Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Greg Rieger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Greg Rieger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Are you struggling and needing some help? You've already made the first important step. I work with clients who have problems in everyday living, including difficulties with anxiety, depression, panic and bipolar disorder. I've also worked with people who experience more serious problems like suicidal and self-harm thoughts and actions and impulsivity. I have 15 years of experience treating adults, adolescents and families, parents of adolescents and young adults, people struggling with grief and loss, and members of the LGBTQ+ population. Visit my web site at www.riegertherapy.com and please feel free to reach out.
Are you struggling and needing some help? You've already made the first important step. I work with clients who have problems in everyday living, including difficulties with anxiety, depression, panic and bipolar disorder. I've also worked with people who experience more serious problems like suicidal and self-harm thoughts and actions and impulsivity. I have 15 years of experience treating adults, adolescents and families, parents of adolescents and young adults, people struggling with grief and loss, and members of the LGBTQ+ population. Visit my web site at www.riegertherapy.com and please feel free to reach out.
(314) 936-2108 View (314) 936-2108
Photo of Michaela Kearney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Michaela Kearney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Whether it be little moments or big ones, it is my belief that we have all experienced some degree of trauma in life. No matter the degree, the impact on us can be significant. In trying to make sense of these experiences, we can all benefit from having witnesses to our experiences and pain. We are not meant to live life alone. For many this leads us to look for a therapist. As a therapist, but also just as a person, it is an honor each time I am invited to bear witness to someone else's story.
Whether it be little moments or big ones, it is my belief that we have all experienced some degree of trauma in life. No matter the degree, the impact on us can be significant. In trying to make sense of these experiences, we can all benefit from having witnesses to our experiences and pain. We are not meant to live life alone. For many this leads us to look for a therapist. As a therapist, but also just as a person, it is an honor each time I am invited to bear witness to someone else's story.
(314) 925-9105 View (314) 925-9105
Photo of Lisa Mottola Ernst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Lisa Mottola Ernst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
My goal is meet you in your struggle. Whether it’s grief, anxiety, loss, life transitions or relationship issues, we can work to navigate these difficult times together. The path can be windy often giving us unexpected challenges with little warning or preparation. Your thoughts, feelings, fears and hopes can be shared aloud in a safe space.
My goal is meet you in your struggle. Whether it’s grief, anxiety, loss, life transitions or relationship issues, we can work to navigate these difficult times together. The path can be windy often giving us unexpected challenges with little warning or preparation. Your thoughts, feelings, fears and hopes can be shared aloud in a safe space.
(314) 470-4503 View (314) 470-4503
Photo of Deborah R Meyerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Deborah R Meyerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
My professional strengths include a solid theoretical base, strong interpersonal skills and a thorough understanding of human behavior. Intelligence, experience, humor and humanity are all qualities which make me a very effective therapist. Clients and colleagues tell me I have an unusual degree of insight. I offer my insights to help individuals generate insights of their own. I actively address a client's presenting concerns with directness and support. When appropriate, I encourage deeper examination. My experience is that client self awareness reinforced with behavioral strategies accelerate therapy,helping people achieve greater and more immediate mastery.
My professional strengths include a solid theoretical base, strong interpersonal skills and a thorough understanding of human behavior. Intelligence, experience, humor and humanity are all qualities which make me a very effective therapist. Clients and colleagues tell me I have an unusual degree of insight. I offer my insights to help individuals generate insights of their own. I actively address a client's presenting concerns with directness and support. When appropriate, I encourage deeper examination. My experience is that client self awareness reinforced with behavioral strategies accelerate therapy,helping people achieve greater and more immediate mastery.
(833) 553-0362 View (833) 553-0362
Photo of Levi Levin, LPC Intern in Saint Louis, MO
Levi Levin
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Hey! I’m Levi. I invite you to take a moment in your search to exhale with me. I appreciate you finding your way to me today. What’s more, I appreciate the world you exist in right now. No matter your stage of life, or which part(s) of your internal and external worlds you want to discuss – I will arrive in gentle kindness to strategize with you toward digestible approaches to life problems. You need not have “one big issue” that brings you to our space. In the words of my favorite band, Yo La Tengo: “Let’s be undecided, let’s take our time; and sooner or later, we will know our mind.”
Hey! I’m Levi. I invite you to take a moment in your search to exhale with me. I appreciate you finding your way to me today. What’s more, I appreciate the world you exist in right now. No matter your stage of life, or which part(s) of your internal and external worlds you want to discuss – I will arrive in gentle kindness to strategize with you toward digestible approaches to life problems. You need not have “one big issue” that brings you to our space. In the words of my favorite band, Yo La Tengo: “Let’s be undecided, let’s take our time; and sooner or later, we will know our mind.”
