Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of Shereen Breuer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Shereen Breuer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85003
Not accepting new clients
I want to meet you wherever you are on your life's journey and assist you in moving seamlessly and effortlessly towards your next juncture. I am fully committed to providing psychotherapy to adults who are grappling with depression, anxiety, and trauma. Additionally, I offer psychedelic integration therapy to adults who have had non-ordinary experiences from psychedelics, ketamine, plant medicines, meditation and breathwork.
I want to meet you wherever you are on your life's journey and assist you in moving seamlessly and effortlessly towards your next juncture. I am fully committed to providing psychotherapy to adults who are grappling with depression, anxiety, and trauma. Additionally, I offer psychedelic integration therapy to adults who have had non-ordinary experiences from psychedelics, ketamine, plant medicines, meditation and breathwork.
(602) 786-5649 View (602) 786-5649
Photo of Kelly Rau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Kelly Rau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013
I believe therapy is an opportunity to be compassionately curious about ourselves – to reflect on our experiences, patterns, losses, traumas, and relationships, and consider how they impact our wellbeing and our sense of self. I want to support you in your process of tending to the pieces of yourself and your story that often feel sticky or unapproachable and offer a space to explore ways to find peace and a sense of grounding. If you’re going through a major loss, experiencing anxiety/depression or noticing patterns in your relationships, I am here to witness your insights and strengthen your connection to self.
I believe therapy is an opportunity to be compassionately curious about ourselves – to reflect on our experiences, patterns, losses, traumas, and relationships, and consider how they impact our wellbeing and our sense of self. I want to support you in your process of tending to the pieces of yourself and your story that often feel sticky or unapproachable and offer a space to explore ways to find peace and a sense of grounding. If you’re going through a major loss, experiencing anxiety/depression or noticing patterns in your relationships, I am here to witness your insights and strengthen your connection to self.
(480) 372-9435 View (480) 372-9435
Photo of Dr. Andi Fetzner, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Andi Fetzner
Counselor, PsyD
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
If you are tired of carrying around old stuff and are feeling stuck or lost on this journey of life, you are not alone. Whether you're anxious, depressed, frozen, or something else, you might be stuck in an old habit or pattern that is no longer serving you. You are looking for support to feel better and you have found it. There is hope!
If you are tired of carrying around old stuff and are feeling stuck or lost on this journey of life, you are not alone. Whether you're anxious, depressed, frozen, or something else, you might be stuck in an old habit or pattern that is no longer serving you. You are looking for support to feel better and you have found it. There is hope!
(623) 257-5907 View (623) 257-5907
Photo of Rustin Foster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Rustin Foster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85003
Society’s rigid rules produce trauma not only when we experience disaster, but also when denied the opportunity to develop our identities. Whether LGBTQ+, neurodiverse, racial minority, or living with trauma or disease, we stumble through the world, learning to anticipate constant challenge and new ways to be hurt. When others speak of fond memories, we recall the effort we put into masking through it. When memories are too painful, we try to forget them – but they stay with us, hiding below our conscious mind where they wreak havoc on our bodies, creating chronic pain, addiction, mental illness and disease.
Society’s rigid rules produce trauma not only when we experience disaster, but also when denied the opportunity to develop our identities. Whether LGBTQ+, neurodiverse, racial minority, or living with trauma or disease, we stumble through the world, learning to anticipate constant challenge and new ways to be hurt. When others speak of fond memories, we recall the effort we put into masking through it. When memories are too painful, we try to forget them – but they stay with us, hiding below our conscious mind where they wreak havoc on our bodies, creating chronic pain, addiction, mental illness and disease.
(602) 783-8171 View (602) 783-8171
Photo of Logan Denny, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Logan Denny
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
(623) 210-6199 View (623) 210-6199
Photo of Taegan Elmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Taegan Elmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Licensed in AZ and CO. TeleHealth appts available for Colorado based clients. TeleHealth and In-Person available for Arizona based clients. I am deeply passionate about working with emerging LGBTQ+ adults who are questioning or integrating their identities and sexualities. I work with young and helping professionals who feel stuck in their job, are questioning their career path, or who may love their career but feel paralyzed by anxiety or fear of not being enough. Most importantly, I work with you. I strive to create a space and path forward that feels uniquely tailored for you.
