Child Therapists in Pennsylvania

Photo of Staci Heindel, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Staci Heindel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
I am a Licensed Psychologist and PA Certified School Psychologist with over fifteen years experience in the identification and remediation of learning, behavioral, and emotional differences in preschool through college aged individuals. My primary areas of practice include psychoeducational assessment, school admissions testing, and consultation with parents and schools. I have taught doctoral level courses in assessment and have administration experience as the former Co-Director of Assessment Services and Coordinator of School Admissions Services at Bryn Mawr College Child Study Institute. I serve on the Board of the PA Branch of the International Dyslexia Association and on the Specialist of Schools Planning Committee.
I am a Licensed Psychologist and PA Certified School Psychologist with over fifteen years experience in the identification and remediation of learning, behavioral, and emotional differences in preschool through college aged individuals. My primary areas of practice include psychoeducational assessment, school admissions testing, and consultation with parents and schools. I have taught doctoral level courses in assessment and have administration experience as the former Co-Director of Assessment Services and Coordinator of School Admissions Services at Bryn Mawr College Child Study Institute. I serve on the Board of the PA Branch of the International Dyslexia Association and on the Specialist of Schools Planning Committee.
(215) 436-9907 View (215) 436-9907
Photo of Brianna Haffner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Brianna Haffner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Conshohocken, PA 19428
Are you concerned about your child, but not sure how to help them? Are you worried they may not open up in traditional talk therapy? As an art therapist, I may be able to help. I specialize in working with school-aged children and their families, and believe parents and caregivers play a pivotal role in their child’s healing. I work to help kids understand their challenges and feelings, as well as develop strategies to overcome and cope with them. I also offer parent sessions to help you best support your child and help them practice the skills they learn in session.
Are you concerned about your child, but not sure how to help them? Are you worried they may not open up in traditional talk therapy? As an art therapist, I may be able to help. I specialize in working with school-aged children and their families, and believe parents and caregivers play a pivotal role in their child’s healing. I work to help kids understand their challenges and feelings, as well as develop strategies to overcome and cope with them. I also offer parent sessions to help you best support your child and help them practice the skills they learn in session.
(610) 345-8103 View (610) 345-8103
Photo of New Journey Family Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
New Journey Family Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manheim, PA 17545
I love working with children and teens and have an office full of different types of toys, art supplies, and a sand tray to help your child express feelings and learn new ways of coping.
Our passion for therapy is helping people of all ages discover their full potential in life and overcome obstacles. Our goal is to create a safe environment for you to turn and face the challenges you experience and identify new ways to create a meaningful life. For us, therapy is relationship and we would be honored to walk with you along your journey. We would like to offer our trainings and experiences, both professionally and personally to collaborate with you to help you reach your goals. We look forward to walking with you on this journey of healing and self-discovery!
I love working with children and teens and have an office full of different types of toys, art supplies, and a sand tray to help your child express feelings and learn new ways of coping.
Our passion for therapy is helping people of all ages discover their full potential in life and overcome obstacles. Our goal is to create a safe environment for you to turn and face the challenges you experience and identify new ways to create a meaningful life. For us, therapy is relationship and we would be honored to walk with you along your journey. We would like to offer our trainings and experiences, both professionally and personally to collaborate with you to help you reach your goals. We look forward to walking with you on this journey of healing and self-discovery!
(717) 850-9573 View (717) 850-9573
Photo of Erin Cornack, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pennsylvania
Erin Cornack
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lititz, PA 17543
Hello, I'm Erin, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I understand the stress and anxiety parenting can cause, especially when balancing life's demands becomes overwhelming. If your child's behaviors feel out of control or they have received a recent diagnosis, I can help. For the past 12 years, I have empowered hundreds of families struggling with parenting challenges - from daily pressures to major diagnoses like Autism. I recognize the immense grief, anxiety, depression, and isolation a diagnosis or a child with behavioral challenges can bring and how it affects the whole family.
Hello, I'm Erin, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I understand the stress and anxiety parenting can cause, especially when balancing life's demands becomes overwhelming. If your child's behaviors feel out of control or they have received a recent diagnosis, I can help. For the past 12 years, I have empowered hundreds of families struggling with parenting challenges - from daily pressures to major diagnoses like Autism. I recognize the immense grief, anxiety, depression, and isolation a diagnosis or a child with behavioral challenges can bring and how it affects the whole family.
