Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of James Robinson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychotherapist and dedicated psychoanalytic trainee with a focus on exploring the intersections of psychoanalysis, race, and sexuality. As a Black male clinician, I bring a fresh perspective and a deep curiosity to my work, guided by a passion for understanding the complexities of human identity. Through my academic pursuits, I seek to deepen my understanding of the unconscious processes that underlie racial dynamics and interpersonal relationships.
I am a licensed psychotherapist and dedicated psychoanalytic trainee with a focus on exploring the intersections of psychoanalysis, race, and sexuality. As a Black male clinician, I bring a fresh perspective and a deep curiosity to my work, guided by a passion for understanding the complexities of human identity. Through my academic pursuits, I seek to deepen my understanding of the unconscious processes that underlie racial dynamics and interpersonal relationships.
(929) 298-9791 View (929) 298-9791
Photo of Charlotte Forrest, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charlotte Forrest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10002
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to my Psychology Today site. I am an LCSW Therapist with 20 years of experience working with adults who struggle with traumatic experiences, loss and life transitions. In our sessions, we will engage in an open process where you can safely explore your feelings and uncomfortable emotions. I will help you to identify barriers getting in the way of your healing. We will work together to reduce negative symptoms so that you can function better and begin to engage fully in your best life.
Welcome to my Psychology Today site. I am an LCSW Therapist with 20 years of experience working with adults who struggle with traumatic experiences, loss and life transitions. In our sessions, we will engage in an open process where you can safely explore your feelings and uncomfortable emotions. I will help you to identify barriers getting in the way of your healing. We will work together to reduce negative symptoms so that you can function better and begin to engage fully in your best life.
(917) 877-0410 View (917) 877-0410
Photo of Xiaoxi Elsie Lin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Xiaoxi Elsie Lin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Elsie received her Master's in Social Work from New York University's Silver School of Social Work. She has years of experience working with individuals struggling with OCD, anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, as well as different phobias. Elsie holds certifications in Exposure and Response Prevention (EX/RP), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Trauma-Focused CBT.
Elsie received her Master's in Social Work from New York University's Silver School of Social Work. She has years of experience working with individuals struggling with OCD, anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, as well as different phobias. Elsie holds certifications in Exposure and Response Prevention (EX/RP), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Trauma-Focused CBT.
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Photo of Adam Pollock, MA, LP, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Adam Pollock
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA, LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005
We all have things we need to say that no one in our lives can hear. I'm a psychoanalyst. I listen to those things. I've worked successfully with anxiety, depression, low self-confidence and low self-esteem, habitual substance use, maintaining sobriety, physical, emotional, and sexual trauma, anger management problems, grief, relationship issues, family dynamics, creative blocks, shyness, post-traumatic stress, midlife crises, career shifts, questions of gender and sexual identity, and more.
We all have things we need to say that no one in our lives can hear. I'm a psychoanalyst. I listen to those things. I've worked successfully with anxiety, depression, low self-confidence and low self-esteem, habitual substance use, maintaining sobriety, physical, emotional, and sexual trauma, anger management problems, grief, relationship issues, family dynamics, creative blocks, shyness, post-traumatic stress, midlife crises, career shifts, questions of gender and sexual identity, and more.
(347) 429-6875 View (347) 429-6875
Photo of Danielle Hibbard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Hibbard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself struggling to know who you are or what you want out of life? Perhaps you are going through a big life transition that has left you feeling frazzled. Or you’ve experienced something traumatic that changed your worldview. You are not alone. Understanding yourself and how you fit into the world can be an extremely difficult process.
Do you find yourself struggling to know who you are or what you want out of life? Perhaps you are going through a big life transition that has left you feeling frazzled. Or you’ve experienced something traumatic that changed your worldview. You are not alone. Understanding yourself and how you fit into the world can be an extremely difficult process.
(917) 540-0426 View (917) 540-0426
Photo of Clara Angel - Clara Angel, Psychotherapist, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Clara Angel, Psychotherapist
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Having a good life is a conscious exercise of free will directed toward a game that raises the level of comfort, joy and fulfillment. Thoughts, attitudes, behaviors, believes, personality traits..., have a huge impact on our well-being. I draw from modern contemporary approaches to psychotherapy that guide and inspire a transformative experience reorienting self toward sustainable wellness. A mind-body-soul approach that blends science and wisdom of healing traditions. I would consider it an honor to be your guide, witness, and companion of your amazing and unique journey inside yourself!