(314) 866-9960 View (314) 866-9960
Photo of Jordan Langley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Jordan Langley
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
I approach therapy with intersectionality and diversity in the forefront of my mind. The therapy models that I gravitate toward are solution-focused and strength-based approaches. Both of these models allow me to serve all types of families and individuals through client led sessions to meet the therapy goals that we create together. I look forward to meeting with you and your family to navigate adversities together in a safe, welcoming and affirming space. I am an intern working under the supervision of Megan Garza, MA, LMFT license 2011011850 MO
I approach therapy with intersectionality and diversity in the forefront of my mind. The therapy models that I gravitate toward are solution-focused and strength-based approaches. Both of these models allow me to serve all types of families and individuals through client led sessions to meet the therapy goals that we create together. I look forward to meeting with you and your family to navigate adversities together in a safe, welcoming and affirming space. I am an intern working under the supervision of Megan Garza, MA, LMFT license 2011011850 MO
(314) 350-7482 View (314) 350-7482
Photo of Debra H Zand, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Debra H Zand
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Dr. Debra Zand, founder and co-owner of Midwest Psychological Services LLC, is a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with children and their families. She has particular expertise in conducting comprehensive psychological testing, as well as individual and family therapies. Dr. Zand uses an integrative, playful approach to conducting therapy She routinely see families to address: adoption issues, attachment, developmental trauma, anxiety, depression, parent-child relationship struggles, self-regulation difficulties, communication struggles, divorce, and remarriage.
Dr. Debra Zand, founder and co-owner of Midwest Psychological Services LLC, is a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with children and their families. She has particular expertise in conducting comprehensive psychological testing, as well as individual and family therapies. Dr. Zand uses an integrative, playful approach to conducting therapy She routinely see families to address: adoption issues, attachment, developmental trauma, anxiety, depression, parent-child relationship struggles, self-regulation difficulties, communication struggles, divorce, and remarriage.
(314) 858-8067 View (314) 858-8067
Photo of Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63110  (Online Only)
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
(314) 936-4122 View (314) 936-4122
Jean Caine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Jean Stanton Caine, LCSW, LMFT, a Menninger trained family therapist, specializes in many issues affecting individuals and families i.e.: grief, illness, sexual and physical abuse, marital stress, child and adolescent problems. She has an eclectic researched approach in her family practice using both short term and long-term therapy. Jean has been in practice for 25 years. She has been past president on St. Louis MAMFT board and the Missouri board of Family Therapy. She has taught for 20 years at Washington University. Jean does accept most insurance plans.
Jean Stanton Caine, LCSW, LMFT, a Menninger trained family therapist, specializes in many issues affecting individuals and families i.e.: grief, illness, sexual and physical abuse, marital stress, child and adolescent problems. She has an eclectic researched approach in her family practice using both short term and long-term therapy. Jean has been in practice for 25 years. She has been past president on St. Louis MAMFT board and the Missouri board of Family Therapy. She has taught for 20 years at Washington University. Jean does accept most insurance plans.
(314) 828-2601 View (314) 828-2601
Photo of Ingrid Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ingrid Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63112
Therapy should be a place where you feel safe to divulge your darkest secrets while knowing that the person that you confide in, will not only support your journey of self-improvement and healing but help guide you like a beacon in the sea or a flashlight when it’s dark. And because of this, we think that finding the RIGHT therapist is one of the most crucial parts of the therapeutic process... I work to help you solve a variety of issues and welcome and host safe spaces for active duty /retired veterans and their dependents, college students, LGBTQ+, POC, and older adults.
Therapy should be a place where you feel safe to divulge your darkest secrets while knowing that the person that you confide in, will not only support your journey of self-improvement and healing but help guide you like a beacon in the sea or a flashlight when it’s dark. And because of this, we think that finding the RIGHT therapist is one of the most crucial parts of the therapeutic process... I work to help you solve a variety of issues and welcome and host safe spaces for active duty /retired veterans and their dependents, college students, LGBTQ+, POC, and older adults.
(314) 207-5183 View (314) 207-5183
Photo of Raymond T Fezzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Raymond T Fezzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63123
Not accepting new clients
My name is Raymond Fezzi and my office is conveniently located 1/2 mile northwest of Hwy I-55 in the South County area. I offer a range of services, including assessment and therapy for individuals seeking help for relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety disorders, and addictions. I make every attempt to make your first visit comfortable by answering any questions when calling for an initial appointment, and by helping you to clarify your needs and goals for treatment.
My name is Raymond Fezzi and my office is conveniently located 1/2 mile northwest of Hwy I-55 in the South County area. I offer a range of services, including assessment and therapy for individuals seeking help for relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety disorders, and addictions. I make every attempt to make your first visit comfortable by answering any questions when calling for an initial appointment, and by helping you to clarify your needs and goals for treatment.
(314) 227-9266 View (314) 227-9266
Photo of Peter Maynor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Peter Maynor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Waitlist for new clients
If you are motivated to grow as an individual or as a couple, face challenging realities, and develop a growth mentality, or if you need to recover from harm, work through grief, and move toward wholeness and wellbeing, this could be the right therapeutic fit for you. If you feel stuck, unsatisfied, anxious, or discouraged, we can work through your struggles. If your relationship is in jeopardy or you just want to take it to the next level of connection, this is the right place for you. Lastly, to recent graduates looking for supervision, I've enjoyed supervising many therapists over the years and would be happy to discuss fitting.