(717) 897-6304 View (717) 897-6304
Photo of Bridget McElroy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Bridget McElroy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Narberth, PA 19072
My therapeutic approach is strengths-based and neurodiversity-affirming. My primary focus is working with autistic and other neurodivergent children (age 4 and up), teens, and young adults as they navigate a world that can be confusing and complex. I also work with individuals with anxiety, depression, sensory processing differences, executive functioning challenges, and divergent ways of communicating and socializing. In particular, I have significant experience supporting teens and young adults as they transition to adulthood, helping them navigate this daunting but exciting time in their lives.
My therapeutic approach is strengths-based and neurodiversity-affirming. My primary focus is working with autistic and other neurodivergent children (age 4 and up), teens, and young adults as they navigate a world that can be confusing and complex. I also work with individuals with anxiety, depression, sensory processing differences, executive functioning challenges, and divergent ways of communicating and socializing. In particular, I have significant experience supporting teens and young adults as they transition to adulthood, helping them navigate this daunting but exciting time in their lives.
(267) 641-9318 View (267) 641-9318
Photo of Meredith Barber, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Meredith Barber
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Narberth, PA 19072
Tapping into both my playful spirit and my understanding that children need indirect interventions, I am quite effective with younger children.
To live full, free, and generous lives, we need to connect deeply with ourselves and with others. I gently encourage clients to develop confidence in their inner knowledge and to have faith in the flow of the universe. When we trust our feelings, our intuition, and our creativity, we don't feel impelled to muscle through the world. Instead, we feel guided and supported. I help clients to rely on their inner knowledge and to express their vulnerabilities and strengths so that they can fulfill their potential, interact meaningfully with others, enjoy life's riches, and do the work they are meant to do.
Tapping into both my playful spirit and my understanding that children need indirect interventions, I am quite effective with younger children.
To live full, free, and generous lives, we need to connect deeply with ourselves and with others. I gently encourage clients to develop confidence in their inner knowledge and to have faith in the flow of the universe. When we trust our feelings, our intuition, and our creativity, we don't feel impelled to muscle through the world. Instead, we feel guided and supported. I help clients to rely on their inner knowledge and to express their vulnerabilities and strengths so that they can fulfill their potential, interact meaningfully with others, enjoy life's riches, and do the work they are meant to do.
(610) 347-5541 View (610) 347-5541
Photo of Susan Kaye-Huntington, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Susan Kaye-Huntington
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118
I have broad experience in dealing with a wide variety of psychological problems but have particular expertise in working with children, adolescents, and their families and am especially interested and experienced in the treatment of: *Problems with mood and depression; *Anxiety and phobias; *Health related psychological concerns.
I believe an important part of the therapy process is developing a flexible and collaborative relationship in which the client feels safe to explore, understand, and change relationships and behaviors, so that he or she may grow in a satisfying, creative, and life enhancing way. I have worked as a clinician for over twenty years and maintain a general practice for adults, families and children.
I have broad experience in dealing with a wide variety of psychological problems but have particular expertise in working with children, adolescents, and their families and am especially interested and experienced in the treatment of: *Problems with mood and depression; *Anxiety and phobias; *Health related psychological concerns.
I believe an important part of the therapy process is developing a flexible and collaborative relationship in which the client feels safe to explore, understand, and change relationships and behaviors, so that he or she may grow in a satisfying, creative, and life enhancing way. I have worked as a clinician for over twenty years and maintain a general practice for adults, families and children.
(215) 438-4862 View (215) 438-4862
Photo of Adam Berman, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Adam Berman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jenkintown, PA 19046
I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and families. I have extensive experience in improving the relationship between parent and child through enhanced familial communication. My intent is to enhance your child's level of motivation, increase academic achievement, increase their level of comfort within social environments, and strengthen relationships with friends and family. My intent is to empower children. I see children and parents as co-collaborators in treatment. Therapy offers new resources and can give children and families new skills and perspectives to improve the quality of their daily life and their relationships.
I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and families. I have extensive experience in improving the relationship between parent and child through enhanced familial communication. My intent is to enhance your child's level of motivation, increase academic achievement, increase their level of comfort within social environments, and strengthen relationships with friends and family. My intent is to empower children. I see children and parents as co-collaborators in treatment. Therapy offers new resources and can give children and families new skills and perspectives to improve the quality of their daily life and their relationships.
