Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Maia Rosser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Maia Rosser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19123
I have a very rich and diverse professional experience spanning 20 years. My work is guided by this mantra “It’s the relationship that heals” Irvin Yalom. I am Maia Rosser, LMSW a graduate of University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Work.
I have a very rich and diverse professional experience spanning 20 years. My work is guided by this mantra “It’s the relationship that heals” Irvin Yalom. I am Maia Rosser, LMSW a graduate of University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Work.
(267) 692-8027 View (267) 692-8027
Photo of Penny Orr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Penny Orr
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, ATR-BC, ATCS, RPT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed or anxious? Through stress management, identity exploration, mindfulness, and active listening, I hope that I can help you to understand yourself better, love yourself more and manage your feelings and behaviors better. I use a combination of counseling, art therapy, play therapy, and pet therapy(depending on interest and age) to help you to be comfortable with the person that you are instead of the person you think you should be.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed or anxious? Through stress management, identity exploration, mindfulness, and active listening, I hope that I can help you to understand yourself better, love yourself more and manage your feelings and behaviors better. I use a combination of counseling, art therapy, play therapy, and pet therapy(depending on interest and age) to help you to be comfortable with the person that you are instead of the person you think you should be.
(843) 755-6390 View (843) 755-6390
Photo of Rebecca (Rowan) Levy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Rebecca (Rowan) Levy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, PC01569
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110  (Online Only)
You want something different, but it’s hard to motivate and place what that really is. You are sensitive, creative, queer, thoughtful, and full of so many thoughts. You likely have a habit of overextending yourself in the hopes of finding where you feel you belong. You see patterns in your relationships that you want to examine and change, and some part of you knows that you deserve a more satisfying life. Therapy is a non-judgmental space in which you can overcome familiar patterns by being witnessed and heard, and acquire tools to improve your relationship with yourself and others.
You want something different, but it’s hard to motivate and place what that really is. You are sensitive, creative, queer, thoughtful, and full of so many thoughts. You likely have a habit of overextending yourself in the hopes of finding where you feel you belong. You see patterns in your relationships that you want to examine and change, and some part of you knows that you deserve a more satisfying life. Therapy is a non-judgmental space in which you can overcome familiar patterns by being witnessed and heard, and acquire tools to improve your relationship with yourself and others.
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Photo of Lesley Paige Sagalow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Lesley Paige Sagalow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
At times, life can be painful, heartbreaking, and completely devastating. As we go through life, we are constantly exposed to reality gaps—the gaps between the reality we have and the reality we want. The larger the gap, often, the more unsettling the pain. I meet people where they are and help them work to meet their personal goals and values. I’m skilled at creating an environment in which individuals feel heard, understood, and affirmed, but also challenged. I have extensive experience working with adults and adolescents experiencing chronic depression, anxiety, attachment issues, and interpersonal relationship conflict.
At times, life can be painful, heartbreaking, and completely devastating. As we go through life, we are constantly exposed to reality gaps—the gaps between the reality we have and the reality we want. The larger the gap, often, the more unsettling the pain. I meet people where they are and help them work to meet their personal goals and values. I’m skilled at creating an environment in which individuals feel heard, understood, and affirmed, but also challenged. I have extensive experience working with adults and adolescents experiencing chronic depression, anxiety, attachment issues, and interpersonal relationship conflict.
(484) 430-3384 View (484) 430-3384
Photo of Wendy A Caplin, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Wendy A Caplin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as a unique, shared journey and the therapeutic relationship as essential for healing and change. I am a Licensed Psychologist and Certfied Filial therapists/trainer. I have extensive training in family/couple therapy, Gestalt therapy, mindfulness and sandtray therapies. I have worked in a wide variety of settings with adults, children, and teens (group private practice, schools, medical setting, state mental hospital, community mental health). I have been in private practice since 1991.
I view therapy as a unique, shared journey and the therapeutic relationship as essential for healing and change. I am a Licensed Psychologist and Certfied Filial therapists/trainer. I have extensive training in family/couple therapy, Gestalt therapy, mindfulness and sandtray therapies. I have worked in a wide variety of settings with adults, children, and teens (group private practice, schools, medical setting, state mental hospital, community mental health). I have been in private practice since 1991.
