Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Grey Matter Neuropsychology of NY, Psychologist in New York, NY
Grey Matter Neuropsychology of NY
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
As a lifespan neuropsychologist I work with patients ages 5 years up through 85+ who have developmental, neurologic, and psychiatric conditions affecting their cognitive functioning (i.e., attention, learning/memory, etc.), behavior, and/or mood. My practice provides neuropsychological, psychological, and psychoeducational evaluations. In general, exams include a clinical interview, testing, and a record review. Neuropsychological exams can be brief (3 to 4 hours) or more comprehensive (6 to 10 hours) depending on the reason for referral/consultation. Please contact me for additional information.
As a lifespan neuropsychologist I work with patients ages 5 years up through 85+ who have developmental, neurologic, and psychiatric conditions affecting their cognitive functioning (i.e., attention, learning/memory, etc.), behavior, and/or mood. My practice provides neuropsychological, psychological, and psychoeducational evaluations. In general, exams include a clinical interview, testing, and a record review. Neuropsychological exams can be brief (3 to 4 hours) or more comprehensive (6 to 10 hours) depending on the reason for referral/consultation. Please contact me for additional information.
(646) 759-2777 View (646) 759-2777
Photo of Stephanie Pinho, Counselor in New York, NY
Stephanie Pinho
Counselor, LMHC, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018
Stephanie is a licensed psychotherapist clinically trained in New York City. She received both graduate degrees in Psychological Counseling from Columbia University after completing undergraduate studies at Cornell University. With over ten years as a licensed practitioner, she has held various positions in the field, including: bilingual psychotherapist for a nonprofit, Special Programs Counselor and lecturer at Brooklyn College, and behavioral specialist in child welfare.
Stephanie is a licensed psychotherapist clinically trained in New York City. She received both graduate degrees in Psychological Counseling from Columbia University after completing undergraduate studies at Cornell University. With over ten years as a licensed practitioner, she has held various positions in the field, including: bilingual psychotherapist for a nonprofit, Special Programs Counselor and lecturer at Brooklyn College, and behavioral specialist in child welfare.
(929) 429-4140 View (929) 429-4140
Photo of Vani Prasad in New York, NY
Vani Prasad
MHC LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Do you feel extremely overwhelmed and are unable to strike a balance between your personal and professional life? Do you feel isolated and disconnected from your surrounding and find it challenging to express it? Support is an essential tool, however starting your therapeutic journey can be daunting and finding an ‘ideal’ therapist can be equally difficult. Therapy for me, is a partnership designed to unravel life’s complexities to create a path of seeking fulfilment and a deeper understanding of one’s authentic self.
Do you feel extremely overwhelmed and are unable to strike a balance between your personal and professional life? Do you feel isolated and disconnected from your surrounding and find it challenging to express it? Support is an essential tool, however starting your therapeutic journey can be daunting and finding an ‘ideal’ therapist can be equally difficult. Therapy for me, is a partnership designed to unravel life’s complexities to create a path of seeking fulfilment and a deeper understanding of one’s authentic self.
(332) 263-3305 View (332) 263-3305
Photo of Lee Richard Meltzer, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Lee Richard Meltzer
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA, LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I specialize in showing adults how to reach their full potential. I help people go from feeling stuck in some area of their lives to achieving their own definition of success using a powerful and innovative method of Modern Psychoanalysis.
I specialize in showing adults how to reach their full potential. I help people go from feeling stuck in some area of their lives to achieving their own definition of success using a powerful and innovative method of Modern Psychoanalysis.
(646) 600-8251 View (646) 600-8251
Photo of Robert J Najjar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Robert J Najjar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
A collaborative relationship is essential for an effective psychotheraputic experience. My goal as a therapist is to help relieve anxiety by making my patients aware of how their history and unconscious mind drive their actions in ways that are counterproductive to their realizing their life goals. My treatment approach is interpersonal psychoanalytic. My work is primarily with individuals and I specialize in the treatment of gender and sexuality, intimacy and relationship issues, self esteem concerns, and family dynamics.
A collaborative relationship is essential for an effective psychotheraputic experience. My goal as a therapist is to help relieve anxiety by making my patients aware of how their history and unconscious mind drive their actions in ways that are counterproductive to their realizing their life goals. My treatment approach is interpersonal psychoanalytic. My work is primarily with individuals and I specialize in the treatment of gender and sexuality, intimacy and relationship issues, self esteem concerns, and family dynamics.