If you are motivated to grow as an individual or as a couple, face challenging realities, and develop a growth mentality, or if you need to recover from harm, work through grief, and move toward wholeness and wellbeing, this could be the right therapeutic fit for you. If you feel stuck, unsatisfied, anxious, or discouraged, we can work through your struggles. If your relationship is in jeopardy or you just want to take it to the next level of connection, this is the right place for you. Lastly, to recent graduates looking for supervision, I've enjoyed supervising many therapists over the years and would be happy to discuss fitting.
(314) 207-3168 View (314) 207-3168
Photo of Cathy Luebbering, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Cathy Luebbering
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
I work with those who are courageously facing pain and trauma in their lives. Perhaps you wonder if you can look at your own experiences... Maybe you fear being overwhelmed if you dare look. You may be thinking anxiety will overwhelm you. It need not be this way. Allow me to journey with you as you explore the questions tugging at you. You need not face them alone. Support is here; it is real. You CAN face these challenges, and you need not face them alone in the silence of your heart. Reach out now for the support you deserve.
I work with those who are courageously facing pain and trauma in their lives. Perhaps you wonder if you can look at your own experiences... Maybe you fear being overwhelmed if you dare look. You may be thinking anxiety will overwhelm you. It need not be this way. Allow me to journey with you as you explore the questions tugging at you. You need not face them alone. Support is here; it is real. You CAN face these challenges, and you need not face them alone in the silence of your heart. Reach out now for the support you deserve.
(314) 309-3431 View (314) 309-3431
Photo of Hannah Campbell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hannah Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63130
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
(314) 675-7902 View (314) 675-7902
Alan Reeves
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
(314) 208-2815 View (314) 208-2815
Photo of Krystal Schuette, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Krystal Schuette
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
Are you struggling because of something that happened in the recent or distant past? Have you experienced something traumatic like abuse, combat, physical violence, rape or robbery? Do you view the world negatively? Have you re-experienced the past or feel like 'it's happening all over again"? Do you avoid things you used to do for fear of being reminded of the past? Do you hate when people bring it up? You may be struggling with trauma triggers.
Are you struggling because of something that happened in the recent or distant past? Have you experienced something traumatic like abuse, combat, physical violence, rape or robbery? Do you view the world negatively? Have you re-experienced the past or feel like 'it's happening all over again"? Do you avoid things you used to do for fear of being reminded of the past? Do you hate when people bring it up? You may be struggling with trauma triggers.
(314) 310-2738 View (314) 310-2738
Photo of Maria Kuhn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Maria Kuhn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, RSAP
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
I started to work in the Psychology field in 1989. I have experience in counseling many different clients from several different backgrounds. I provided personal counseling for employees, individual and group counseling for adolescents an adults. Currently, I provide Couples/Marriage Counseling and Individual Counseling for adults. I hold a BA in Psychology, and earned my Masters degree in Community Counseling from the University of Missouri-St.Louis.
I started to work in the Psychology field in 1989. I have experience in counseling many different clients from several different backgrounds. I provided personal counseling for employees, individual and group counseling for adolescents an adults. Currently, I provide Couples/Marriage Counseling and Individual Counseling for adults. I hold a BA in Psychology, and earned my Masters degree in Community Counseling from the University of Missouri-St.Louis.
(636) 486-3608 View (636) 486-3608
Photo of Kara Lynne Ressel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kara Lynne Ressel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
(636) 205-2391 View (636) 205-2391
Photo of Jasmin Maurer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Jasmin Maurer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Clients work best with me when their goal is to strengthen relationships, when they feel stuck in relationship patterns that are no longer serving them, as they are navigating systems of oppression and questioning dominate narratives, and developing possibility models of what self-compassion healing could be.
Clients work best with me when their goal is to strengthen relationships, when they feel stuck in relationship patterns that are no longer serving them, as they are navigating systems of oppression and questioning dominate narratives, and developing possibility models of what self-compassion healing could be.
(314) 230-9397 View (314) 230-9397
Photo of Ashley Bonner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ashley Bonner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63101  (Online Only)
I’m Ashley, a trauma-informed therapist in St. Louis, Missouri, with a passion for supporting individuals and families. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Washington University in St. Louis’ George Warren Brown School of Social Work, where my concentration was children, youth and families. My therapeutic methods include Play Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness practices. I’m also working toward play therapy certification. I believe every human being has the power within to overcome fear, anxiety and other obstacles preventing us from reaching our full potential.
I’m Ashley, a trauma-informed therapist in St. Louis, Missouri, with a passion for supporting individuals and families. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Washington University in St. Louis’ George Warren Brown School of Social Work, where my concentration was children, youth and families. My therapeutic methods include Play Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness practices. I’m also working toward play therapy certification. I believe every human being has the power within to overcome fear, anxiety and other obstacles preventing us from reaching our full potential.
(314) 804-1817 View (314) 804-1817

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$128

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.