Having a good life is a conscious exercise of free will directed toward a game that raises the level of comfort, joy and fulfillment. Thoughts, attitudes, behaviors, believes, personality traits..., have a huge impact on our well-being. I draw from modern contemporary approaches to psychotherapy that guide and inspire a transformative experience reorienting self toward sustainable wellness. A mind-body-soul approach that blends science and wisdom of healing traditions. I would consider it an honor to be your guide, witness, and companion of your amazing and unique journey inside yourself!
(646) 553-1980 View (646) 553-1980
Photo of Laurie Skow, LMHC, CSAT, EMDR, Counselor
Laurie Skow
Counselor, LMHC, CSAT, EMDR
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to helping individuals, children and families restore, rebuild and transform their lives for the better. After working in a variety of mental health settings, I can say with confidence that you are not alone in your struggles. It is my goal to create an environment of support, acceptance and to provide a place to regain balance and find hope.
I am dedicated to helping individuals, children and families restore, rebuild and transform their lives for the better. After working in a variety of mental health settings, I can say with confidence that you are not alone in your struggles. It is my goal to create an environment of support, acceptance and to provide a place to regain balance and find hope.
(929) 470-2570 View (929) 470-2570
Photo of Michaela D'Urso, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michaela D'Urso
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
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Photo of Corrada Pasqualina Spatola, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Corrada Pasqualina Spatola
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038
Not accepting new clients
A child of immigrants and a native New Yorker, Corrada earned her BA in Forensic Psychology and her MA in Forensic Mental Health Counseling from CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice. During her college career, she was a member of Psi Chi, the international honor society for psychology, and partook in a research study on gender differences. Her experiences at John Jay inspired many of her areas of interest, including gender roles and multiculturalism. Being unique and different is an integral part of human life, which is why Corrada’s foundation in therapy is not a “one size fits all” approach.
A child of immigrants and a native New Yorker, Corrada earned her BA in Forensic Psychology and her MA in Forensic Mental Health Counseling from CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice. During her college career, she was a member of Psi Chi, the international honor society for psychology, and partook in a research study on gender differences. Her experiences at John Jay inspired many of her areas of interest, including gender roles and multiculturalism. Being unique and different is an integral part of human life, which is why Corrada’s foundation in therapy is not a “one size fits all” approach.
(929) 296-8810 View (929) 296-8810
Photo of Jennifer M Agostino, DSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer M Agostino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I believe in the full potential of every individual. I am a clinical therapist who works with children, adolescents, and adults. My process is to empower each client to be successful and happy. We do this by creating a set of practical tools that you can implement in your own life to tackle challenges or life transitions. Together we discover and unlock the obstacles and negative thought/behavioral patterns blocking you from achieving your goals. I offer a warm, safe, non-judgemental environment where we can transform limiting thoughts or emotions into fuel for positive change and lasting happiness.
I believe in the full potential of every individual. I am a clinical therapist who works with children, adolescents, and adults. My process is to empower each client to be successful and happy. We do this by creating a set of practical tools that you can implement in your own life to tackle challenges or life transitions. Together we discover and unlock the obstacles and negative thought/behavioral patterns blocking you from achieving your goals. I offer a warm, safe, non-judgemental environment where we can transform limiting thoughts or emotions into fuel for positive change and lasting happiness.
(718) 865-3493 View (718) 865-3493
Photo of James Colter - Therapeutic Experience , MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therapeutic Experience
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Waitlist for new clients
James L. Colter's therapy focuses on the immediate need of the client. He understands that clients need to feel trust and safety before they share some of their most pressing feelings and emotions. His goal is to develop a client-therapist relationship that will provide safety, confidentiality, and support. This allows the client to feel validated and understood as he explores their feelings and emotions. Additionally, he takes special care in personal awareness to provide clients with a safe environment that is free from judgement or bias no matter what cultural or status scenarios present themselves.
James L. Colter's therapy focuses on the immediate need of the client. He understands that clients need to feel trust and safety before they share some of their most pressing feelings and emotions. His goal is to develop a client-therapist relationship that will provide safety, confidentiality, and support. This allows the client to feel validated and understood as he explores their feelings and emotions. Additionally, he takes special care in personal awareness to provide clients with a safe environment that is free from judgement or bias no matter what cultural or status scenarios present themselves.