(646) 374-4128 View (646) 374-4128
Photo of Alyssa Berger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Alyssa Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, and low self-esteem. I work with an integrative approach and base my practice techniques on the unique needs of the individual, as psychotherapy is not based on a "one size fits all" approach. I pay close attention to the relationships within a client's life, provide tools on how to effectively challenge troubling thoughts and behaviors, and take into consideration the individual's past experiences.
I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, and low self-esteem. I work with an integrative approach and base my practice techniques on the unique needs of the individual, as psychotherapy is not based on a "one size fits all" approach. I pay close attention to the relationships within a client's life, provide tools on how to effectively challenge troubling thoughts and behaviors, and take into consideration the individual's past experiences.
(516) 373-7754 View (516) 373-7754
Photo of Anthony Procaccino, Psychologist in New York, NY
Anthony Procaccino
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10075
Every person who chooses therapy does so for a unique combination of reasons, as my patients have revealed to me in twenty years of private practice. No one fits into simple categories, teens especially. Some are impacted by events long ago, others by recent setbacks, while most are triggered by a combination of influences known and unknown. Working with children and adolescents, I understand these manifold pressures are sometimes accompanied by resistance to change, thereby limiting the otherwise positive support offered by family and friends. That’s when I can help.
Every person who chooses therapy does so for a unique combination of reasons, as my patients have revealed to me in twenty years of private practice. No one fits into simple categories, teens especially. Some are impacted by events long ago, others by recent setbacks, while most are triggered by a combination of influences known and unknown. Working with children and adolescents, I understand these manifold pressures are sometimes accompanied by resistance to change, thereby limiting the otherwise positive support offered by family and friends. That’s when I can help.
(516) 210-4798 View (516) 210-4798
Photo of Regina Bryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Regina Bryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
Greetings all. My name is Regina Bryan, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10+ years in mental health counseling. While I'm not wedded to any one particular theoretical model, I like to use an approach that integrates many disciplines to address mental health and psychosocial issues. A few of the models I use in therapy are Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered, Strengths Perspective, CBT, Motivation Interviewing, and Mindfulness, in addition to breathing and grounding exercises. My focus areas are Depression, Anxiety, SUD, and other forms of emotional/mental distress.
Greetings all. My name is Regina Bryan, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10+ years in mental health counseling. While I'm not wedded to any one particular theoretical model, I like to use an approach that integrates many disciplines to address mental health and psychosocial issues. A few of the models I use in therapy are Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered, Strengths Perspective, CBT, Motivation Interviewing, and Mindfulness, in addition to breathing and grounding exercises. My focus areas are Depression, Anxiety, SUD, and other forms of emotional/mental distress.
(914) 814-6430 View (914) 814-6430
Photo of Victoria Formosa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Victoria Formosa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Relationships that make us feel safe, understood and validated are necessary for growth. When we can trust that someone won’t judge us, we’re able to explore all parts of ourselves with them. Together with my clients, we create the safety in our relationship that encourages creativity, curiosity, and healing. With a foundation of trust, we can work on tuning into your needs and giving you the tools to get those needs met. Too often, we receive messages that tell us our experiences and boundaries are not valid. I look forward to challenging these messages together!
Relationships that make us feel safe, understood and validated are necessary for growth. When we can trust that someone won’t judge us, we’re able to explore all parts of ourselves with them. Together with my clients, we create the safety in our relationship that encourages creativity, curiosity, and healing. With a foundation of trust, we can work on tuning into your needs and giving you the tools to get those needs met. Too often, we receive messages that tell us our experiences and boundaries are not valid. I look forward to challenging these messages together!
(929) 299-2264 View (929) 299-2264
Photo of Stephanie A. Adler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Stephanie A. Adler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
I am internationally recognized for helping people break negative patterns and improve communication in their relationships. For over 35 years, I've led groups for eating disorder recovery & self-esteem enhancement. I have extensive experience working with individuals, couples and families challenged by depression, various forms of addictions, including co-dependency. I help people manage anger, stress and emotional struggles. With compassion and creativity, I actively engage with people to foster resilience, confidence and self-worth in order to mobilize their strengths, fortify their sense of value and embrace their life journey.
I am internationally recognized for helping people break negative patterns and improve communication in their relationships. For over 35 years, I've led groups for eating disorder recovery & self-esteem enhancement. I have extensive experience working with individuals, couples and families challenged by depression, various forms of addictions, including co-dependency. I help people manage anger, stress and emotional struggles. With compassion and creativity, I actively engage with people to foster resilience, confidence and self-worth in order to mobilize their strengths, fortify their sense of value and embrace their life journey.
