Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Christina Fields, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Christina Fields
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for visiting my page! I know how hard this first step can be, seeking and asking for help. I have a passion for working with anyone struggling with life transitions, and specialize partnering with females/female-identifying individuals who are managing complex family dynamics, peer relationships, addictions, trauma, or simply the challenges of growth. I strive to provide a judgement-free space for processing life's struggles and questions, while gently guiding and challenging, as needed.
Hello and thank you for visiting my page! I know how hard this first step can be, seeking and asking for help. I have a passion for working with anyone struggling with life transitions, and specialize partnering with females/female-identifying individuals who are managing complex family dynamics, peer relationships, addictions, trauma, or simply the challenges of growth. I strive to provide a judgement-free space for processing life's struggles and questions, while gently guiding and challenging, as needed.
(617) 882-7530 View (617) 882-7530
Photo of Danielle Forbes, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Danielle Forbes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Waitlist for new clients
As a clinical psychologist, my goal is to support you, wherever you may be in your life. My individual work with adults has focused on finding meaning and balance, while supporting mental health needs. I work with children to address social and mental health issues, and I also attend to the child-caregiver connection.
As a clinical psychologist, my goal is to support you, wherever you may be in your life. My individual work with adults has focused on finding meaning and balance, while supporting mental health needs. I work with children to address social and mental health issues, and I also attend to the child-caregiver connection.
(857) 626-9404 View (857) 626-9404
Photo of David Goldfinger, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
David Goldfinger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
My practice is devoted to helping people overcome challenges and live with a greater sense of personal agency. The process requires an openness to examining habitual patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that - while once adaptive - may now be limiting growth, hindering relationships, and causing anxiety or depression. My approach is active and engaged. In addition to providing individual therapy, I also specialize in working with couples and leading groups.
My practice is devoted to helping people overcome challenges and live with a greater sense of personal agency. The process requires an openness to examining habitual patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that - while once adaptive - may now be limiting growth, hindering relationships, and causing anxiety or depression. My approach is active and engaged. In addition to providing individual therapy, I also specialize in working with couples and leading groups.
(857) 239-0019 View (857) 239-0019
Photo of Dr. Michael Stokes Certified Sex Therapist, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Dr. Michael Stokes Certified Sex Therapist
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CST
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Do you find yourself wanting more our of your sex life? Perhaps greater intimacy with your partner(s)? I am a sex therapist who works with folx of all genders and sexual orientations. I can treat porn addiction, sex addiction, sexual dysfunctions, and other types of sexual intimacy difficulties. Let's face it, finding a therapist who can connect with can be a daunting process. You want someone who is easy to talk to, knowledgeable, and someone you can trust. I have worked with thousands of clients who are looking to improve their sex life and increase intimacy within their relationships.
Do you find yourself wanting more our of your sex life? Perhaps greater intimacy with your partner(s)? I am a sex therapist who works with folx of all genders and sexual orientations. I can treat porn addiction, sex addiction, sexual dysfunctions, and other types of sexual intimacy difficulties. Let's face it, finding a therapist who can connect with can be a daunting process. You want someone who is easy to talk to, knowledgeable, and someone you can trust. I have worked with thousands of clients who are looking to improve their sex life and increase intimacy within their relationships.
(508) 286-7944 View (508) 286-7944
Photo of Maria Rossiter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Maria Rossiter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Therapy can be a space for growth, understanding, and fulfillment. People seek therapy for many different reasons. You may be looking for support navigating a big life change, making sense of traumatic experiences or memories, working through anxiety or fears that are impacting your life, or figuring out what exactly is holding you back from feeling like your best self. Whatever you are hoping to achieve with therapy, you are not alone.
Therapy can be a space for growth, understanding, and fulfillment. People seek therapy for many different reasons. You may be looking for support navigating a big life change, making sense of traumatic experiences or memories, working through anxiety or fears that are impacting your life, or figuring out what exactly is holding you back from feeling like your best self. Whatever you are hoping to achieve with therapy, you are not alone.
