Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

Photo of Marian C Eberly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Marian C Eberly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85029
Marian C.Eberly LCSW,RN: Dually licensed, Providing a unique blend of compassionate, highly experienced, mental and behavioral health care with 30 years of inpt/outpt treatment center Leadership.Competencies include: treating children, adolescents, families, marriage, adults: integrating the psychological, medical & spiritual needs of a person; with the unique knowledge of understanding the pharmacology, nutrition and medical conditions co-occurring with mental disorders. Exper inDiagnosing mental disorders such as Autism L-1/ (Formerly known as Asbergers) Anxiety/Depressive Disorders & Marriage Counseling and Adolescent Therapy.
Marian C.Eberly LCSW,RN: Dually licensed, Providing a unique blend of compassionate, highly experienced, mental and behavioral health care with 30 years of inpt/outpt treatment center Leadership.Competencies include: treating children, adolescents, families, marriage, adults: integrating the psychological, medical & spiritual needs of a person; with the unique knowledge of understanding the pharmacology, nutrition and medical conditions co-occurring with mental disorders. Exper inDiagnosing mental disorders such as Autism L-1/ (Formerly known as Asbergers) Anxiety/Depressive Disorders & Marriage Counseling and Adolescent Therapy.
(623) 321-2080 View (623) 321-2080
Photo of Mia Evans, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mia Evans
Counselor, MS, LAC, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85022
I am a licensed associate counselor with five years of experience in community mental health and private practice working with at-risk youth, families, and individuals. I provide trauma-informed integrative counseling and believe there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to therapy. Many of my clients have experienced one or more traumatic events and struggle to manage the lasting effects on themselves and those around them. I work to come alongside teens, children, individuals, and their families as they navigate life’s many challenges, providing a safe and stable environment for them to share their stories.
I am a licensed associate counselor with five years of experience in community mental health and private practice working with at-risk youth, families, and individuals. I provide trauma-informed integrative counseling and believe there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to therapy. Many of my clients have experienced one or more traumatic events and struggle to manage the lasting effects on themselves and those around them. I work to come alongside teens, children, individuals, and their families as they navigate life’s many challenges, providing a safe and stable environment for them to share their stories.
(623) 292-2586 View (623) 292-2586
Photo of Stephanie Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Stephanie Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85045
Hi, I am Stephanie, in my nearly 15 years of social work, I have worked with children, teens, young adults, and older individuals. I offer support to individuals going through life changes and challenges - whether it's starting at a new school, exploring a new career path, becoming a parent, adjusting to retirement, or any other curveball that life may throw. It can be helpful to tackle those life challenges when our inner voice is supportive and kind. My aim is to help clients speak to themselves with kindness and compassion, as well as to expand flexible thinking and use coping skills. I am a friendly, and good humored therapist.
Hi, I am Stephanie, in my nearly 15 years of social work, I have worked with children, teens, young adults, and older individuals. I offer support to individuals going through life changes and challenges - whether it's starting at a new school, exploring a new career path, becoming a parent, adjusting to retirement, or any other curveball that life may throw. It can be helpful to tackle those life challenges when our inner voice is supportive and kind. My aim is to help clients speak to themselves with kindness and compassion, as well as to expand flexible thinking and use coping skills. I am a friendly, and good humored therapist.
(520) 438-6143 View (520) 438-6143
Photo of Precious Chapman, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Precious Chapman
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
(480) 690-8941 View (480) 690-8941
Photo of Paul Ryan Burton, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Paul Ryan Burton
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Tired of carrying around your anxiety and depression every day? Does it feel like you’re wearing a full backpack all the time? Do work and relationships add to your life or just use up your energy? If you’re tired of life feeling heavy, I can help you with that. There is a reason for the way you feel, and we will uncover and resolve that reason. Gaining new information that allows manageable change in our lives lightens our daily burden and improves relationships, work, and life. Are you ready to take off that backpack and live less seriously and more freely? If so, I hope you'll email me.
Tired of carrying around your anxiety and depression every day? Does it feel like you’re wearing a full backpack all the time? Do work and relationships add to your life or just use up your energy? If you’re tired of life feeling heavy, I can help you with that. There is a reason for the way you feel, and we will uncover and resolve that reason. Gaining new information that allows manageable change in our lives lightens our daily burden and improves relationships, work, and life. Are you ready to take off that backpack and live less seriously and more freely? If so, I hope you'll email me.
(480) 729-5975 View (480) 729-5975
Photo of Clare Battle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Clare Battle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85006  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck or lost much of the time, but also have an innate ability to recognize that you want and deserve more out of life, out of your relationships, perhaps more out of yourself? Do you want to participate in a deep dive of possible unconscious material that may be holding you back? Being able to open up about these vulnerabilities is challenging and involves deep exploration into the psyche. My intention is to create a safe, accepting container so you are able to explore all parts of yourself, welcome them and integrate them into your life.