Licensed in AZ and CO. TeleHealth appts available for Colorado based clients. TeleHealth and In-Person available for Arizona based clients. I am deeply passionate about working with emerging LGBTQ+ adults who are questioning or integrating their identities and sexualities. I work with young and helping professionals who feel stuck in their job, are questioning their career path, or who may love their career but feel paralyzed by anxiety or fear of not being enough. Most importantly, I work with you. I strive to create a space and path forward that feels uniquely tailored for you.
(520) 214-2691 View (520) 214-2691
Photo of Diana E Rosen, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Diana E Rosen
Counselor, MS, LAC, IOPsych
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85013
Diana believes in a holistic, mind, body, spirit, model of therapy. My practice focuses on therapy for adults and couples. Diana is a bilingual Spanish/English counselor. Holistic counselors look at a client’s presenting symptoms and issues and evaluate how the physical body is involved and affected with the goal of facilitating a sense of mental and physical well-being. Assisting individuals to learn self-understanding and awareness.
Diana believes in a holistic, mind, body, spirit, model of therapy. My practice focuses on therapy for adults and couples. Diana is a bilingual Spanish/English counselor. Holistic counselors look at a client’s presenting symptoms and issues and evaluate how the physical body is involved and affected with the goal of facilitating a sense of mental and physical well-being. Assisting individuals to learn self-understanding and awareness.
(480) 660-0239 View (480) 660-0239
Photo of Casey Moran in Phoenix, AZ
Casey Moran
BA, TPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85054
Would you like to take control of your life, instead of it controlling you? Do you have a good life, but know there's something more? Are you struggling to tap into your full potential? I will show you how to take back control, find that missing something and reach your full potential! I'm very flexible and if we are a good fit...I will do what I can to make sure to customize something that works.
Would you like to take control of your life, instead of it controlling you? Do you have a good life, but know there's something more? Are you struggling to tap into your full potential? I will show you how to take back control, find that missing something and reach your full potential! I'm very flexible and if we are a good fit...I will do what I can to make sure to customize something that works.
(602) 459-9705 View (602) 459-9705
Photo of Dr. Tricia Groff, Executive Coach - High Achievers, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Tricia Groff, Executive Coach - High Achievers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85022
Board-licensed psychologist who combines business and psychology to provide executive coaching and advisement to Founders, CEOs, senior executives, and their teams. My clients are High Achievers who seek ongoing excellence. Many have backgrounds in engineering, finance, technology, healthcare, or law; however, their personalities are the common denominator. Intellectually, they are analytical, ambitious, opinionated, and open-minded. They are fun, kind, and dedicated people of high integrity.
Board-licensed psychologist who combines business and psychology to provide executive coaching and advisement to Founders, CEOs, senior executives, and their teams. My clients are High Achievers who seek ongoing excellence. Many have backgrounds in engineering, finance, technology, healthcare, or law; however, their personalities are the common denominator. Intellectually, they are analytical, ambitious, opinionated, and open-minded. They are fun, kind, and dedicated people of high integrity.
(623) 343-7585 View (623) 343-7585
Photo of Francesca Marie Mirizio, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Francesca Marie Mirizio
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044  (Online Only)
I can work with you as an ally during the most difficult phases of your life. You set the goals for change, and I will help guide you to reach them. I also have a great understanding of the dynamics of a healthy relationship and can also offer great insight to clients who struggle with relationship issues. As an Emotional Intelligence Life Coach, I can help you to master your emotions, reduce your stress, and develop emotional intelligence.
I can work with you as an ally during the most difficult phases of your life. You set the goals for change, and I will help guide you to reach them. I also have a great understanding of the dynamics of a healthy relationship and can also offer great insight to clients who struggle with relationship issues. As an Emotional Intelligence Life Coach, I can help you to master your emotions, reduce your stress, and develop emotional intelligence.