(215) 977-4297 View (215) 977-4297
Photo of Ashley Walters, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Ashley Walters
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
My name is Ashley and I'm a board certified art therapist and licensed professional counselor. I enjoy regular hikes, camping, creating art, and home cooked meals. I hope to support clients in finding ways to live their life to the fullest. If you had no more problems, what would your everyday look like? What has been barriers to achieving a more fulfilling life?
My name is Ashley and I'm a board certified art therapist and licensed professional counselor. I enjoy regular hikes, camping, creating art, and home cooked meals. I hope to support clients in finding ways to live their life to the fullest. If you had no more problems, what would your everyday look like? What has been barriers to achieving a more fulfilling life?
(484) 255-8443 View (484) 255-8443
Photo of Diana Wolovnick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Diana Wolovnick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Often people find themselves to be stuck or unhappy and they don't know how they got there. Or maybe there is a specific problem you're dealing with and you need an outside perspective and unbiased help working through it and getting back to a more comfortable and productive place. Sometimes it's helpful to just have a safe space to share what's going on inside your head. I consider therapy a natural and helpful extension of your regular daily life. My hope is that sessions with me are conversations and explorations into what you think about and what you want for yourself and your relationships.
Often people find themselves to be stuck or unhappy and they don't know how they got there. Or maybe there is a specific problem you're dealing with and you need an outside perspective and unbiased help working through it and getting back to a more comfortable and productive place. Sometimes it's helpful to just have a safe space to share what's going on inside your head. I consider therapy a natural and helpful extension of your regular daily life. My hope is that sessions with me are conversations and explorations into what you think about and what you want for yourself and your relationships.
(516) 495-9998 View (516) 495-9998
Photo of Julia Turner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Julia Turner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
If you're here that means you're ready to start the therapeutic process. Welcome! I am so excited your search brought you here. As we know, life comes with many challenges, together my clients and I will work through the challenges in a safe and welcoming environment. I promise to work hard to cultivate a safe and inclusive space for all, one where there is zero judgement and immense support and empathy. I look forward to meeting my clients where they are at and working with them to help them utilize their strengths so they can thrive in their day to day lives.
If you're here that means you're ready to start the therapeutic process. Welcome! I am so excited your search brought you here. As we know, life comes with many challenges, together my clients and I will work through the challenges in a safe and welcoming environment. I promise to work hard to cultivate a safe and inclusive space for all, one where there is zero judgement and immense support and empathy. I look forward to meeting my clients where they are at and working with them to help them utilize their strengths so they can thrive in their day to day lives.
(484) 613-3777 View (484) 613-3777
Photo of Courage To Grow Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Courage To Grow Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
Have you been struggling with concerns related to drug/alcohol use, your relationships (with yourself or with others), adoption or attachment issues, and/or gender/sexuality issues? Together we can work in a supportive, non-judgmental, and compassionate space to better understand yourself... why you may choose to do things, and cope in ways, that have been unproductive, problematic or even harmful to your wellbeing. Through mindfulness we can develop new skills that promote peace & serenity. I believe we can tap into your innate bravery and find your courage to grow! My practice is LGBTQIA* friendly and supportive for all people.
Have you been struggling with concerns related to drug/alcohol use, your relationships (with yourself or with others), adoption or attachment issues, and/or gender/sexuality issues? Together we can work in a supportive, non-judgmental, and compassionate space to better understand yourself... why you may choose to do things, and cope in ways, that have been unproductive, problematic or even harmful to your wellbeing. Through mindfulness we can develop new skills that promote peace & serenity. I believe we can tap into your innate bravery and find your courage to grow! My practice is LGBTQIA* friendly and supportive for all people.
(215) 544-2684 View (215) 544-2684
Photo of Kate Schwab, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kate Schwab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Here’s what you can expect if we work together: We'll create a treatment plan that prioritizes growth and healing at a pace that is manageable for you and your nervous system. We will work to build a relationship that feels nourishing and where your needs are actually being met. This creates sustainable results and builds safety and connection. We’ll implement tools for you that provide relief in the day to day as well as the long term. We’ll start where you’re at, and I’ll never push you to talk about something you’re not ready to talk about. Safety is the priority when we're working together.