Do you feel stuck or lost much of the time, but also have an innate ability to recognize that you want and deserve more out of life, out of your relationships, perhaps more out of yourself? Do you want to participate in a deep dive of possible unconscious material that may be holding you back? Being able to open up about these vulnerabilities is challenging and involves deep exploration into the psyche. My intention is to create a safe, accepting container so you are able to explore all parts of yourself, welcome them and integrate them into your life.
(480) 618-1784 View (480) 618-1784
Photo of Hygge Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Hygge Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85001  (Online Only)
I utilize a strength based, client-centered approach with components of mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and DBT.
Christine Herzog is the founder of Hygge Counseling Services. She is a licensed professional clinical counselor in AZ, MN and NM. Christine is trained in Perinatal mental health, Child-Parent Psychotherapy, early childhood mental health, and Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality. Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, stressed, angry, or having difficulty identifying your purpose? I provide a safe space for engaging in psychotherapy where individuals feel heard. I focus on meeting the needs of each client with coping skills for regulating mood, gaining awareness of triggers, and pursuing personal growth.
I utilize a strength based, client-centered approach with components of mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and DBT.
Christine Herzog is the founder of Hygge Counseling Services. She is a licensed professional clinical counselor in AZ, MN and NM. Christine is trained in Perinatal mental health, Child-Parent Psychotherapy, early childhood mental health, and Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality. Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, stressed, angry, or having difficulty identifying your purpose? I provide a safe space for engaging in psychotherapy where individuals feel heard. I focus on meeting the needs of each client with coping skills for regulating mood, gaining awareness of triggers, and pursuing personal growth.
(505) 596-3050 View (505) 596-3050
Photo of Andrew Schanen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Andrew Schanen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012
I take a collaborative approach and use a variety of treatment methods including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Motivational Interviewing to assist in overcoming symptoms of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, poor emotion regulation, stress, phase of life issues and relationship issues.
Hi, I've been serving in the mental health field for approximately fifteen years in a variety of settings. I have served in community mental health, inpatient facilities, residential treatment centers, outpatient facilities and through telehealth platforms. I am currently focusing on serving individual clients in-person.
I take a collaborative approach and use a variety of treatment methods including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Motivational Interviewing to assist in overcoming symptoms of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, poor emotion regulation, stress, phase of life issues and relationship issues.
Hi, I've been serving in the mental health field for approximately fifteen years in a variety of settings. I have served in community mental health, inpatient facilities, residential treatment centers, outpatient facilities and through telehealth platforms. I am currently focusing on serving individual clients in-person.
(602) 691-4760 View (602) 691-4760
Photo of Dr. Taylor Larsen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Taylor Larsen
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85003  (Online Only)
One of my goals is to provide a safe environment, so you feel comfortable discussing difficult life challenges. I guide you throughout the therapeutic process to help ease any anxiety regarding therapy. I utilize a strength-based approach to help you find healing through adversity. My work is motivated by my humanistic philosophy that there is empowerment in striving to meet full personal potential. I am passionate about helping others find healing, improve their quality of life, and achieve their therapeutic goals.
One of my goals is to provide a safe environment, so you feel comfortable discussing difficult life challenges. I guide you throughout the therapeutic process to help ease any anxiety regarding therapy. I utilize a strength-based approach to help you find healing through adversity. My work is motivated by my humanistic philosophy that there is empowerment in striving to meet full personal potential. I am passionate about helping others find healing, improve their quality of life, and achieve their therapeutic goals.
(480) 933-2566 View (480) 933-2566
Photo of Intercessory Counseling & Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Intercessory Counseling & Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LISAC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Our practice is a communion of science and faith: the latest evidence-based psychotherapy modalities combined with ancient and medieval philosophy. we rely on the work of Greek and Roman thinkers, as well as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Ignatius of Loyola, and others. If you are willing to put in the work, we will maximize your time to help you become more authentically YOU. No matter what you're going through, there are some things that can always help. Breathing. Grounding work. Positive self-talk. When we meet we would tailor a treatment program to meet your needs. Appointments are available days, evenings, and Saturdays.
Our practice is a communion of science and faith: the latest evidence-based psychotherapy modalities combined with ancient and medieval philosophy. we rely on the work of Greek and Roman thinkers, as well as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Ignatius of Loyola, and others. If you are willing to put in the work, we will maximize your time to help you become more authentically YOU. No matter what you're going through, there are some things that can always help. Breathing. Grounding work. Positive self-talk. When we meet we would tailor a treatment program to meet your needs. Appointments are available days, evenings, and Saturdays.