(929) 203-5108 View (929) 203-5108
Photo of Sophie Hans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(857) 578-1647 View (857) 578-1647
Photo of Purnima Sahgal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Purnima Sahgal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Our unique life experiences influence how we relate to ourselves, and others. This is the lived lens through which we approach problems. We all have latent capabilities and skills to overcome challenges, but may find it hard to access them. It can be very helpful to speak with an objective person to gain insight and a better understanding of oneself. I work from an empowerment model, with a compassionate approach. I endeavor to build a therapeutic relationship founded on equality, trust and safety to achieve mutually agreed upon goals.
Our unique life experiences influence how we relate to ourselves, and others. This is the lived lens through which we approach problems. We all have latent capabilities and skills to overcome challenges, but may find it hard to access them. It can be very helpful to speak with an objective person to gain insight and a better understanding of oneself. I work from an empowerment model, with a compassionate approach. I endeavor to build a therapeutic relationship founded on equality, trust and safety to achieve mutually agreed upon goals.
(857) 344-1475 View (857) 344-1475
Photo of Cora Spillman, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Cora Spillman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients - evening availability (April 2024). Cora is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts who has several years of diverse experience partnering with children, families and adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, goal-oriented work, self-esteem challenges, major life transitions, and trauma related issues. She has had the privilege to work in a variety of settings including schools, crisis stabilization, in-home behavioral therapy, and intensive care coordination. Cora completed her BA in Psychology and her MA in Clinical Psychology from Assumption College.
Currently accepting new clients - evening availability (April 2024). Cora is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts who has several years of diverse experience partnering with children, families and adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, goal-oriented work, self-esteem challenges, major life transitions, and trauma related issues. She has had the privilege to work in a variety of settings including schools, crisis stabilization, in-home behavioral therapy, and intensive care coordination. Cora completed her BA in Psychology and her MA in Clinical Psychology from Assumption College.
(617) 326-3498 View (617) 326-3498
Photo of Mack Sushchyk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Mack Sushchyk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
What is it like to be you? My approach lies in creating a meaningful and authentic relationship with my client where there is security and openness to fully explore areas of difficulty, pain, joy, and growth. Together, we can address concerns surrounding anxiety and mood, coping strategies, identity and self-worth, disconnection, and transition/loss that may be impacting wellbeing. I aim to help others cultivate a greater understanding of and compassion for themselves, increase the ability to make choices and try new ways of being, and make changes that reflect core values and aspirations.
What is it like to be you? My approach lies in creating a meaningful and authentic relationship with my client where there is security and openness to fully explore areas of difficulty, pain, joy, and growth. Together, we can address concerns surrounding anxiety and mood, coping strategies, identity and self-worth, disconnection, and transition/loss that may be impacting wellbeing. I aim to help others cultivate a greater understanding of and compassion for themselves, increase the ability to make choices and try new ways of being, and make changes that reflect core values and aspirations.
(415) 962-3876 View (415) 962-3876
Photo of Daniell Cohen Bertagnolli, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Daniell Cohen Bertagnolli
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Availability (Tues and Thurs). I work with adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, trauma, fertility and postpartum issues, life transitions, and relational stressors. My experience encompasses diverse patient populations in a variety of settings, including inpatient and partial levels of care, domestic violence shelters, community centers, and outpatient services, and I draw on these experiences in aligning my approach to the needs of each individual client. In addition to being a therapist, I am a yoga teacher and integrate that discipline’s emphasis on mindfulness and life balance into my therapeutic approach.
Availability (Tues and Thurs). I work with adults seeking help with depression, anxiety, trauma, fertility and postpartum issues, life transitions, and relational stressors. My experience encompasses diverse patient populations in a variety of settings, including inpatient and partial levels of care, domestic violence shelters, community centers, and outpatient services, and I draw on these experiences in aligning my approach to the needs of each individual client. In addition to being a therapist, I am a yoga teacher and integrate that discipline’s emphasis on mindfulness and life balance into my therapeutic approach.