(267) 296-1050 View (267) 296-1050
Photo of Quintessential Health, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Quintessential Health
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Warrington, PA 18976
At Quintessential Health, we serve a wide range of individuals from young children to adults. We often individual therapy, group counseling, couples counseling, and assessment/testing services. We specialize in generalized and social anxiety, depression, relationship issues, behavioral difficulties, grief/loss, Autism, ADHD, and trauma. Common referrals for assessments include ADHD concerns, Autism, academic difficulties, psychoeducational assessments, and developmental concerns. We welcome patients from the following states: PA, AZ, CO, DE, GA, IL, MO, NE, NH, NV, OK, TX, UT, & VA.
At Quintessential Health, we serve a wide range of individuals from young children to adults. We often individual therapy, group counseling, couples counseling, and assessment/testing services. We specialize in generalized and social anxiety, depression, relationship issues, behavioral difficulties, grief/loss, Autism, ADHD, and trauma. Common referrals for assessments include ADHD concerns, Autism, academic difficulties, psychoeducational assessments, and developmental concerns. We welcome patients from the following states: PA, AZ, CO, DE, GA, IL, MO, NE, NH, NV, OK, TX, UT, & VA.
(215) 585-2109 View (215) 585-2109
Photo of Callie J Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Callie J Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Prior to co-founding the CHARTE Center, Callie worked at Allegheny Neuropsychiatric Institute, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic and served as the Parent Educator for a grant-funded project at The Child Development unit at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
Callie is a graduate of Washington & Jefferson College, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work. Callie has extensive experience in various therapies for children and adults with special needs, including autistic spectrum disorder, and intellectual disabilities. Callie has working experience with mood and behavioral disorders in individuals of all ages as well.
Prior to co-founding the CHARTE Center, Callie worked at Allegheny Neuropsychiatric Institute, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic and served as the Parent Educator for a grant-funded project at The Child Development unit at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
Callie is a graduate of Washington & Jefferson College, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work. Callie has extensive experience in various therapies for children and adults with special needs, including autistic spectrum disorder, and intellectual disabilities. Callie has working experience with mood and behavioral disorders in individuals of all ages as well.
(878) 201-6960 View (878) 201-6960
Photo of Nicole Cantor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Nicole Cantor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Quakertown, PA 18951
I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults with varying diagnoses as well as families in need of support.
Throughout my work and training, I feel I have relearned the meaning of therapy. I, like most, used to see therapy as only a solution to a problem. Something has to be wrong in order for one to seek therapy. While counselors are certainly here to help with symptoms and adversities, I encourage anyone seeking growth and perspective to consider therapy. We have all heard the phrase, “if it’s not broken, don’t fix it.” Why do we have to wait for something to be broken? Reach out for support now, wherever you are in your timeline, because you deserve it and that’s ok.
I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults with varying diagnoses as well as families in need of support.
Throughout my work and training, I feel I have relearned the meaning of therapy. I, like most, used to see therapy as only a solution to a problem. Something has to be wrong in order for one to seek therapy. While counselors are certainly here to help with symptoms and adversities, I encourage anyone seeking growth and perspective to consider therapy. We have all heard the phrase, “if it’s not broken, don’t fix it.” Why do we have to wait for something to be broken? Reach out for support now, wherever you are in your timeline, because you deserve it and that’s ok.
(267) 263-7271 View (267) 263-7271
Photo of New Directions Mental Health - Robinson Twp, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
New Directions Mental Health - Robinson Twp
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15205
We provide help for adults, children, teens, couples, and families struggling with: depression; bipolar disorder; anxiety; recovery from trauma; grief and loss; relationship difficulties; sexual dysfunctions; eating disorders; substance abuse; pain management; disease management; ADHD; parenting difficulties; and disruptive behavior problems.
Offering Teletherapy, Telepsychiatry and in-office visits. We are a heart-centered practice dedicated to providing highly personalized care that supports you in making lasting changes. At New Directions, we specialize in providing the help you need from start to finish including matching you with the right therapist or psychiatric provider and offering effective services. Whether you are looking for individual therapy for yourself, therapy for a child or teen, couple's therapy, family therapy and/or psychiatric services, we can assist.
We provide help for adults, children, teens, couples, and families struggling with: depression; bipolar disorder; anxiety; recovery from trauma; grief and loss; relationship difficulties; sexual dysfunctions; eating disorders; substance abuse; pain management; disease management; ADHD; parenting difficulties; and disruptive behavior problems.
Offering Teletherapy, Telepsychiatry and in-office visits. We are a heart-centered practice dedicated to providing highly personalized care that supports you in making lasting changes. At New Directions, we specialize in providing the help you need from start to finish including matching you with the right therapist or psychiatric provider and offering effective services. Whether you are looking for individual therapy for yourself, therapy for a child or teen, couple's therapy, family therapy and/or psychiatric services, we can assist.