(602) 786-7283 View (602) 786-7283
Photo of Vanessa Vann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Vanessa Vann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85001
Waitlist for new clients
I utilize a variety of techniques to help increase the mind body connection and process emotions and trauma including EMDR, somatic experiencing, hypnosis, guided meditation and DBT to name a few.
Wait list! Have you found therapy unhelpful in the past? If you are looking for a change and a new approach, I can help. I have more than 20 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families overcome life's hurdles and feel fulfilled. I have a passion for helping individuals overcome PTSD, CPTSD, developmental, religious and other specific trauma. I have experience working with neurodivergent individuals, borderline, narcissistic and anti-social personalities, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, OCD, phobias, eating disorders, addiction, disassociation and chronic pain. I am passionate about LGBTQ+ and gender identity issues.
I utilize a variety of techniques to help increase the mind body connection and process emotions and trauma including EMDR, somatic experiencing, hypnosis, guided meditation and DBT to name a few.
Wait list! Have you found therapy unhelpful in the past? If you are looking for a change and a new approach, I can help. I have more than 20 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families overcome life's hurdles and feel fulfilled. I have a passion for helping individuals overcome PTSD, CPTSD, developmental, religious and other specific trauma. I have experience working with neurodivergent individuals, borderline, narcissistic and anti-social personalities, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, OCD, phobias, eating disorders, addiction, disassociation and chronic pain. I am passionate about LGBTQ+ and gender identity issues.
(520) 597-8042 View (520) 597-8042
Photo of Vanessa Gamino, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Vanessa Gamino
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85001  (Online Only)
I believe anyone can learn how to create and foster a healthy meaningful life. Our work in therapy will be strength-based, collaborative, and uniquely tailored as no two people are alike. Together, we will work to create insight and connect the relationship between beliefs, behavior patterns, and emotional responses in an effort to deepen the understanding of your capabilities and choices in life.
I believe anyone can learn how to create and foster a healthy meaningful life. Our work in therapy will be strength-based, collaborative, and uniquely tailored as no two people are alike. Together, we will work to create insight and connect the relationship between beliefs, behavior patterns, and emotional responses in an effort to deepen the understanding of your capabilities and choices in life.
(520) 214-8106 View (520) 214-8106
Photo of Daniel Levi - Integrative Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Daniel Levi - Integrative Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85028
We help folks that are looking for real holistic assessment and treatment to anxiety and mood disorders. Our clients are looking for practical strategies and techniques that make a difference to symptoms right now but also address the the "trunk" of the problem overtime. We help people find the most effective strategies among the many many treatment options that exist today. Our clients often value the role physiology and spirituality play as well. All of us here look at each client as a unique person needed a unique recipe.
We help folks that are looking for real holistic assessment and treatment to anxiety and mood disorders. Our clients are looking for practical strategies and techniques that make a difference to symptoms right now but also address the the "trunk" of the problem overtime. We help people find the most effective strategies among the many many treatment options that exist today. Our clients often value the role physiology and spirituality play as well. All of us here look at each client as a unique person needed a unique recipe.
(773) 706-8981 View (773) 706-8981
Photo of Tiffany Jp Hernandez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Tiffany Jp Hernandez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Email for all inquiries! Congratulations on taking the first step to living your best life! The last couple years have been difficult for all of us, but especially those who were already struggling with their mental health. It has been a time for reflection and now it is time to take action towards healing and making lifelong changes. Please allow me to assist you in discovering your strengths and recognizing your resiliency. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques each designed to help you on your unique journey of self-improvement.
Email for all inquiries! Congratulations on taking the first step to living your best life! The last couple years have been difficult for all of us, but especially those who were already struggling with their mental health. It has been a time for reflection and now it is time to take action towards healing and making lifelong changes. Please allow me to assist you in discovering your strengths and recognizing your resiliency. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques each designed to help you on your unique journey of self-improvement.
(480) 485-0943 View (480) 485-0943
Photo of Allison Wilson, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Allison Wilson
Counselor, MAC, LAC, CCTP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044
Is there a time in your life when you've felt alone, betrayed, unhappy or lost? Difficulties often leave us feeling helpless, isolated, and overwhelmed. As we unpack the trauma, anger, pain, and loss, you will learn tools for living authentically, transforming the way you connect, and experience healing and growth. On this journey of emotional healing and recovery I love seeing the progression one experiences as they show up and commit to working through life’s difficulties. We will walk down this path together, at your pace, implementing various techniques and tools that work best for you.