(480) 526-9387 View (480) 526-9387
Photo of Stacy Bettelon, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Stacy Bettelon
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85007  (Online Only)
The road to parenthood can be a beautiful time for many, but for others it can feel extremely daunting. From the time a woman finds out they are expecting, tons of hormonal and emotional changes will begin. I believe that having a strong support system to know about Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMAD's) is essential to help navigate overwhelming and unpleasant symptoms! My goal, as a therapist, is to support, validate and meet clients where they are at in their mental health journey. I want all of my clients to know that they do not have to do this alone! I am here to help!
The road to parenthood can be a beautiful time for many, but for others it can feel extremely daunting. From the time a woman finds out they are expecting, tons of hormonal and emotional changes will begin. I believe that having a strong support system to know about Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMAD's) is essential to help navigate overwhelming and unpleasant symptoms! My goal, as a therapist, is to support, validate and meet clients where they are at in their mental health journey. I want all of my clients to know that they do not have to do this alone! I am here to help!
(602) 975-2166 View (602) 975-2166
Photo of Jordan Berry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Jordan Berry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAT, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018  (Online Only)
You might be thinking, “I’ve tried talking about this before, but nothing seemed to change,” or, “Is something wrong with me for feeling this way?” You might feel unable to fully connect with your most important people, or even with yourself. But you have a sense this didn't start out of nowhere, and you're motivated to get to the bottom of it—for good. I get it, I’ve been there, too, and know that with the right support, you can actually heal and move forward. I'm ready to help. I specialize in millennial & gen-z adulting, helping you transform pain from current/past relationships, and navigate life's stressors with confidence.
You might be thinking, “I’ve tried talking about this before, but nothing seemed to change,” or, “Is something wrong with me for feeling this way?” You might feel unable to fully connect with your most important people, or even with yourself. But you have a sense this didn't start out of nowhere, and you're motivated to get to the bottom of it—for good. I get it, I’ve been there, too, and know that with the right support, you can actually heal and move forward. I'm ready to help. I specialize in millennial & gen-z adulting, helping you transform pain from current/past relationships, and navigate life's stressors with confidence.
(480) 462-6082 View (480) 462-6082
Photo of Courtney Denevi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Courtney Denevi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BCBA, LBA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
(602) 860-6647 View (602) 860-6647
DELANA Kim Gardner
DNP, FNP-C, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85042
I'm here to provide you with personalized support and guidance in managing your care with warmth and compassion. With a focus on your individual needs, I'm dedicated to ensuring that your treatment plan is optimized for your well-being. Together, we'll work closely to navigate any challenges and achieve the best possible outcomes.
I'm here to provide you with personalized support and guidance in managing your care with warmth and compassion. With a focus on your individual needs, I'm dedicated to ensuring that your treatment plan is optimized for your well-being. Together, we'll work closely to navigate any challenges and achieve the best possible outcomes.
(602) 610-0623 View (602) 610-0623
Photo of Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Phoenix, AZ
Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
I understand that the decision to seek therapy is not always an easy one, often times it can feel intimidating and scary. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I strive to create a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment to encourage honest communication and trust between partners and family members. I believe in providing an empathetic experience to help my clients feel heard, supported and comfortable in therapy. I work collaboratively to identify strengths and resources in order to help clients transform the way they navigate life and work toward healing and change.
I understand that the decision to seek therapy is not always an easy one, often times it can feel intimidating and scary. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I strive to create a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment to encourage honest communication and trust between partners and family members. I believe in providing an empathetic experience to help my clients feel heard, supported and comfortable in therapy. I work collaboratively to identify strengths and resources in order to help clients transform the way they navigate life and work toward healing and change.
(623) 294-6079 View (623) 294-6079
Photo of Emily Coops, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Emily Coops
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85003  (Online Only)
If you are here, I imagine you may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or you are unsure what you may be feeling. Whether you have been to therapy before or considering trying it for the first time, I am committed to helping you identify and remove the barriers of eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, life transitions, relationship issues, and problematic sexual behaviors. I will work with you to remove these barriers by establishing a safe, empathetic, and supportive environment. In addition, I will work to facilitate a strong therapeutic relationship, which I find to be a catalyst of change.
If you are here, I imagine you may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or you are unsure what you may be feeling. Whether you have been to therapy before or considering trying it for the first time, I am committed to helping you identify and remove the barriers of eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, life transitions, relationship issues, and problematic sexual behaviors. I will work with you to remove these barriers by establishing a safe, empathetic, and supportive environment. In addition, I will work to facilitate a strong therapeutic relationship, which I find to be a catalyst of change.
