize in different areas including: depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, relationship conflicts, career transitions, substance abuse, and more.
(901) 446-3777 View (901) 446-3777
Photo of Elizabeth Bridget Windley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Elizabeth Bridget Windley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38135  (Online Only)
Each of us is an individual with many thoughts, feelings and responses. You don't always know where your emotions come from or what to do with them. Sometimes thinking "I don't need to deal with this" emotion or situation it'll all just go away. Yes, you may be able to ignore those thoughts and emotions for a period of time but then all of a sudden you are ready to explode with emotions hurt, sadness, frustration, guilt, shame, anger. Being able to reach out even though may be uncomfortable talking to sort out your thoughts & feelings can help to provide you with skills to develop a happier more desirable life.
Each of us is an individual with many thoughts, feelings and responses. You don't always know where your emotions come from or what to do with them. Sometimes thinking "I don't need to deal with this" emotion or situation it'll all just go away. Yes, you may be able to ignore those thoughts and emotions for a period of time but then all of a sudden you are ready to explode with emotions hurt, sadness, frustration, guilt, shame, anger. Being able to reach out even though may be uncomfortable talking to sort out your thoughts & feelings can help to provide you with skills to develop a happier more desirable life.
(901) 582-8727 View (901) 582-8727
Photo of Dr. P. Tracy Crudup, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Dr. P. Tracy Crudup
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
Relationships and chronic health issues are unique areas that we attach deep emotions to. The emotion allows us to label our level of satisfaction. Its hard to be happy when you just had the same conversation with your mate again without resolution. Its hard to have hope when you are struggling to find the strength for another fertility treatment. Increased fatigue, depression and anxiety begin to take over. They impact your self esteem, increase guilt and resentment and make every day a battle. If relationships, life transitions or chronic health issues are hindering you then I can help you establish control of your life again.
Relationships and chronic health issues are unique areas that we attach deep emotions to. The emotion allows us to label our level of satisfaction. Its hard to be happy when you just had the same conversation with your mate again without resolution. Its hard to have hope when you are struggling to find the strength for another fertility treatment. Increased fatigue, depression and anxiety begin to take over. They impact your self esteem, increase guilt and resentment and make every day a battle. If relationships, life transitions or chronic health issues are hindering you then I can help you establish control of your life again.
(901) 466-8773 View (901) 466-8773
Photo of Chasity Deal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Chasity Deal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38109  (Online Only)
Chasity is a Licensed Psychotherapist. She is licensed in Mississippi, Tennessee, and Washington D.C. Chasity’s therapy style is warm, open, non-judgmental, and collaborative. She fosters self-determination and resiliency in her clients to create self-confidence, accountability, and growth. She also engages in a psycho-educational approach to therapy, providing information and awareness to the client about their triggers, patterns, or behaviors that create stronger outcomes towards goal setting and achieving goals.
Chasity is a Licensed Psychotherapist. She is licensed in Mississippi, Tennessee, and Washington D.C. Chasity’s therapy style is warm, open, non-judgmental, and collaborative. She fosters self-determination and resiliency in her clients to create self-confidence, accountability, and growth. She also engages in a psycho-educational approach to therapy, providing information and awareness to the client about their triggers, patterns, or behaviors that create stronger outcomes towards goal setting and achieving goals.
(202) 972-4839 View (202) 972-4839
Photo of Jessica Peeler, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Jessica Peeler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCtemp
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Through a client-centered approach and an integration of the mind-body connection, I have a desire to work with those facing trauma, attachment issues, family of origin issues, anxiety, depression, codependency, and grief. When we're able to tell the truth that life is hard and ask for help, we begin to taste freedom from the bondage of life’s pains. Thank you to all my past, present, and future clients. The hard work of telling the truth and asking for help can be so very hard and you are all some of the most courageous people I know.
Through a client-centered approach and an integration of the mind-body connection, I have a desire to work with those facing trauma, attachment issues, family of origin issues, anxiety, depression, codependency, and grief. When we're able to tell the truth that life is hard and ask for help, we begin to taste freedom from the bondage of life’s pains. Thank you to all my past, present, and future clients. The hard work of telling the truth and asking for help can be so very hard and you are all some of the most courageous people I know.