Here’s what you can expect if we work together: We'll create a treatment plan that prioritizes growth and healing at a pace that is manageable for you and your nervous system. We will work to build a relationship that feels nourishing and where your needs are actually being met. This creates sustainable results and builds safety and connection. We’ll implement tools for you that provide relief in the day to day as well as the long term. We’ll start where you’re at, and I’ll never push you to talk about something you’re not ready to talk about. Safety is the priority when we're working together.
(267) 797-8982 View (267) 797-8982
Photo of Jennifer King, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer King
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My therapy style is warm, down-to-earth, and collaborative, with a little humor sprinkled in. I see therapy as a space where you should feel accepted, supported, and empowered to make changes. I use insight, strength-based approaches to help you gain a deeper understanding of your past and how it impacts your present relationships, both with yourself and others. Once we understand the origin of your problems, I can help you make more informed choices to create long-lasting solutions. Our work will help deepen your self-awareness, increase your resilience, improve your relationships, and enhance your overall fulfillment.
My therapy style is warm, down-to-earth, and collaborative, with a little humor sprinkled in. I see therapy as a space where you should feel accepted, supported, and empowered to make changes. I use insight, strength-based approaches to help you gain a deeper understanding of your past and how it impacts your present relationships, both with yourself and others. Once we understand the origin of your problems, I can help you make more informed choices to create long-lasting solutions. Our work will help deepen your self-awareness, increase your resilience, improve your relationships, and enhance your overall fulfillment.
(484) 559-6752 View (484) 559-6752
Photo of Artful Explorations Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Artful Explorations Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Artful Explorations Therapy is led by Kristen Rashid, a registered, board-certified art therapist who's been working with kids, teens, and adults in Philadelphia for over a decade. We offer support in navigating through a range of issues including generalized anxiety, social anxiety, adjustments, divorce, grief/loss, behavior difficulties, depression, and anger. We meet clients where they are and help them engage in the creative process of making art as a way to express themselves, increase insight, spark change, make connections, and develop coping and problem solving skills.
Artful Explorations Therapy is led by Kristen Rashid, a registered, board-certified art therapist who's been working with kids, teens, and adults in Philadelphia for over a decade. We offer support in navigating through a range of issues including generalized anxiety, social anxiety, adjustments, divorce, grief/loss, behavior difficulties, depression, and anger. We meet clients where they are and help them engage in the creative process of making art as a way to express themselves, increase insight, spark change, make connections, and develop coping and problem solving skills.
(267) 214-6416 View (267) 214-6416
Photo of Ronia Arabatlian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ronia Arabatlian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Grief is like the ocean; it comes in waves, ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm. and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn how to swim - Vicky Harrison. As a licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply committed to helping individuals find healing and resilience in the face of life's complexities. However, my passion truly comes to life in my work with mothers who are walking a path less traveled. Having personally journeyed through the landscape of raising a child with special needs, I understand the spectrum of emotions, uncertainties, and triumphs that you navigate each day.
Grief is like the ocean; it comes in waves, ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm. and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn how to swim - Vicky Harrison. As a licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply committed to helping individuals find healing and resilience in the face of life's complexities. However, my passion truly comes to life in my work with mothers who are walking a path less traveled. Having personally journeyed through the landscape of raising a child with special needs, I understand the spectrum of emotions, uncertainties, and triumphs that you navigate each day.
(484) 669-0510 View (484) 669-0510
Photo of Josué Martinéz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Josué Martinéz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I have experience working with individuals with trauma, abuse, anxiety, depression, self-image concerns, relationship hurdles, and religious trauma.
I have experience working with individuals with trauma, abuse, anxiety, depression, self-image concerns, relationship hurdles, and religious trauma.
(484) 562-6801 View (484) 562-6801
Photo of Laverne Hoffler-Duckworth, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Laverne Hoffler-Duckworth
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
My practice specializes in aiding individuals facing a range of challenges including self-esteem issues, substance abuse, bullying, anger management, and family conflicts. I tailor my therapeutic approach to each client's specific needs, drawing from person-centered therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing techniques. I firmly believe that true healing begins by confronting difficult life circumstances, addressing debilitating situations, and overcoming fears without succumbing to negative thought patterns that hinder progress.
My practice specializes in aiding individuals facing a range of challenges including self-esteem issues, substance abuse, bullying, anger management, and family conflicts. I tailor my therapeutic approach to each client's specific needs, drawing from person-centered therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing techniques. I firmly believe that true healing begins by confronting difficult life circumstances, addressing debilitating situations, and overcoming fears without succumbing to negative thought patterns that hinder progress.