(617) 941-3032 View (617) 941-3032
Photo of Elizabeth Muller, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Muller
Counselor, EdM, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
My work with adolescents, families, and adults spans over twenty years. I believe in the innate strengths within people while also appreciating the need for assistance during the challenges and losses presented throughout life. Working from a relational model and believing that the present moment offers potential for new growth and healing, I am honored to be present for each client as they achieve their desired goals. By co-creating a therapeutic relationship based on trust and authenticity, I assist individuals in reaching their highest potentials.
My work with adolescents, families, and adults spans over twenty years. I believe in the innate strengths within people while also appreciating the need for assistance during the challenges and losses presented throughout life. Working from a relational model and believing that the present moment offers potential for new growth and healing, I am honored to be present for each client as they achieve their desired goals. By co-creating a therapeutic relationship based on trust and authenticity, I assist individuals in reaching their highest potentials.
(617) 307-7800 View (617) 307-7800
Photo of Jessica Baker, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Jessica Baker
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all struggle with something - our work, our relationships, even ourselves. Often, we are not aware of the obstacles keeping us from living a satisfying life. Asking for guidance can be scary or intimidating, but why suffer alone? Therapeutic work can provide a secure environment to discover creative solutions to life’s frustrations and become aware of our unconscious mind.
We all struggle with something - our work, our relationships, even ourselves. Often, we are not aware of the obstacles keeping us from living a satisfying life. Asking for guidance can be scary or intimidating, but why suffer alone? Therapeutic work can provide a secure environment to discover creative solutions to life’s frustrations and become aware of our unconscious mind.
(617) 415-4362 View (617) 415-4362
Photo of Claire Blood-Deschamps, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Claire Blood-Deschamps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Does life right now seem difficult, confusing, overwhelming? Do you feel empty, or stuck? Have you experienced a painful loss? Are you dealing with a life transition, wishing to achieve something new without knowing how to move forward? Do you long for a relationship? Or is the relationship you have contentious, troubled or unfulfilling? I will work closely and collaboratively with you-whether an individual or couple-to examine what is troubling you, to understand and unravel repetitive, unproductive behavior patterns, to help you move forward into change that promotes growth, relieves painful symptoms and limitations, and creates a new sense of expansion and choice.
Does life right now seem difficult, confusing, overwhelming? Do you feel empty, or stuck? Have you experienced a painful loss? Are you dealing with a life transition, wishing to achieve something new without knowing how to move forward? Do you long for a relationship? Or is the relationship you have contentious, troubled or unfulfilling? I will work closely and collaboratively with you-whether an individual or couple-to examine what is troubling you, to understand and unravel repetitive, unproductive behavior patterns, to help you move forward into change that promotes growth, relieves painful symptoms and limitations, and creates a new sense of expansion and choice.
(617) 340-7166 View (617) 340-7166
Photo of Maya Hanelin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Maya Hanelin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
Helping people live a life of authenticity and ease is at the heart of my work. We all need a safe and supportive place to feel heard, move through challenges and develop insight. I meet my clients where they are and encourage them toward their goals with compassion, hope, and kindness. On this therapeutic journey we learn to identify and embrace strengths, integrate new skills and self-understanding, and come into a deeper knowing of ourselves.
Helping people live a life of authenticity and ease is at the heart of my work. We all need a safe and supportive place to feel heard, move through challenges and develop insight. I meet my clients where they are and encourage them toward their goals with compassion, hope, and kindness. On this therapeutic journey we learn to identify and embrace strengths, integrate new skills and self-understanding, and come into a deeper knowing of ourselves.
(617) 701-7527 View (617) 701-7527
Photo of Isabelle Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Isabelle Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141  (Online Only)
Isabelle Scott is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 6 years of experience working in a psychiatric hospital, conducting short and long term individual psychotherapy, and working with the unhoused.
Isabelle Scott is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 6 years of experience working in a psychiatric hospital, conducting short and long term individual psychotherapy, and working with the unhoused.