(901) 554-4852 x4 View (901) 554-4852 x4
Photo of Genevieve Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Genevieve Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Do you need help in areas of your life? Are you unsure of what your next steps are? Did trauma affect you so bad you don't know where to turn? Did LIFE happen and make you rethink everything? I am here to help...
Do you need help in areas of your life? Are you unsure of what your next steps are? Did trauma affect you so bad you don't know where to turn? Did LIFE happen and make you rethink everything? I am here to help...
(901) 245-5845 View (901) 245-5845
Photo of Charles Boyd Lindsey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Charles Boyd Lindsey
Pre-Licensed Professional, DMin, MDiv, MRE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38118  (Online Only)
Sometimes life can throw us a major curve; sometimes a lot of smaller curve balls can hit us all at once. Sometimes the faith of our childhood is no longer serving us well, and causing us more conflict and trauma than comfort. Sometimes painful memories can resurface and dominate our lives. Many times we feel we’re experiencing these things alone, when, in fact, most of us go through them. Sometimes it’s helpful to have someone to talk with and help us gain needed perspective. I specialize in helping folks integrate these and other issues into a more coherent, whole outlook.
Sometimes life can throw us a major curve; sometimes a lot of smaller curve balls can hit us all at once. Sometimes the faith of our childhood is no longer serving us well, and causing us more conflict and trauma than comfort. Sometimes painful memories can resurface and dominate our lives. Many times we feel we’re experiencing these things alone, when, in fact, most of us go through them. Sometimes it’s helpful to have someone to talk with and help us gain needed perspective. I specialize in helping folks integrate these and other issues into a more coherent, whole outlook.
(901) 621-3289 View (901) 621-3289
Photo of The Briggs Institute, Inc. in Memphis, TN
The Briggs Institute, Inc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38138
“How can I make things better?” Whether you’re managing mental health issues like anxiety or depression or existing in a dissatisfying relationship, you’ve probably asked yourself many versions of this question. If you’re willing to work hard and are open to making changes, know that you have every reason to believe you can enjoy a healthier and happier life. Our purpose is to help our clients know what changes they may need to make in order to reach their goals. We are eager to serve and look forward to working with you.
“How can I make things better?” Whether you’re managing mental health issues like anxiety or depression or existing in a dissatisfying relationship, you’ve probably asked yourself many versions of this question. If you’re willing to work hard and are open to making changes, know that you have every reason to believe you can enjoy a healthier and happier life. Our purpose is to help our clients know what changes they may need to make in order to reach their goals. We are eager to serve and look forward to working with you.
(615) 593-3999 View (615) 593-3999
Photo of Sarah Berger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Sarah Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38125  (Online Only)
I have worked with people of all ages ranging from children to the elderly, with more focus devoted to those in their late teen s - mid - life stages . I specialize in working with anxiety, anger management, ADHD, stress management, improving relationships and communication, navigating life transitions, and parenting challenges. I have considerable experience supporting LGBTQIA individuals and helping them to navigate the challenges they may encounter with family, friends, or community. I also have worked extensively with parents on navigating challenging childhood behaviors and teenage puberty.
I have worked with people of all ages ranging from children to the elderly, with more focus devoted to those in their late teen s - mid - life stages . I specialize in working with anxiety, anger management, ADHD, stress management, improving relationships and communication, navigating life transitions, and parenting challenges. I have considerable experience supporting LGBTQIA individuals and helping them to navigate the challenges they may encounter with family, friends, or community. I also have worked extensively with parents on navigating challenging childhood behaviors and teenage puberty.
(901) 910-0702 View (901) 910-0702
Photo of Jill Hampton, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Jill Hampton, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38133
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I'm Jill. I received my masters in counseling from the University of Memphis in 2009. I have been practicing since that time. I am experienced with anxiety, depression, trauma work and eating disorders. I am trained in EMDR and very experienced with the treatment of eating disorders, as I have worked at various levels of care. Please note my doodle Maisie is being trained and will join us as an emotional support pup in the office once she is ready. Thus for your safety, NO dog allergies.