(646) 495-9272 View (646) 495-9272
Photo of Libby Kessman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Libby Kessman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I want to help you empower yourself with love and self-acceptance. I approach the psychotherapy process in an interactive manner, and I view it as helping create new options. To this end, I integrate spontaneity and creativity in my work. I serve diverse populations, believing that "we are all more human than otherwise." My blog, Musings to Mull Over, accessible via this URL: musingstomullover.wordpress.com/, can give you a flavor of my approach and thinking. I welcome your comments and feedback on the site.
I want to help you empower yourself with love and self-acceptance. I approach the psychotherapy process in an interactive manner, and I view it as helping create new options. To this end, I integrate spontaneity and creativity in my work. I serve diverse populations, believing that "we are all more human than otherwise." My blog, Musings to Mull Over, accessible via this URL: musingstomullover.wordpress.com/, can give you a flavor of my approach and thinking. I welcome your comments and feedback on the site.
(646) 351-1748 View (646) 351-1748
Photo of Jennifer Hunter, Psychologist in New York, NY
Jennifer Hunter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Compassionate Collaboration ---- I am a Clinical Psychologist with over twenty years of experience as a psychotherapist. Our work together would focus on finding a deeper understanding of your thoughts and emotions in order to look for conflicts that are holding you back. Tolerating difficult feelings in therapy can help you to gain clarity and find more flexibility within yourself and help you to make healthy choices. Treatment could involve working directly to reduce symptoms, exploring the past, expressing difficult feelings, looking at parts of the self which are often denied, challenging personal blocks and examining relationship issues
Compassionate Collaboration ---- I am a Clinical Psychologist with over twenty years of experience as a psychotherapist. Our work together would focus on finding a deeper understanding of your thoughts and emotions in order to look for conflicts that are holding you back. Tolerating difficult feelings in therapy can help you to gain clarity and find more flexibility within yourself and help you to make healthy choices. Treatment could involve working directly to reduce symptoms, exploring the past, expressing difficult feelings, looking at parts of the self which are often denied, challenging personal blocks and examining relationship issues
(212) 886-1981 View (212) 886-1981
Photo of Sandoval Psychotherapy Consultation LCSW,PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sandoval Psychotherapy Consultation LCSW,PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SIFI, BSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
As a first-generation licensed social worker living in between two cultures, I understand having to navigate different worlds, live up to expectations to succeed and figure out life’s challenges on your own. Are you balancing work, family obligations, and major transitions? Are you struggling with work-life balance or becoming a new parent? I am here to help and support you along the way. You don’t have to navigate life alone. We need the support of others to help us get to where we want to be.
As a first-generation licensed social worker living in between two cultures, I understand having to navigate different worlds, live up to expectations to succeed and figure out life’s challenges on your own. Are you balancing work, family obligations, and major transitions? Are you struggling with work-life balance or becoming a new parent? I am here to help and support you along the way. You don’t have to navigate life alone. We need the support of others to help us get to where we want to be.
(718) 618-6851 View (718) 618-6851
Photo of Jakob Schnaidt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jakob Schnaidt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Whether you're facing relationship struggles, decision-making dilemmas, or a sense of disconnection from yourself or others, I offer concrete tools and compassionate support to help you find your way forward. Let's work together to uncover your strengths, untangle patterns that no longer serve you, and cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and your relationships. Your journey towards healing and empowerment starts here. I'm here to help you navigate both the complexities of your internal world and the complexities of living in this city.
Whether you're facing relationship struggles, decision-making dilemmas, or a sense of disconnection from yourself or others, I offer concrete tools and compassionate support to help you find your way forward. Let's work together to uncover your strengths, untangle patterns that no longer serve you, and cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and your relationships. Your journey towards healing and empowerment starts here. I'm here to help you navigate both the complexities of your internal world and the complexities of living in this city.
(929) 416-3632 View (929) 416-3632
Photo of Linda Libby Charlaff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Linda Libby Charlaff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, LCADC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005
Right now, you may feel confused or scared or a mix of emotions that you can’t understand. That’s okay, you’re only human, and we all need some help sometimes to deal with the challenges that life throws at us. The hardest part of healing is often making that first admission that you need help, and then accepting it when it is offered. I'm here to tell you that you are not alone... Hi, I'm Linda, and I'm here to help you. As a clinical social worker, I have spent 30 years treating clients with challenges such as mental illness, addictions, personality disorders and rebuilding relationships.