(412) 444-7275 View (412) 444-7275
Photo of Karen P Kelly, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Karen P Kelly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Neuropsychological and Educational Clinic for Children and Adolescents. I work with children who struggle with learning, attention, and developmental disorders, with a specialty in diagnosing and treating dyslexia. I provide neuropsychological, dyslexia, and AD/HD evaluations to help families and schools develop targeted interventions to support success. In addition, I offer an intensive research-based reading program to accelerate reading development for severe dyslexics.
Neuropsychological and Educational Clinic for Children and Adolescents. I work with children who struggle with learning, attention, and developmental disorders, with a specialty in diagnosing and treating dyslexia. I provide neuropsychological, dyslexia, and AD/HD evaluations to help families and schools develop targeted interventions to support success. In addition, I offer an intensive research-based reading program to accelerate reading development for severe dyslexics.
(267) 692-8343 View (267) 692-8343
Photo of Laura Hetzel, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pennsylvania
Laura Hetzel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I hope to hear from you so we can explore if I am a good fit for you, your child, or your family.
I empower clients who are trying to get things right, but feel like they always fall short. Maybe you are stepping out on your own as a young adult, or navigating the mounting pressures of being a teen, or feeling overwhelmed by the stress of parenting a child dealing with their own big feelings. I support clients to accept difficult parts of yourself to feel more whole. I support skill-building to reduce anxiety & to enhance your trust in yourself & your abilities. In art making, we can create space to process experiences that feel outside of spoken language.
I hope to hear from you so we can explore if I am a good fit for you, your child, or your family.
I empower clients who are trying to get things right, but feel like they always fall short. Maybe you are stepping out on your own as a young adult, or navigating the mounting pressures of being a teen, or feeling overwhelmed by the stress of parenting a child dealing with their own big feelings. I support clients to accept difficult parts of yourself to feel more whole. I support skill-building to reduce anxiety & to enhance your trust in yourself & your abilities. In art making, we can create space to process experiences that feel outside of spoken language.
View
Photo of Nicole Busch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pennsylvania
Nicole Busch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with couples, children and their families with a focus on attachment injuries, family systems and trauma.
I believe nothing is more important than an individual’s story. Your story, and the relationships it consists of, have a deep impact on your life and make up who you are, and who you become. I believe this is true for every individual, young and old. My experience as a trauma therapist has shown me the resilience of human beings and how meaningful their stories are. Through mutual trust, understanding, and the processing of your emotional experiences, we will begin to see change and embark on a pathway to healing that is comfortable and effective for you.
I enjoy working with couples, children and their families with a focus on attachment injuries, family systems and trauma.
I believe nothing is more important than an individual’s story. Your story, and the relationships it consists of, have a deep impact on your life and make up who you are, and who you become. I believe this is true for every individual, young and old. My experience as a trauma therapist has shown me the resilience of human beings and how meaningful their stories are. Through mutual trust, understanding, and the processing of your emotional experiences, we will begin to see change and embark on a pathway to healing that is comfortable and effective for you.
(215) 234-1318 View (215) 234-1318
Photo of Cecelia S. Baldwin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Cecelia S. Baldwin
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, practicing as a therapist, trainer, and consultant in Philadelphia and surrounding suburbs. I offer individual therapy, couples counseling and family counseling for children, adolescents and adults. I have a broad and unique base of clinical experience and education. I have a particular passion and expertise in working with children, adolescents, individuals and families struggling with relationships difficulties. I have significant experience and advanced clinical training treating varying degrees of psychological trauma.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, practicing as a therapist, trainer, and consultant in Philadelphia and surrounding suburbs. I offer individual therapy, couples counseling and family counseling for children, adolescents and adults. I have a broad and unique base of clinical experience and education. I have a particular passion and expertise in working with children, adolescents, individuals and families struggling with relationships difficulties. I have significant experience and advanced clinical training treating varying degrees of psychological trauma.
(484) 725-6952 View (484) 725-6952
Photo of Amber Lee Rose-Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Amber Lee Rose-Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal struggles, and life transitions are just some of the issues we face daily that can hold us back from reaching our goals and our true selves. Children, teens, and young adults are exposed early on to enormous amounts of pressure like bullying, mood and behavior changes, and self esteem concerns. I am passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults jump off the merry-go-round they're trapped on and create new, positive, and healthy ways to cope with life's unpredictable twists and turns or even feeling stuck in the same old. Allow me to understand you and ensure you have a voice.
Anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal struggles, and life transitions are just some of the issues we face daily that can hold us back from reaching our goals and our true selves. Children, teens, and young adults are exposed early on to enormous amounts of pressure like bullying, mood and behavior changes, and self esteem concerns. I am passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults jump off the merry-go-round they're trapped on and create new, positive, and healthy ways to cope with life's unpredictable twists and turns or even feeling stuck in the same old. Allow me to understand you and ensure you have a voice.
(724) 604-5044 View (724) 604-5044
Photo of Dozier Counseling Firm LLC , Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Dozier Counseling Firm LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Exton, PA 19341  (Online Only)
My prior experience as an FBI Special Agent, Director of Child/Adolescent Therapy, Therapist working with individuals with anxiety, stress, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma, low self-esteem, adjustment disorders, sex related issues, and after birth adjustments, I have the experience to assist you with your therapy goals.
My name is Christian Dozier, and I offer individual, couples, couples and individual sex therapy, family therapy and adolescent/college age therapy. I take a collaborative holistic approach. With your consent, I will work with your care team (psychiatrist, primary care physician, individual therapist if attending as a couple), to provide collaborative care. As and African American Female Therapist, I offer unique perspectives for you to tackle situations in a different way. I help you learn coping skills to reach your therapy goals. Remember, change happens when change occurs.
My prior experience as an FBI Special Agent, Director of Child/Adolescent Therapy, Therapist working with individuals with anxiety, stress, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma, low self-esteem, adjustment disorders, sex related issues, and after birth adjustments, I have the experience to assist you with your therapy goals.
My name is Christian Dozier, and I offer individual, couples, couples and individual sex therapy, family therapy and adolescent/college age therapy. I take a collaborative holistic approach. With your consent, I will work with your care team (psychiatrist, primary care physician, individual therapist if attending as a couple), to provide collaborative care. As and African American Female Therapist, I offer unique perspectives for you to tackle situations in a different way. I help you learn coping skills to reach your therapy goals. Remember, change happens when change occurs.
(484) 296-0757 View (484) 296-0757
Photo of Stephanie K. Ewing, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Stephanie K. Ewing
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
As a clinical and developmental psychologist, I have completed extensive training in evidence-based models for helping children, teens, adults and families.
Stress, depression, worry, feelings of hopelessness, and past difficult/traumatic experiences....All of these things can have a real impact on our day-to-day ability to enjoy life, function well in our relationships, and reach our fullest potential.
As a clinical and developmental psychologist, I have completed extensive training in evidence-based models for helping children, teens, adults and families.
Stress, depression, worry, feelings of hopelessness, and past difficult/traumatic experiences....All of these things can have a real impact on our day-to-day ability to enjoy life, function well in our relationships, and reach our fullest potential.
(215) 995-2766 View (215) 995-2766
Photo of Couples and Family Wellness Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pennsylvania
Couples and Family Wellness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berwyn, PA 19312
Are your partner, parents or children driving you crazy? Our counselors can show you how to enjoy the best of your family while learning to let go of the parts that interfere with your happiness. If you struggle with anxiety, depression, or make the same self-defeating relationship mistakes repeatedly, we'd like to work with you to break these cycles and enjoy life. Are you a first responder or veteran? Talk therapy won't help. We provide evidence-based EMDR. You deserve a counselor with the training and experience to help resolve the problems that bring you to therapy, heal old wounds and deepen the bonds you already share.
Are your partner, parents or children driving you crazy? Our counselors can show you how to enjoy the best of your family while learning to let go of the parts that interfere with your happiness. If you struggle with anxiety, depression, or make the same self-defeating relationship mistakes repeatedly, we'd like to work with you to break these cycles and enjoy life. Are you a first responder or veteran? Talk therapy won't help. We provide evidence-based EMDR. You deserve a counselor with the training and experience to help resolve the problems that bring you to therapy, heal old wounds and deepen the bonds you already share.
(484) 739-1145 View (484) 739-1145

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Child Therapists
Child psychologists in Pennsylvania provide mental health therapy to children and are experts in child development.

Every comprehensive review of therapy with children shows that all credible approaches, when performed by a competent mental health clinician, produce almost the same results. About half of all kids will get better. Of those that improve, 80% will show progress in a relatively short time (likely in fewer than six sessions), the remaining 20% will need longer-term support.

The best child therapists in Pennsylvania build great relationships with the child and the parent. They also see the child's strengths and are open to hearing the child's possible solutions to the challenges the child faces. Finally, a good therapist appreciates the child's culture and is sensitive to the values of the child's community.