(917) 994-9794 View (917) 994-9794
Photo of Barbara Distler, PsyD, Psychologist
Barbara Distler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
I have over 20 years of experience helping clients navigate difficult times, get clarity, build confidence, and move their lives forward. I am down-to-earth and have a direct, compassionate, and collaborative style. I have much experience with diverse populations and understand the importance of considering gender, sexuality, lifestyle, culture, and spirituality. I work with "the whole person", not just the part that is struggling. My style is eclectic and integrated, including cognitive behavioral therapy and insight-oriented, and utilizing what is best for you and your concerns. My approach is strength-based, active, and supportive. My clients report feeling respected, valued, and comfortable.
I have over 20 years of experience helping clients navigate difficult times, get clarity, build confidence, and move their lives forward. I am down-to-earth and have a direct, compassionate, and collaborative style. I have much experience with diverse populations and understand the importance of considering gender, sexuality, lifestyle, culture, and spirituality. I work with "the whole person", not just the part that is struggling. My style is eclectic and integrated, including cognitive behavioral therapy and insight-oriented, and utilizing what is best for you and your concerns. My approach is strength-based, active, and supportive. My clients report feeling respected, valued, and comfortable.
(646) 392-7287 View (646) 392-7287
Photo of Holly Fu, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Fu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
Life is like a journey; we only live once, and hope you can enjoy it while being here. However, sometimes, you might find it difficult to find purpose, joy, passion or be your true self. If you feel lost or experience anxiety, or loneliness, I am here to support you to get through the tough times. As a therapist, my approach is warm, supportive and non-judgmental. I believe everyone is whole and complete, and you have all the answers within you. I will focus on providing a safe space for you to explore who you are, helping you better understand/accept yourself and figureing out what you would like to do with your precious life
Life is like a journey; we only live once, and hope you can enjoy it while being here. However, sometimes, you might find it difficult to find purpose, joy, passion or be your true self. If you feel lost or experience anxiety, or loneliness, I am here to support you to get through the tough times. As a therapist, my approach is warm, supportive and non-judgmental. I believe everyone is whole and complete, and you have all the answers within you. I will focus on providing a safe space for you to explore who you are, helping you better understand/accept yourself and figureing out what you would like to do with your precious life
(646) 798-4430 View (646) 798-4430
Photo of Gita Sawhney, LMHC
Gita Sawhney
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10069
I am a licensed mental health counselor with expertise in addressing trauma, depression, OCD, anxiety-related disorders, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and the complexities of spirituality and religion. I offer both virtual and in-person therapy for my clients. My work as a therapist is a source of constant inspiration and passion.
I am a licensed mental health counselor with expertise in addressing trauma, depression, OCD, anxiety-related disorders, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and the complexities of spirituality and religion. I offer both virtual and in-person therapy for my clients. My work as a therapist is a source of constant inspiration and passion.
(646) 825-6479 View (646) 825-6479
Photo of Ron Murphy, PhD, Psychologist
Ron Murphy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
I really enjoy working with people who want to be helped with painful feelings and experiences that have interfered with their sense of well being. All of us are limited by upsettingly negative emotions that make it harder to accomplish things that would make our lives richer, more comfortable and secure. I base my work on the principles of Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy. This approach has been shown to be very successful helping anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, phobias and many other individual and relationship issues. Like most experienced therapists, I also integrate ideas from other approaches whenever appropriate.
I really enjoy working with people who want to be helped with painful feelings and experiences that have interfered with their sense of well being. All of us are limited by upsettingly negative emotions that make it harder to accomplish things that would make our lives richer, more comfortable and secure. I base my work on the principles of Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy. This approach has been shown to be very successful helping anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, phobias and many other individual and relationship issues. Like most experienced therapists, I also integrate ideas from other approaches whenever appropriate.
(212) 288-4660 View (212) 288-4660
Michelle Perez
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10004  (Online Only)
Caring for ourselves can be hard to do amid responsibilities, societal pressures, or internal/ unresolved emotions. Seeking therapy involves a desire to help yourself, and I would love to assist you in your journey. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, drawing from humanistic, CBT, psychodynamic, and existential approaches. I believe our emotional health is just as important as our physical, and they go hand in hand. Through a collaborative approach, I believe we can work through everyday challenges/ stressors as well as process any events from the past that may be interfering with the present.