Right now, you may feel confused or scared or a mix of emotions that you can’t understand. That’s okay, you’re only human, and we all need some help sometimes to deal with the challenges that life throws at us. The hardest part of healing is often making that first admission that you need help, and then accepting it when it is offered. I'm here to tell you that you are not alone... Hi, I'm Linda, and I'm here to help you. As a clinical social worker, I have spent 30 years treating clients with challenges such as mental illness, addictions, personality disorders and rebuilding relationships.
(347) 970-7264 View (347) 970-7264
Photo of Rhea Fletcher in New York, NY
Rhea Fletcher
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
I work with individuals from all walks of life who are experiencing family issues, dealing with past trauma, navigating gender identity, work stress, and general life challenges. I also have experience working with clients who have struggled with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, and PTSD.
I work with individuals from all walks of life who are experiencing family issues, dealing with past trauma, navigating gender identity, work stress, and general life challenges. I also have experience working with clients who have struggled with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, and PTSD.
(332) 895-2997 View (332) 895-2997
Photo of Karen Chuck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Karen Chuck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW-R, Anaylst
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Do you feel overwhelmed, frustrated and anxious despite all the effort you put into your work and relationships? Do you feel confused or misunderstood in important relationships in your life or worry that you’re unworthy or falling behind? The days when you were joyful, creative and inspired feel far away. You yearn to reach a point where you feel understood, appreciated and fulfilled. You feel stuck and wonder if you can reach a better place. You know change is possible and I can help you on your journey.
Do you feel overwhelmed, frustrated and anxious despite all the effort you put into your work and relationships? Do you feel confused or misunderstood in important relationships in your life or worry that you’re unworthy or falling behind? The days when you were joyful, creative and inspired feel far away. You yearn to reach a point where you feel understood, appreciated and fulfilled. You feel stuck and wonder if you can reach a better place. You know change is possible and I can help you on your journey.
(914) 290-5637 View (914) 290-5637
Photo of Ruth Salen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ruth Salen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
My goal is to foster a collaborative environment to explore areas of your life where you may feel challenged, anxious and/or stuck, and to create new understandings that lead to curiosity, self-awareness, and self-compassion. Through this exploration we will identify old patterns of behavior and beliefs that have been limiting you and begin to move forward in your life. Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to expand your self-awareness, have better communication and more satisfaction.
My goal is to foster a collaborative environment to explore areas of your life where you may feel challenged, anxious and/or stuck, and to create new understandings that lead to curiosity, self-awareness, and self-compassion. Through this exploration we will identify old patterns of behavior and beliefs that have been limiting you and begin to move forward in your life. Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to expand your self-awareness, have better communication and more satisfaction.
(929) 295-5829 View (929) 295-5829
Photo of Dr. Monique A Lilakos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dr. Monique A Lilakos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
Great to meet you! Dr. Monique Lilakos, DSW, LCSW is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 24 years of experience. She works with individuals across the lifespan, with a focus on adolescents, young adults, and family therapy. Many of her clients have found great success managing life challenges. Dr. Monique is particularly sensitive to clients facing issues related to mental health, finding resources, anxiety, depression trauma, and family wellness. Dr. Monique’s approach is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Attachment Theory and Family Systems Theory.
Great to meet you! Dr. Monique Lilakos, DSW, LCSW is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 24 years of experience. She works with individuals across the lifespan, with a focus on adolescents, young adults, and family therapy. Many of her clients have found great success managing life challenges. Dr. Monique is particularly sensitive to clients facing issues related to mental health, finding resources, anxiety, depression trauma, and family wellness. Dr. Monique’s approach is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Attachment Theory and Family Systems Theory.
(518) 722-3861 View (518) 722-3861
Photo of Junhong (June) Cao, Psychologist in New York, NY
Junhong (June) Cao
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I invite you to schedule a free phone call for 15 minutes to answer your questions and concerns, discuss your insurance, and make a recommendation based on your needs. Whether you feel stuck, stressed, or unhappy for too long, I will assist you to identify your goals and figure out the way to change. I am a psychologist who speaks Chinese Mandarin and English in New York with more than 15 years of experience, I have the highest level of doctoral training to help people from different ethnic groups and LGBTQ+ community to overcome the challenges and live the best life possible.
I invite you to schedule a free phone call for 15 minutes to answer your questions and concerns, discuss your insurance, and make a recommendation based on your needs. Whether you feel stuck, stressed, or unhappy for too long, I will assist you to identify your goals and figure out the way to change. I am a psychologist who speaks Chinese Mandarin and English in New York with more than 15 years of experience, I have the highest level of doctoral training to help people from different ethnic groups and LGBTQ+ community to overcome the challenges and live the best life possible.
(347) 542-8226 View (347) 542-8226

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.