Is there a time in your life when you've felt alone, betrayed, unhappy or lost? Difficulties often leave us feeling helpless, isolated, and overwhelmed. As we unpack the trauma, anger, pain, and loss, you will learn tools for living authentically, transforming the way you connect, and experience healing and growth. On this journey of emotional healing and recovery I love seeing the progression one experiences as they show up and commit to working through life’s difficulties. We will walk down this path together, at your pace, implementing various techniques and tools that work best for you.
(928) 267-0966 View (928) 267-0966
Photo of Sachiko Tate, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Sachiko Tate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
We all are given a life to live and wish for it to be without challenges and obstacles, and yet sometimes unpleasant events can happen unexpectedly that could change our world upside down. I want you to know that no life events are trivial and that your story deserves respect and a safe space to be seen, heard, and understood. I believe that the most effective treatment is found in a strong therapeutic relationship, in which I focus on building safety, trust, and honesty with my clients.
We all are given a life to live and wish for it to be without challenges and obstacles, and yet sometimes unpleasant events can happen unexpectedly that could change our world upside down. I want you to know that no life events are trivial and that your story deserves respect and a safe space to be seen, heard, and understood. I believe that the most effective treatment is found in a strong therapeutic relationship, in which I focus on building safety, trust, and honesty with my clients.
(602) 737-1650 View (602) 737-1650
Photo of Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC, CCTP, CAGSSAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027
At Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions we believe whole people connecting with one another enhances the well-being of the family and the community. Similarly, people living and working together as whole communities will make the world better for all of us. Additionally, we all need places where we can speak without fear of judgement or rejection. When these needs are met, barriers to growth and well being can be removed. Our goal is to provide an environment that fosters the kind of individual growth that comes from intentional change by promoting health, healing and restoration.
At Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions we believe whole people connecting with one another enhances the well-being of the family and the community. Similarly, people living and working together as whole communities will make the world better for all of us. Additionally, we all need places where we can speak without fear of judgement or rejection. When these needs are met, barriers to growth and well being can be removed. Our goal is to provide an environment that fosters the kind of individual growth that comes from intentional change by promoting health, healing and restoration.
(602) 598-5373 View (602) 598-5373
Photo of CFND Behavioral Health in Phoenix, AZ
CFND Behavioral Health
LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Welcome to CFND Behavioral Health. We are so incredibly glad you are here with us. Since 1992, CFND Behavioral Health has had the philosophy that no one should go through life alone. As a community, we believe in creating an environment of exceptional client care through immediate accessibility to affordable mental health services and we appreciate the courage it takes for you to seek help. Our impact is due to the abilities of our incredible and talented Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists, Licensed Clinical Social Workers, and behavioral health administrators who strive to serve you daily.
Welcome to CFND Behavioral Health. We are so incredibly glad you are here with us. Since 1992, CFND Behavioral Health has had the philosophy that no one should go through life alone. As a community, we believe in creating an environment of exceptional client care through immediate accessibility to affordable mental health services and we appreciate the courage it takes for you to seek help. Our impact is due to the abilities of our incredible and talented Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists, Licensed Clinical Social Workers, and behavioral health administrators who strive to serve you daily.
(520) 727-6103 View (520) 727-6103
Photo of Chantelle Ezinne Oguadimma, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Chantelle Ezinne Oguadimma
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSPC, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85044  (Online Only)
Chantelle received her Masters in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University. She has extensive experiences working with children and adolescents dealing with a variety of mental health needs including various traumas, substance abuse, needs relating to the spectrum, and foster care. Chantelle also owns a behavioral health residential facility where she provides therapeutic services to adult clients suffering with addiction, trauma, and serious mental illness. Overall Chantelle has had a total of 9 years of experience as a mental health professional. She is passionate about supporting her clients as well as her community.
Chantelle received her Masters in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University. She has extensive experiences working with children and adolescents dealing with a variety of mental health needs including various traumas, substance abuse, needs relating to the spectrum, and foster care. Chantelle also owns a behavioral health residential facility where she provides therapeutic services to adult clients suffering with addiction, trauma, and serious mental illness. Overall Chantelle has had a total of 9 years of experience as a mental health professional. She is passionate about supporting her clients as well as her community.
(480) 530-6669 View (480) 530-6669
Photo of Karolina Coleman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Karolina Coleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085
As a mental health therapist, I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration the body, mind, and soul. I focus on individual strengths and believe everyone has the ability to be an active participant in their own healing. I create a secure space where you can share your story, set goals, and make progress toward healing and growth. Together, we will navigate your unique journey so you can start feeling like your best self.
As a mental health therapist, I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration the body, mind, and soul. I focus on individual strengths and believe everyone has the ability to be an active participant in their own healing. I create a secure space where you can share your story, set goals, and make progress toward healing and growth. Together, we will navigate your unique journey so you can start feeling like your best self.
(623) 292-6228 View (623) 292-6228
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.