Therapists in West Palm Beach, FL

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Photo of Megan Hunt, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Megan Hunt
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33411  (Online Only)
I create a safe and supportive environment where clients feel comfortable exploring their thoughts, emotions, and concerns related to anxiety. Drawing from my extensive experience and training, I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities tailored to each individual's needs. As a therapist with a specialization in eating disorders and a background in working at a partial residential treatment center, my approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, understanding, and evidence-based interventions. My therapeutic style is informed by a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, and gestalt therapy.
I create a safe and supportive environment where clients feel comfortable exploring their thoughts, emotions, and concerns related to anxiety. Drawing from my extensive experience and training, I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities tailored to each individual's needs. As a therapist with a specialization in eating disorders and a background in working at a partial residential treatment center, my approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, understanding, and evidence-based interventions. My therapeutic style is informed by a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, and gestalt therapy.
(727) 758-2858 View (727) 758-2858
Photo of Dillon A Steinman, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Dillon A Steinman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33409
Stressed about life? Relationship issues, finances, work, addiction, mental illness, etc. You want more from life, but you simply aren't able to make that happen on your own due to the current circumstances. You will soon experience a significantly better life as we work towards accomplishing your goals.
Stressed about life? Relationship issues, finances, work, addiction, mental illness, etc. You want more from life, but you simply aren't able to make that happen on your own due to the current circumstances. You will soon experience a significantly better life as we work towards accomplishing your goals.
(561) 537-5586 View (561) 537-5586
Vanessa M Germain
Provisional Clinical Social Worker, PCSWL
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
My name is Vanessa, I am a Caribbean born, and native New Yorker. I settled in South Florida with a passion to build families and strengthen individual connections. As a middle child, I grew up feeling unseen and unheard in a dysfunctional family dynamic, which led me to search for love and validation. As I grew into adulthood, I found healing and acceptance through conversations with close friends and professionals. It was during these times that really helped me and led me to where I am now. For the past decade, I have utilized an eclectic therapeutic style that integrates various research-based modalities tailored to each client!
My name is Vanessa, I am a Caribbean born, and native New Yorker. I settled in South Florida with a passion to build families and strengthen individual connections. As a middle child, I grew up feeling unseen and unheard in a dysfunctional family dynamic, which led me to search for love and validation. As I grew into adulthood, I found healing and acceptance through conversations with close friends and professionals. It was during these times that really helped me and led me to where I am now. For the past decade, I have utilized an eclectic therapeutic style that integrates various research-based modalities tailored to each client!
(561) 342-5808 View (561) 342-5808
Photo of Tiffany Moore, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Tiffany Moore
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33407
The purpose of therapy is to take what you have learned and apply it outside. It is not always easy to make changes, and change can be scary, but once you put your words into action, the change can be beautiful. I have worked with people who struggle with substance use issues, depression, anxiety, and families. I have a passion for working with people in the BiPOC community. I want my clients to believe in themselves and what they can accomplish without needing external validation. My goal is for you to feel confident in your decision-making to process your needs/issues without relying on others.
The purpose of therapy is to take what you have learned and apply it outside. It is not always easy to make changes, and change can be scary, but once you put your words into action, the change can be beautiful. I have worked with people who struggle with substance use issues, depression, anxiety, and families. I have a passion for working with people in the BiPOC community. I want my clients to believe in themselves and what they can accomplish without needing external validation. My goal is for you to feel confident in your decision-making to process your needs/issues without relying on others.
(561) 782-9791 View (561) 782-9791
Photo of Elmer Higgins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Palm Beach, FL
Elmer Higgins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33415
Therapy with Elmer is empowering, client-centered, and inspirational. Elmer desires to meet each client at their level and work at the pace that fits their needs. Elmer offers a safe space with no judgment and compassion to help propel clients too desired goals and aspirations.
Therapy with Elmer is empowering, client-centered, and inspirational. Elmer desires to meet each client at their level and work at the pace that fits their needs. Elmer offers a safe space with no judgment and compassion to help propel clients too desired goals and aspirations.
(561) 556-6438 View (561) 556-6438
Photo of Terrence Michael O'Neill, Mental Health Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Terrence Michael O'Neill
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
I practice Emotion Focus Couples Therapy (EFT). It is an Evidence Based Practice therapy with a 76% success rate with couples who complete their treatment plan. I collaborate with distressed couples and (individuals) whose relationships are "stuck" or are affected by the echoes of trauma. EFT focuses on how, couples experience their relationship and how they link together their emotional experience and express those emotions together as a couple. Emotions are the experience-the dance between adult lovers.