Caring for ourselves can be hard to do amid responsibilities, societal pressures, or internal/ unresolved emotions. Seeking therapy involves a desire to help yourself, and I would love to assist you in your journey. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, drawing from humanistic, CBT, psychodynamic, and existential approaches. I believe our emotional health is just as important as our physical, and they go hand in hand. Through a collaborative approach, I believe we can work through everyday challenges/ stressors as well as process any events from the past that may be interfering with the present.
(646) 845-7735 View (646) 845-7735
Photo of Erica Paragallo, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica Paragallo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
It's easy for you to sense other people's feelings, but sometimes you feel misunderstood. You may overthink things, or you may be so intuitive that you can't tune out the noise of daily life. The gift of being highly sensitive can also come with internal struggles that may be hard for others to understand. My knowledge of trauma-informed care and behavioral health, coupled with my creative background in yoga and art therapy, allows me to provide support expert to highly sensitive people.
It's easy for you to sense other people's feelings, but sometimes you feel misunderstood. You may overthink things, or you may be so intuitive that you can't tune out the noise of daily life. The gift of being highly sensitive can also come with internal struggles that may be hard for others to understand. My knowledge of trauma-informed care and behavioral health, coupled with my creative background in yoga and art therapy, allows me to provide support expert to highly sensitive people.
(332) 239-2911 View (332) 239-2911
Photo of Alivia Hall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alivia Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
Taking the plunge into therapy can be an intimidating, yet incredibly worthwhile investment towards becoming the most fulfilled and authentic version of yourself. I am a Columbia University trained psychotherapist based in NYC who specializes in working with adults in their 20s and 30s who are navigating through life transitions and experiencing anxiety, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, depression, complex trauma and other mental health challenges. Using a collaborative process, I work to empower my clients to identify and make meaningful shifts that they want in their lives.
Taking the plunge into therapy can be an intimidating, yet incredibly worthwhile investment towards becoming the most fulfilled and authentic version of yourself. I am a Columbia University trained psychotherapist based in NYC who specializes in working with adults in their 20s and 30s who are navigating through life transitions and experiencing anxiety, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, depression, complex trauma and other mental health challenges. Using a collaborative process, I work to empower my clients to identify and make meaningful shifts that they want in their lives.
(347) 970-2788 View (347) 970-2788
Photo of Celina Chelala, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Celina Chelala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
Trauma can perpetuate loneliness and prevent you from connecting with yourself and others. I help clients work on increasing self-esteem by building self-compassion and self-acceptance. I also use the therapeutic relationship as a way to experience positive connection. This relational work is often a starting point to a sense of well-being and belonging outside of the therapy room. As a facilitator and companion in this process, I will support you on your path towards healing and creating a life that honors and reflects your truest self. Being in a safe, compassionate space can facilitate this process.
Trauma can perpetuate loneliness and prevent you from connecting with yourself and others. I help clients work on increasing self-esteem by building self-compassion and self-acceptance. I also use the therapeutic relationship as a way to experience positive connection. This relational work is often a starting point to a sense of well-being and belonging outside of the therapy room. As a facilitator and companion in this process, I will support you on your path towards healing and creating a life that honors and reflects your truest self. Being in a safe, compassionate space can facilitate this process.
(332) 248-0511 View (332) 248-0511
Photo of Ron Aviram, PhD, Psychologist
Ron Aviram
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
I'm a clinical psychologist with almost 30 years experience. I work with adults in individual and couple/marital therapy. Psychotherapy is an interactive process. Together we'll address current problems and examine the underlying causes. You'll probably feel better relatively quickly, but change takes time, and its best to give yourself a chance to make lasting changes. My style is interactive and exploratory. website: ronaviram.com
I'm a clinical psychologist with almost 30 years experience. I work with adults in individual and couple/marital therapy. Psychotherapy is an interactive process. Together we'll address current problems and examine the underlying causes. You'll probably feel better relatively quickly, but change takes time, and its best to give yourself a chance to make lasting changes. My style is interactive and exploratory. website: ronaviram.com
(646) 755-7633 View (646) 755-7633

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.