(267) 729-9334 View (267) 729-9334
Photo of Leah Cash, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Leah Cash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122
My diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows me to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. My goal as a therapist is not only to provide guidance and support but to be a catalyst for positive change, empowering individuals to discover their inner resilience and lead fulfilling lives. Being a therapist is a commitment to understanding, empathy, and growth, with the unwavering belief that every individual has the potential for profound transformation.
My diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows me to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. My goal as a therapist is not only to provide guidance and support but to be a catalyst for positive change, empowering individuals to discover their inner resilience and lead fulfilling lives. Being a therapist is a commitment to understanding, empathy, and growth, with the unwavering belief that every individual has the potential for profound transformation.
(267) 551-6281 View (267) 551-6281
Photo of Anna Vresilovic, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Anna Vresilovic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
You want to feel secure and balanced in your life. You’re trying to navigate a complex working environment while being supportive at home. You yearn for more intimacy, understanding, and connection in your relationships. My therapeutic approach will move you towards the confident and caring person you strive to be, help you shed unhealthy habits and negative thought patterns, and establish healthy boundaries for yourself and others.
You want to feel secure and balanced in your life. You’re trying to navigate a complex working environment while being supportive at home. You yearn for more intimacy, understanding, and connection in your relationships. My therapeutic approach will move you towards the confident and caring person you strive to be, help you shed unhealthy habits and negative thought patterns, and establish healthy boundaries for yourself and others.
(484) 897-7302 View (484) 897-7302
Photo of Anita Devine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Anita Devine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
You are more than the painful experiences you have endured. You may feel triggered in everyday situations or feel alone and isolated. You may struggle with perfectionism, anxiety, or guilt. However, you have a sense of your life purpose — and long to live your life more authentically. You are ready for relief. You're ready to love who you truly are and face your future with a sense of hope. In our work together, you will gain a deeper respect for what makes you unique. Through connecting with your core, authentic self, you can experience greater ease, freedom, and self-acceptance.
You are more than the painful experiences you have endured. You may feel triggered in everyday situations or feel alone and isolated. You may struggle with perfectionism, anxiety, or guilt. However, you have a sense of your life purpose — and long to live your life more authentically. You are ready for relief. You're ready to love who you truly are and face your future with a sense of hope. In our work together, you will gain a deeper respect for what makes you unique. Through connecting with your core, authentic self, you can experience greater ease, freedom, and self-acceptance.
(215) 461-3925 View (215) 461-3925
Photo of Collaborative Healing LLC , Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Collaborative Healing LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19123
Hello, I’m Jonathan Toman. Thanks for visiting my profile. I realize you may be going through a tough time. Perhaps you’re experiencing a significant transition, a loss, or feelings you’re not sure how to deal with. This can be scary and difficult. Sometimes the hardest part is acknowledging the need for help. I have hope for you. I believe we all have the internal resources to heal and grow, and I would like to help you uncover this healing power within yourself.
Hello, I’m Jonathan Toman. Thanks for visiting my profile. I realize you may be going through a tough time. Perhaps you’re experiencing a significant transition, a loss, or feelings you’re not sure how to deal with. This can be scary and difficult. Sometimes the hardest part is acknowledging the need for help. I have hope for you. I believe we all have the internal resources to heal and grow, and I would like to help you uncover this healing power within yourself.
(267) 551-5860 View (267) 551-5860
Photo of Alyssa Hansen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Alyssa Hansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
I am an individual and family therapist who strives to create a non-judgmental and supportive therapeutic space for you to share your story. All humans experience stress, transitions, relationship difficulties, and mood changes, and I truly believe that therapy can help support healthy processing of life's ups and downs. Whether you are a new parent, a college student, or a person experiencing a loss, I am here to share in your journey.
I am an individual and family therapist who strives to create a non-judgmental and supportive therapeutic space for you to share your story. All humans experience stress, transitions, relationship difficulties, and mood changes, and I truly believe that therapy can help support healthy processing of life's ups and downs. Whether you are a new parent, a college student, or a person experiencing a loss, I am here to share in your journey.
(215) 352-5059 View (215) 352-5059

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.