(312) 578-9990 View (312) 578-9990
Photo of Sheri Orr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Sheri Orr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC, CIMHP, CCATP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Are you dealing with spiraling thoughts or ruminating on worst-case scenarios and feel stuck and helpless? Or maybe you’re dealing with narcissistic abuse? Perhaps you’re ready to learn how to gain control of your thoughts so you feel like you’re in control instead of your thoughts taking charge. Or maybe you’re ready to learn how to deal with the gaslighting in relationships and want to learn how to set boundaries so you can stop feeling like you’re walking on eggshells or always feeling off-center. If you are struggling with anxiety, OCD, or suffering from narcissistic abuse, there is hope for change.
Are you dealing with spiraling thoughts or ruminating on worst-case scenarios and feel stuck and helpless? Or maybe you’re dealing with narcissistic abuse? Perhaps you’re ready to learn how to gain control of your thoughts so you feel like you’re in control instead of your thoughts taking charge. Or maybe you’re ready to learn how to deal with the gaslighting in relationships and want to learn how to set boundaries so you can stop feeling like you’re walking on eggshells or always feeling off-center. If you are struggling with anxiety, OCD, or suffering from narcissistic abuse, there is hope for change.
(602) 313-1253 View (602) 313-1253
Photo of Judith Ann Levin in Phoenix, AZ
Judith Ann Levin
MS, APRN, RNP, CNS
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85003
Judith Levin is dedicated to the experience of healing as reflected in her 32 years as a Constructionist Therapist and Nurse Practitioner. She works collaboratively with clients to create a safe and trusted space that will assist clients to address their concerns, challenges, and reasons for seeking therapy. Judith accentuates on restoring resilience, helping clients to create new meanings, generate new possibilities and achieve more fulfilling levels of satisfaction and wellness. Judith completed a 2 year post-graduate program at the Postgraduate Institute for Family Therapy. She is also certified in MBSR and EMDR therapies.
Judith Levin is dedicated to the experience of healing as reflected in her 32 years as a Constructionist Therapist and Nurse Practitioner. She works collaboratively with clients to create a safe and trusted space that will assist clients to address their concerns, challenges, and reasons for seeking therapy. Judith accentuates on restoring resilience, helping clients to create new meanings, generate new possibilities and achieve more fulfilling levels of satisfaction and wellness. Judith completed a 2 year post-graduate program at the Postgraduate Institute for Family Therapy. She is also certified in MBSR and EMDR therapies.
(602) 932-8104 View (602) 932-8104
Photo of Mysti VanAken Rainwater, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mysti VanAken Rainwater
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85044
My clients get to experience a judgement free zone to discuss all the hard things... all the things partners argue about... sex, money, parenting, division of the workload and substance use... to name a few! I specialize in working with couples using a progressive approach and incorporating the Enneagram, MBTI and Love Languages to help couples and families find their way back to a kind, respectful, loving, healthy relationship. If you are struggling in your relationships, let's talk!
My clients get to experience a judgement free zone to discuss all the hard things... all the things partners argue about... sex, money, parenting, division of the workload and substance use... to name a few! I specialize in working with couples using a progressive approach and incorporating the Enneagram, MBTI and Love Languages to help couples and families find their way back to a kind, respectful, loving, healthy relationship. If you are struggling in your relationships, let's talk!
(520) 253-7654 View (520) 253-7654
Photo of Janel Randle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Janel Randle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Have you tried traditional talk therapy and found it unsuccessful? Neurofeedback is an alternative form of care which can help with difficult presentations like ADHD, anxiety, and depression. I am a licensed professional counselor. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, divorce, depression and anxiety. I can approach concerns using neurofeedback, therapy or a combination.
Have you tried traditional talk therapy and found it unsuccessful? Neurofeedback is an alternative form of care which can help with difficult presentations like ADHD, anxiety, and depression. I am a licensed professional counselor. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, divorce, depression and anxiety. I can approach concerns using neurofeedback, therapy or a combination.
(602) 497-3720 View (602) 497-3720

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.