(617) 295-7622 View (617) 295-7622
Photo of Betsy Hinden, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Betsy Hinden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02140
I am a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I use primarily relational and psycho-dynamic approaches to help people understand and make meaning of current conflicts and difficulties and to develop a compassionate narrative in relation to these difficulties. My focus is on supporting desired changes and the capacity to live a more fulfilling, self-determined life. Mindfulness and acceptance practices are an integral part of my work.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I use primarily relational and psycho-dynamic approaches to help people understand and make meaning of current conflicts and difficulties and to develop a compassionate narrative in relation to these difficulties. My focus is on supporting desired changes and the capacity to live a more fulfilling, self-determined life. Mindfulness and acceptance practices are an integral part of my work.
(857) 777-5652 View (857) 777-5652
Photo of Gretchen Davidson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Gretchen Davidson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
My therapy approach is rooted in psychodynamic and relational theories. I also incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and other therapeutic approaches to meet my clients’ unique needs. I believe in each person’s potential for healing and empowerment, informing my approach to building a supportive and open therapeutic relationship. Self-understanding and healing can be facilitated by exploring the varied forces that shape us, including familial, cultural, societal, and historical experiences.
My therapy approach is rooted in psychodynamic and relational theories. I also incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and other therapeutic approaches to meet my clients’ unique needs. I believe in each person’s potential for healing and empowerment, informing my approach to building a supportive and open therapeutic relationship. Self-understanding and healing can be facilitated by exploring the varied forces that shape us, including familial, cultural, societal, and historical experiences.
(508) 719-7470 View (508) 719-7470
Photo of Amy Fingland, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Amy Fingland
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in the treatment of traumatic stress and dissociation. Trauma can have a multifaceted effect on the human body and mind. Whether you are struggling with the emotional, behavioral, physiological and/or cognitive dysregulation that can often accompany traumatic stress, I can help. I have over ten years of experience treating and helping individuals impacted by symptoms associated with Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorders, including but not limited to depression, dissociation, depersonalization, derealization, anxiety, a negative sense of self, and/or difficulty in relationships.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in the treatment of traumatic stress and dissociation. Trauma can have a multifaceted effect on the human body and mind. Whether you are struggling with the emotional, behavioral, physiological and/or cognitive dysregulation that can often accompany traumatic stress, I can help. I have over ten years of experience treating and helping individuals impacted by symptoms associated with Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorders, including but not limited to depression, dissociation, depersonalization, derealization, anxiety, a negative sense of self, and/or difficulty in relationships.
(617) 580-5299 View (617) 580-5299
Photo of Claire Elwyn, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Claire Elwyn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
My ideal client is someone who demonstrates a genuine interest in change and personal growth. This individual is open to self-reflection and exploration, recognizing the significance of understanding past behaviors and patterns as a means to foster positive transformation. My ideal client values the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and sees me as a supportive guide in navigating the complexities of their emotional landscape. This client is committed to embracing change, recognizing that self-awareness and an understanding of past behaviors are essential components in cultivating a healthier and more fulfilling life.
My ideal client is someone who demonstrates a genuine interest in change and personal growth. This individual is open to self-reflection and exploration, recognizing the significance of understanding past behaviors and patterns as a means to foster positive transformation. My ideal client values the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and sees me as a supportive guide in navigating the complexities of their emotional landscape. This client is committed to embracing change, recognizing that self-awareness and an understanding of past behaviors are essential components in cultivating a healthier and more fulfilling life.
(857) 575-5177 View (857) 575-5177
Photo of Jennifer Pfeiffer, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Jennifer Pfeiffer
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is to help clients identify, understand, and ultimately change the areas in their lives that have contributed to emotional and relationship pain. I deeply believe that to have the breakthrough we need in current relationships we must understand our history and how it profoundly colors and impacts us as adults. Once we learn to own our history, it no longer owns us. I work with those struggling with childhood trauma, PTSD, complex grief, depression, and relationship issues.
My approach to therapy is to help clients identify, understand, and ultimately change the areas in their lives that have contributed to emotional and relationship pain. I deeply believe that to have the breakthrough we need in current relationships we must understand our history and how it profoundly colors and impacts us as adults. Once we learn to own our history, it no longer owns us. I work with those struggling with childhood trauma, PTSD, complex grief, depression, and relationship issues.
(617) 915-2579 View (617) 915-2579

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.