Hi! I'm Jill. I received my masters in counseling from the University of Memphis in 2009. I have been practicing since that time. I am experienced with anxiety, depression, trauma work and eating disorders. I am trained in EMDR and very experienced with the treatment of eating disorders, as I have worked at various levels of care. Please note my doodle Maisie is being trained and will join us as an emotional support pup in the office once she is ready. Thus for your safety, NO dog allergies.
(901) 881-4899 View (901) 881-4899
Photo of Ashlei Bowman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Ashlei Bowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38115  (Online Only)
Are you tired of being so tired all of the time? I hear you! When you’re used to being the go-to person for so many in your life, you might find yourself wondering, “Who can I go to?” Inside you may feel lonely even though you have family and friends around you all the time. Telling them how you feel? Not an option. They wouldn’t understand or would only use it against you later. Things that have happened in your past might keep popping up, and you can’t understand why you are not over them yet. The feelings feel like too much and you don’t have time for a breakdown.
Are you tired of being so tired all of the time? I hear you! When you’re used to being the go-to person for so many in your life, you might find yourself wondering, “Who can I go to?” Inside you may feel lonely even though you have family and friends around you all the time. Telling them how you feel? Not an option. They wouldn’t understand or would only use it against you later. Things that have happened in your past might keep popping up, and you can’t understand why you are not over them yet. The feelings feel like too much and you don’t have time for a breakdown.
(629) 280-2528 View (629) 280-2528
Photo of Valerie Shaw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Valerie Shaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of experience. I strive to create a warm and non-judgmental environment for all clients with consideration to each individual’s cultural background, belief system, gender and sexual orientation. I utilize various, evidenced-based models that best fit the preferences and personal goals of the person seeking treatment. I practice from a strengths based and mindfulness centered approach.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of experience. I strive to create a warm and non-judgmental environment for all clients with consideration to each individual’s cultural background, belief system, gender and sexual orientation. I utilize various, evidenced-based models that best fit the preferences and personal goals of the person seeking treatment. I practice from a strengths based and mindfulness centered approach.
(901) 554-4043 View (901) 554-4043
Photo of Kristy Vassar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Kristy Vassar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
Waitlist for new clients
Kristy is a licensed clinical social worker with over ten years of experience. She has experience in helping clients with histories of ADHD, disordered eating, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, relationships, and more. Kristy’s counseling approach is focused on building the therapeutic relationship.
Kristy is a licensed clinical social worker with over ten years of experience. She has experience in helping clients with histories of ADHD, disordered eating, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, relationships, and more. Kristy’s counseling approach is focused on building the therapeutic relationship.
(901) 557-3894 View (901) 557-3894
Photo of Shara Danziger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Shara Danziger
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC (T), PLPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38120
I work with couples, families and adolescents. What they all have in common is a feeling of why is this happening to me? What do I do now? Is everyone doing better than I am? Is everyone managing so much easier than we are? Why is my marriage so difficult? Is parenting this hard for everyone? I know that life can be complicated, and it does not come with a manual. My goal is to work with clients to face and navigate their life so that they can gain perspective and grow. My love is working with clients so they can move through this world in such a way that they can be strong mentally and in healthy families and relationships.
I work with couples, families and adolescents. What they all have in common is a feeling of why is this happening to me? What do I do now? Is everyone doing better than I am? Is everyone managing so much easier than we are? Why is my marriage so difficult? Is parenting this hard for everyone? I know that life can be complicated, and it does not come with a manual. My goal is to work with clients to face and navigate their life so that they can gain perspective and grow. My love is working with clients so they can move through this world in such a way that they can be strong mentally and in healthy families and relationships.