I practice Emotion Focus Couples Therapy (EFT). It is an Evidence Based Practice therapy with a 76% success rate with couples who complete their treatment plan. I collaborate with distressed couples and (individuals) whose relationships are "stuck" or are affected by the echoes of trauma. EFT focuses on how, couples experience their relationship and how they link together their emotional experience and express those emotions together as a couple. Emotions are the experience-the dance between adult lovers.
(561) 513-5468 View (561) 513-5468
Photo of Dr. Jamie-Lee Conner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Palm Beach, FL
Dr. Jamie-Lee Conner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MSW , LCSW
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33411
My name is Dr. Jamie-Lee Conner. My practice is devoted to treating teenagers, college students, young adults and parents. Is your child or you struggling with anxiety, depression, self-harm, academic/sports performance, parenting issues, family conflict, lack of confidence? I can help! In person or virtual visits makes it easy to get the help you and your family needs! I specialize in working with teen girls and young adults! Casual therapy helps make the process easy with someone relatable for your teen to open up and make improvements to their mental health.
My name is Dr. Jamie-Lee Conner. My practice is devoted to treating teenagers, college students, young adults and parents. Is your child or you struggling with anxiety, depression, self-harm, academic/sports performance, parenting issues, family conflict, lack of confidence? I can help! In person or virtual visits makes it easy to get the help you and your family needs! I specialize in working with teen girls and young adults! Casual therapy helps make the process easy with someone relatable for your teen to open up and make improvements to their mental health.
(561) 389-9758 View (561) 389-9758
Photo of Julia Daniels, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Julia Daniels
Counselor, M Ed, Ed S, MCAP, LMHC, LMT
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33409
As a psychotherapist, master's level addictions professional, hypnotherapist, and body-centered psychotherapist, Julia Daniels is trained in state of the art healing. Drawing on both her professional skills and her own personal experiences of healing, Julia has helped hundreds of individuals, couples, and families move through life's challenges, heal, and find peace and freedom to be their authentic self. Deeply insightful, caring, warm, intuitive, and experienced, she helps clients get to the root causes of issues and helps clients resolve them.
As a psychotherapist, master's level addictions professional, hypnotherapist, and body-centered psychotherapist, Julia Daniels is trained in state of the art healing. Drawing on both her professional skills and her own personal experiences of healing, Julia has helped hundreds of individuals, couples, and families move through life's challenges, heal, and find peace and freedom to be their authentic self. Deeply insightful, caring, warm, intuitive, and experienced, she helps clients get to the root causes of issues and helps clients resolve them.
(561) 264-0795 View (561) 264-0795
Photo of Arturo (Arty) Morales, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in West Palm Beach, FL
Arturo (Arty) Morales
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Devoted as a Marriage & Family Therapist, my emphasis is nurturing relationships with compassion. Guiding couples, I enhance communication, deepen connections, and cultivate truly fulfilling relationships. Addressing intimacy, trust, and commitment, I actively collaborate, offering tailored strategies for positive transformation. In a supportive, non-judgmental space, I empower couples to navigate challenges, build a resilient foundation, and actively contribute to the growth of a loving and harmonious relationship.
Devoted as a Marriage & Family Therapist, my emphasis is nurturing relationships with compassion. Guiding couples, I enhance communication, deepen connections, and cultivate truly fulfilling relationships. Addressing intimacy, trust, and commitment, I actively collaborate, offering tailored strategies for positive transformation. In a supportive, non-judgmental space, I empower couples to navigate challenges, build a resilient foundation, and actively contribute to the growth of a loving and harmonious relationship.
(561) 559-6535 View (561) 559-6535
Photo of Kaylin Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Palm Beach, FL
Kaylin Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, RCSWI
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33401  (Online Only)
If you are looking to heal from past experiences, adopt a different mindset, or begin a journey of personal growth, therapy could be a beneficial experience for you. I am committed to helping clients feel comfortable, safe, and empowered throughout that experience.
If you are looking to heal from past experiences, adopt a different mindset, or begin a journey of personal growth, therapy could be a beneficial experience for you. I am committed to helping clients feel comfortable, safe, and empowered throughout that experience.
(561) 867-6329 View (561) 867-6329
Photo of Glauco Tria Cusciano, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Palm Beach, FL
Glauco Tria Cusciano
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, IMT
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33411  (Online Only)
I m here to facilitate your transformation process. There is no labels in therapy and We will work as a team in any presenting problem that brought you to therapy. Note : For the Youth, LGBTQ+ population, I work with a grant that is providing free individual therapy and educational groups in Palm Beach and Belle Glades
I m here to facilitate your transformation process. There is no labels in therapy and We will work as a team in any presenting problem that brought you to therapy. Note : For the Youth, LGBTQ+ population, I work with a grant that is providing free individual therapy and educational groups in Palm Beach and Belle Glades
(561) 771-6396 View (561) 771-6396
Photo of Didem Hacioglu, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Palm Beach, FL
Didem Hacioglu
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI, MS, EdS
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33407
Are you navigating life's emotional rollercoaster & looking for a friendly hand to hold along the way? Are you dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, self-loathing and relationship challenges? Are you looking for relief from your struggles, a boost in self-worth, and stronger connections with yourself and others? You may want to break free from the past, learn positive coping strategies, cultivate healthy habits, learn acceptance, and find peace within yourself. My ideal client is someone who just wants to feel like themselves again—laughing, loving, and living life to the fullest.
Are you navigating life's emotional rollercoaster & looking for a friendly hand to hold along the way? Are you dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, self-loathing and relationship challenges? Are you looking for relief from your struggles, a boost in self-worth, and stronger connections with yourself and others? You may want to break free from the past, learn positive coping strategies, cultivate healthy habits, learn acceptance, and find peace within yourself. My ideal client is someone who just wants to feel like themselves again—laughing, loving, and living life to the fullest.
(561) 924-1718 View (561) 924-1718
Photo of Brittnee Kay Stone, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Brittnee Kay Stone
Counselor, MA, LMHC, QS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33404
Those who are suffering from trauma may find relief. Trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), I have seen firsthand the positive treatment outcomes from EMDR. While working in residential treatment for alcohol and substance use. Along with family members struggling with issues brought on by addiction, anxiety, depression, co-dependency, unresolved grief/loss, and relationship issues. Let’s work together to develop healthy coping skills & explore the root of the problem. Therapy is an open process in which one must be honest with both themselves & the therapist to get results they seek.
Those who are suffering from trauma may find relief. Trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), I have seen firsthand the positive treatment outcomes from EMDR. While working in residential treatment for alcohol and substance use. Along with family members struggling with issues brought on by addiction, anxiety, depression, co-dependency, unresolved grief/loss, and relationship issues. Let’s work together to develop healthy coping skills & explore the root of the problem. Therapy is an open process in which one must be honest with both themselves & the therapist to get results they seek.
(561) 375-2725 View (561) 375-2725
Photo of Michael H. Rathjens, Psy.D, PA in West Palm Beach, FL
Michael H. Rathjens, Psy.D, PA
PsyD
Verified Verified
West Palm Beach, FL 33411
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in practice for more than 25 years. I am proud to help people who are motivated to make those things they are suffering from better. I am impassioned by the growth and purpose people find through therapy. My practice is comprised of children-and their families, marital-couples, and adults. With regard to working with children, I offer a great deal of education and specific treatment goals. In working with adults, treatment must be driven towards personal improvement and relief of symptoms. Common areas addressed include marital discord, addiction, anxiety and depression.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in practice for more than 25 years. I am proud to help people who are motivated to make those things they are suffering from better. I am impassioned by the growth and purpose people find through therapy. My practice is comprised of children-and their families, marital-couples, and adults. With regard to working with children, I offer a great deal of education and specific treatment goals. In working with adults, treatment must be driven towards personal improvement and relief of symptoms. Common areas addressed include marital discord, addiction, anxiety and depression.
(561) 571-9141 View (561) 571-9141
Photo of Layda Penton, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Layda Penton
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33411  (Online Only)
Are you overwhelmed? Do you feel exhausted by daily efforts? Is it getting hard to motivate yourself to accomplish your responsibilities? Have there been changes in a certain domains of your life and finding it difficult to adjust? Change can be uncomfortable and stressors add additional obstacles to overcome. Each person deserves to be successful in life with healthy coping skills and tools that lead to positive changes and accomplished goals. Our lives are hectic and it's always a good time to focus on you to have a more fulfilling life.
Are you overwhelmed? Do you feel exhausted by daily efforts? Is it getting hard to motivate yourself to accomplish your responsibilities? Have there been changes in a certain domains of your life and finding it difficult to adjust? Change can be uncomfortable and stressors add additional obstacles to overcome. Each person deserves to be successful in life with healthy coping skills and tools that lead to positive changes and accomplished goals. Our lives are hectic and it's always a good time to focus on you to have a more fulfilling life.