(901) 582-6324 View (901) 582-6324
Photo of Dr. Madison Akridge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Dr. Madison Akridge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DTh, LCSW, BCC, CIHC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life is multi-faceted and so are the challenges we encounter along our journey. My clients come from all walks of life, but have one thing in common- they are ready to learn and make positive changes to begin thriving again. My approach is eclectic and psychospiritual in nature. Getting InTune with your true, higher self is the ultimate goal, regardless of the phase of life you're currently experiencing. My offerings include Psychotherapy/Counseling and Life Coaching, as well as life coach training for aspiring life coaches. I am an author and co-creator of the Essential Soul Care (R) Project- www.essentialsoul.care
Life is multi-faceted and so are the challenges we encounter along our journey. My clients come from all walks of life, but have one thing in common- they are ready to learn and make positive changes to begin thriving again. My approach is eclectic and psychospiritual in nature. Getting InTune with your true, higher self is the ultimate goal, regardless of the phase of life you're currently experiencing. My offerings include Psychotherapy/Counseling and Life Coaching, as well as life coach training for aspiring life coaches. I am an author and co-creator of the Essential Soul Care (R) Project- www.essentialsoul.care
(901) 531-9289 View (901) 531-9289
Photo of Shemika Hullom, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Shemika Hullom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38103  (Online Only)
You're hanging on by a thread. You just can't seem to shake this hustle and bustle mindset, and the truth is that you're stretching yourself too thin yet again. Unfortunately, others still expect you to give 100% as usual, but you're mentally exhausted and physically drained. There's an optimistic desire to keep moving forward, but you're stuck in place- full of frustration, anger, and burnout. The worst part is that every time you feel like you are making headway anxiety and depression rear their ugly heads. You have tried all you can think of to find balance and peace, but it hasn't worked. You need help- now.
You're hanging on by a thread. You just can't seem to shake this hustle and bustle mindset, and the truth is that you're stretching yourself too thin yet again. Unfortunately, others still expect you to give 100% as usual, but you're mentally exhausted and physically drained. There's an optimistic desire to keep moving forward, but you're stuck in place- full of frustration, anger, and burnout. The worst part is that every time you feel like you are making headway anxiety and depression rear their ugly heads. You have tried all you can think of to find balance and peace, but it hasn't worked. You need help- now.
(901) 668-8739 View (901) 668-8739
Photo of Molly K. Fleming, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Molly K. Fleming
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, YT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
There is no substitute for compassion in the counseling relationship. I believe in a whole-person approach. This means that everything is relevant: family of origin, unwanted life events, current relationships, physical health and well being, and everyday coping challenges. I assist my clients with life transitions, grief, early childhood trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, chronic pain, relationship challenges, and spiritual issues. I endorse and have expertise in mindfulness-based practices and 12+ years of Hospice experience. Strengths: trusting relationships with my clients.
There is no substitute for compassion in the counseling relationship. I believe in a whole-person approach. This means that everything is relevant: family of origin, unwanted life events, current relationships, physical health and well being, and everyday coping challenges. I assist my clients with life transitions, grief, early childhood trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, chronic pain, relationship challenges, and spiritual issues. I endorse and have expertise in mindfulness-based practices and 12+ years of Hospice experience. Strengths: trusting relationships with my clients.
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Photo of Paul M Dunaway, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Paul M Dunaway
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, CCMHC, CRC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
Change can be a difficult thing to accomplish on your own when the methods you have tried in the past have been unsuccessful. Sometimes it requires someone asking the hard questions that you have avoided or the questions you didn't know to ask yourself. If you are looking to make positive changes in your life then it may be time to enlist the help of a licensed counselor.
Change can be a difficult thing to accomplish on your own when the methods you have tried in the past have been unsuccessful. Sometimes it requires someone asking the hard questions that you have avoided or the questions you didn't know to ask yourself. If you are looking to make positive changes in your life then it may be time to enlist the help of a licensed counselor.
(901) 446-2914 View (901) 446-2914
Photo of Brian Kjelvik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Brian Kjelvik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Brian Kjelvik is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in the state of Tennessee with over 6 years of experience assisting clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, divorce, loss, and emotional abuse. Brian earned his Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. His approach combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, and mindfulness.
Brian Kjelvik is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in the state of Tennessee with over 6 years of experience assisting clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, divorce, loss, and emotional abuse. Brian earned his Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. His approach combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, and mindfulness.
(901) 621-8422 View (901) 621-8422

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.