(561) 559-5796 View (561) 559-5796
Photo of Cristina Farah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Palm Beach, FL
Cristina Farah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33407
Waitlist for new clients
Glimmer- verb shine faintly with a wavering light. It is my most sincere belief that everyone deserves to live a life worth living. And it is my belief that ability is already inside you. As your therapist I am here to simply help you uncover that which is already there. I invite you to become curious about yourself in the safe container of our sessions so that you can cultivate self-compassion in this process. I draw from my education, training and personal experiences in my work with clients.
Glimmer- verb shine faintly with a wavering light. It is my most sincere belief that everyone deserves to live a life worth living. And it is my belief that ability is already inside you. As your therapist I am here to simply help you uncover that which is already there. I invite you to become curious about yourself in the safe container of our sessions so that you can cultivate self-compassion in this process. I draw from my education, training and personal experiences in my work with clients.
(561) 861-3326 View (561) 861-3326
Photo of Tamara Gorfine Petrelli & Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Palm Beach, FL
Tamara Gorfine Petrelli & Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
I am a licensed Social Worker who graduated from Barry University and I have been working in Mental Health since 2001. I have been working with individuals, families and couples from very diverse population. I also worked very closely with parents with children between the ages of 0-5 working through parental stress, time management as well as postpartum depression. I have expertise working with adults and teenagers. I have taken many critical classes for this population. I have experience working with the substance abuse and dependency clients. My practice has therapist that can work with children and adults. We have 4 therapists.
I am a licensed Social Worker who graduated from Barry University and I have been working in Mental Health since 2001. I have been working with individuals, families and couples from very diverse population. I also worked very closely with parents with children between the ages of 0-5 working through parental stress, time management as well as postpartum depression. I have expertise working with adults and teenagers. I have taken many critical classes for this population. I have experience working with the substance abuse and dependency clients. My practice has therapist that can work with children and adults. We have 4 therapists.
(561) 419-9536 View (561) 419-9536
Photo of Stacy Jo Poffenbarger, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Stacy Jo Poffenbarger
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, RMHCI, CAP, ICADC, CET
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33406
An ideal client is anyone who shows up at your door understanding that something in their life is not working the way they want it to and having the desire to change that. I have been working in the substance abuse and mental health field for over a decade and have encountered many people with many different life situations and stories. Each person is unique and I believe that once we identify the core issue, we are well on our way to removing the block and creating the life a client truly desires. I use talk therapy along with EMDR to assist clients in achieving the goals they have set for themselves.
An ideal client is anyone who shows up at your door understanding that something in their life is not working the way they want it to and having the desire to change that. I have been working in the substance abuse and mental health field for over a decade and have encountered many people with many different life situations and stories. Each person is unique and I believe that once we identify the core issue, we are well on our way to removing the block and creating the life a client truly desires. I use talk therapy along with EMDR to assist clients in achieving the goals they have set for themselves.
(561) 440-6095 View (561) 440-6095
Photo of Authentic Self Psychotherapeutic Services, Psychologist in West Palm Beach, FL
Authentic Self Psychotherapeutic Services
Psychologist, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
I believe that each individual is unique, and shaped by their life experiences. Problems and difficulties develop when we begin to live in a way that is not in accordance with our "true self". My main goal as a therapist is to help patients explore what path they need to take in order to be authentic to who they are. The ultimate goal for each person is to live a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
I believe that each individual is unique, and shaped by their life experiences. Problems and difficulties develop when we begin to live in a way that is not in accordance with our "true self". My main goal as a therapist is to help patients explore what path they need to take in order to be authentic to who they are. The ultimate goal for each person is to live a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
(561) 220-2529 View (561) 220-2529
Photo of Nicole R. Smith, Counselor in West Palm Beach, FL
Nicole R. Smith
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
My unique, authentic, and genuine therapeutic approach provides the best support to my clients who are seeking Emotional Intelligence, self-discovery and personal growth, but who also struggle with chronic stress, anxiety, depression, navigating life transitions, or seeking to improve their emotional well-being, guidance in developing healthy coping strategies, building resilience, and fostering a deeper understanding of themselves. I welcome individuals who are motivated to enhance their overall mental and emotional health to lead a more fulfilling life!
My unique, authentic, and genuine therapeutic approach provides the best support to my clients who are seeking Emotional Intelligence, self-discovery and personal growth, but who also struggle with chronic stress, anxiety, depression, navigating life transitions, or seeking to improve their emotional well-being, guidance in developing healthy coping strategies, building resilience, and fostering a deeper understanding of themselves. I welcome individuals who are motivated to enhance their overall mental and emotional health to lead a more fulfilling life!
(561) 231-6489 View (561) 231-6489

See more therapy options for West Palm Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Palm Beach, FL

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in West Palm Beach, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Palm Beach, FL see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Palm Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.